First In, First Out (FIFO); Last In, Last Out (LIFO)UNowAcademics
This document discusses two methods for valuing inventory - First In, First Out (FIFO) and Last In, First Out (LIFO). FIFO matches the costs of the oldest inventory units with the sales revenue, while LIFO matches the costs of the newest inventory units with sales. The document provides examples to illustrate how inventory values would be reported under each method when a company produces and sells different quantities of inventory over time.
The document discusses three methods for valuing inventory: first-in, first-out (FIFO); last-in, first-out (LIFO); and average cost. FIFO matches the oldest inventory costs to cost of goods sold, providing higher reported profits during inflation. LIFO matches the newest costs to cost of goods sold, providing lower reported profits during inflation but higher accuracy of current inventory costs. Average cost averages all inventory costs, providing a middle ground between FIFO and LIFO. The choice of method impacts financial statements by affecting reported cost of goods sold, profits, and inventory values.
Perpetual and Periodic inventory valuation methods are discussed in this presentation. The systems are explained using the different valuations methods (FIFO, LIFO and AVG).
This chapter discusses cost of sales and inventories. It can be assigned in two parts, with the second focusing on inventory costing methods. Students often struggle to understand deducting cost of goods sold, so drill problems are important. The chapter also addresses the choice between LIFO and FIFO inventory methods and how LIFO can indefinitely defer taxes. Sample problems demonstrate calculating cost of goods sold and preparing income statements using different inventory methods.
Understand the various aspects of maintain inventory records, that handles your two principal financial statements ie Income Statement and Balance Sheet.
For more such innovative content on management studies, join WeSchool PGDM-DLP Program: http://bit.ly/ZEcPAc
Bab 8 - Valuation of Inventories, a Cost-Basis Approachmsahuleka
This document discusses key concepts related to inventory valuation using a cost basis approach. It identifies major classifications of inventory, distinguishes between perpetual and periodic inventory systems, and describes how different cost flow assumptions like FIFO, LIFO, and average cost affect the valuation of inventory and calculation of cost of goods sold. The learning objectives cover inventory classification, the costs included in inventory valuation, LIFO reserves and liquidations, advantages and disadvantages of different methods, and why companies select certain valuation methods.
This document discusses inventory valuation methods and cost of goods sold calculations for different types of companies. It covers:
1) Types of companies including merchandising, manufacturing, and service and their different inventory considerations.
2) Methods for determining inventory amounts including periodic and perpetual systems.
3) Cost flow assumptions like specific identification, average costing, FIFO, and LIFO.
4) Calculations of cost of goods sold for merchandising and manufacturing companies using different inventory methods.
The document discusses different methods for valuing inventory, including specific identification, FIFO, LIFO, average cost, retail, and gross profit methods. It compares the LIFO and FIFO methods, explaining that LIFO matches current costs to current revenues while FIFO provides a better measure of inventory value. The document also discusses the impact of errors in inventory valuation and how inventory value should be reported and disclosed in financial statements.
First In, First Out (FIFO); Last In, Last Out (LIFO)UNowAcademics
This document discusses two methods for valuing inventory - First In, First Out (FIFO) and Last In, First Out (LIFO). FIFO matches the costs of the oldest inventory units with the sales revenue, while LIFO matches the costs of the newest inventory units with sales. The document provides examples to illustrate how inventory values would be reported under each method when a company produces and sells different quantities of inventory over time.
The document discusses three methods for valuing inventory: first-in, first-out (FIFO); last-in, first-out (LIFO); and average cost. FIFO matches the oldest inventory costs to cost of goods sold, providing higher reported profits during inflation. LIFO matches the newest costs to cost of goods sold, providing lower reported profits during inflation but higher accuracy of current inventory costs. Average cost averages all inventory costs, providing a middle ground between FIFO and LIFO. The choice of method impacts financial statements by affecting reported cost of goods sold, profits, and inventory values.
Perpetual and Periodic inventory valuation methods are discussed in this presentation. The systems are explained using the different valuations methods (FIFO, LIFO and AVG).
This chapter discusses cost of sales and inventories. It can be assigned in two parts, with the second focusing on inventory costing methods. Students often struggle to understand deducting cost of goods sold, so drill problems are important. The chapter also addresses the choice between LIFO and FIFO inventory methods and how LIFO can indefinitely defer taxes. Sample problems demonstrate calculating cost of goods sold and preparing income statements using different inventory methods.
Understand the various aspects of maintain inventory records, that handles your two principal financial statements ie Income Statement and Balance Sheet.
For more such innovative content on management studies, join WeSchool PGDM-DLP Program: http://bit.ly/ZEcPAc
Bab 8 - Valuation of Inventories, a Cost-Basis Approachmsahuleka
This document discusses key concepts related to inventory valuation using a cost basis approach. It identifies major classifications of inventory, distinguishes between perpetual and periodic inventory systems, and describes how different cost flow assumptions like FIFO, LIFO, and average cost affect the valuation of inventory and calculation of cost of goods sold. The learning objectives cover inventory classification, the costs included in inventory valuation, LIFO reserves and liquidations, advantages and disadvantages of different methods, and why companies select certain valuation methods.
This document discusses inventory valuation methods and cost of goods sold calculations for different types of companies. It covers:
1) Types of companies including merchandising, manufacturing, and service and their different inventory considerations.
2) Methods for determining inventory amounts including periodic and perpetual systems.
3) Cost flow assumptions like specific identification, average costing, FIFO, and LIFO.
4) Calculations of cost of goods sold for merchandising and manufacturing companies using different inventory methods.
The document discusses different methods for valuing inventory, including specific identification, FIFO, LIFO, average cost, retail, and gross profit methods. It compares the LIFO and FIFO methods, explaining that LIFO matches current costs to current revenues while FIFO provides a better measure of inventory value. The document also discusses the impact of errors in inventory valuation and how inventory value should be reported and disclosed in financial statements.
This chapter discusses inventory costing methods for manufacturing companies and concepts for measuring production capacity. It describes two main inventory costing methods: variable costing, which expenses fixed manufacturing costs, and absorption costing, which includes fixed costs as inventoriable costs. Absorption costing follows GAAP but variable costing is useful for internal analysis. The chapter also examines four capacity measurement concepts and how the choice of denominator level affects income under absorption costing.
The document compares LIFO and FIFO costing models for inventory valuation over multiple years. It shows beginning inventory, purchases, available inventory for sales, sales, and ending inventory for 2007-2009. Cost of goods sold and gross margin are higher under LIFO compared to FIFO in 2008 and 2009 due to higher costs being expensed. Profitability margins are positive under LIFO in 2007 and negative under LIFO in 2009, while margins are positive but lower under FIFO for all years.
The document discusses costing structures and methods in Oracle Manufacturing. It defines key costing concepts like cost elements, sub-elements, activities, and basis types used to assign costs. It also covers average costing updates, cost recognition processes, and important reports for analyzing costs and margins.
This document discusses various methods, techniques, and systems of costing. It describes job costing, contract costing, batch costing, process costing, operation costing, and others. It also covers techniques like marginal costing, direct costing, and absorption costing. For systems of costing, it explains historical costing using post-costing and continuous costing, as well as standard costing.
Process costing is a costing method used when homogeneous units are produced continuously in large quantities. It assigns costs equally over the units produced in a period. There are five steps to process costing: 1) analyze physical flows, 2) calculate equivalent units, 3) determine total costs, 4) calculate unit costs, and 5) assign costs to completed and ending work-in-process units. Process costing uses journal entries to record raw material costs, conversion costs, and transfers between departments. The weighted average and first-in, first-out (FIFO) methods are two approaches to assign costs in process costing.
This document discusses different costing methods used in management accounting including job costing, process costing, batch costing, contract costing, and service costing. It provides examples and explanations of key concepts in job costing like job cost sheets, predetermined overhead rates, and manufacturing overhead. Process costing is explained as a method used for mass production of nearly identical units where costs are accumulated and assigned to units produced. Batch costing is defined as identifying and assigning costs to a set amount of similar goods produced in a batch. Contract costing applies especially to long-term construction projects performed over multiple periods. Finally, service costing calculates the full costs of services an entity provides using direct and indirect costs.
Fifo first in first out powerpoint ppt slides.SlideTeam.net
The document describes the First In First Out (FIFO) concept through diagrams and text. FIFO refers to the queue discipline where the first item inserted into the queue will be the first item removed. The document contains several diagrams illustrating queues with items being added to the front and removed from the rear to demonstrate the FIFO principle. Descriptions accompany the diagrams to explain key FIFO concepts such as enqueue, dequeue, stacks, and inventory management.
Cost and management accounting techniques are essential tools for effective decision making. Some key techniques discussed are:
1) Make or buy analysis which helps decide whether to produce an item internally or purchase it based on relevant costs like variable production costs and supplier prices.
2) Inventory management techniques like just-in-time and economic order quantity which aim to reduce inventory costs.
3) Budgeting allows defining goals, coordinating activities, and allocating resources.
4) Variance analysis identifies reasons for deviations from budgets.
5) Cost-volume-profit analysis uses graphs and equations to understand break-even points and profit/loss areas.
6) Activity based costing allocates overhead costs based on
The document discusses different types of audits:
- Statutory audits are legally required reviews of a company's or government's financial records to determine if they provide an accurate representation of their financial position.
- Non-statutory audits are voluntary and terms are agreed upon between the auditor and proprietor.
- Internal audits are independent reviews conducted within an organization to evaluate risk management, controls, and governance processes.
- Special audits are specifically requested to detect potential errors, irregularities, or fraud.
This document discusses inventory valuation methods. It explains that inventory includes raw materials, work in progress, and finished goods. The two main inventory valuation methods are LIFO (last in, first out) and FIFO (first in, first out). Under LIFO, the most recently produced goods are sold first, lowering costs when prices are rising. FIFO sells older goods first, which prevents expiration of inventory and decreases the impact of inflation. The document provides examples to illustrate how inventory quantities and costs are tracked under each method.
Inventory is an important asset on the balance sheet and impacts the income statement through cost of goods sold. There are two main concerns with inventory valuation - revenue recognition and ending inventory valuation. Companies must count inventory quantities and value them at cost, with adjustments made if the lower of cost or market is below cost. Common inventory costing methods include specific identification, first-in first-out, last-in first-out, and average cost.
The document discusses inventory control methods for food and beverage companies, specifically FIFO (first in, first out) and FEFO (first expired, first out). It explains that FEFO prioritizes products with the shortest shelf life to be distributed first to reduce spoilage, while FIFO ensures the oldest products in inventory are shipped out first. The document also notes that software like SAP Business One can help companies comply with regulations through features like tracking expiration dates and automatically implementing FEFO and FIFO.
Este documento describe los métodos FIFO, LIFO y PMP para valuar inventarios. FIFO asume que los primeros productos que entran son los primeros que salen, usando los precios más antiguos. LIFO asume que los últimos productos que entran son los primeros que salen, usando los precios más recientes. PMP calcula un costo promedio ponderado entre los diferentes precios de compra.
The document discusses the valuation of inventories under accounting standards. It covers the meaning and significance of inventories, principles of valuation including cost formulas, techniques for measurement of cost, and disclosure requirements regarding inventory valuation policies and amounts. The key principles are that inventories must be valued at the lower of cost or net realizable value, and costs included in inventory valuation comprise costs of purchase, costs of conversion, and other costs to bring inventories to their present location and condition.
This document compares the 2019 Nissan Altima SV and the 2019 Mercedes-Benz CLA 250. It summarizes the key specs and features of each vehicle, noting the Altima SV has a lower base MSRP and better fuel economy but requires premium gasoline. While the CLA 250 requires purchasing additional packages to get standard features like Apple Carplay, the Altima SV comes standard with more technology and comfort features. Financing and leasing offers are provided for each vehicle.
This document contains information about 12 endangered species, including tigers, whooping cranes, polar bears, and black rhinoceros. For each species, it provides details on physical characteristics like size and habitat, as well as the main reasons for their endangered status, such as habitat loss, climate change, poaching, and pollution. The numbers of remaining individuals in the wild are given for most species, showing populations ranging from just over 1,000 for northern right whales to around 50,000 for orangutans.
Technology and Communication Effects on LifeJon Dav
This document discusses how technology has negatively impacted communication. It argues that technologies like social media, texting, and smartphones have replaced face-to-face interaction and harmed people's social skills. While online communication provides benefits like low-cost long-distance contact, overuse of these technologies isolates people and prevents meaningful in-person exchanges of ideas and emotions. The document warns that if online communication replaced real-world interaction entirely, it could seriously damage society.
The document is a student essay analyzing the short story "Hostess" by Donald Mangum. It summarizes the story and analyzes the character of the hostess. The essay argues that through her actions and speech in caring for the family in various ways, the reader can infer that the hostess is a caring and thoughtful person. Examples of how she helps the drunk husband and comforts the grieving wife illustrate her compassionate nature. The lesson, according to the essay, is that people should not make judgments without understanding someone fully.
Teotihuacan was an ancient Mesoamerican city located 30 miles northeast of Mexico City. It was built between 100 BC and 250 AD, and was one of the largest cities of the pre-Columbian Americas, with a population of over 125,000. The city contained large pyramidal structures like the Pyramid of the Sun and Pyramid of the Moon aligned along the Avenue of the Dead. The civilization built apartment complexes and followed religious beliefs centered around various gods. The city demonstrates highly advanced urban planning and construction techniques.
This chapter discusses inventory costing methods for manufacturing companies and concepts for measuring production capacity. It describes two main inventory costing methods: variable costing, which expenses fixed manufacturing costs, and absorption costing, which includes fixed costs as inventoriable costs. Absorption costing follows GAAP but variable costing is useful for internal analysis. The chapter also examines four capacity measurement concepts and how the choice of denominator level affects income under absorption costing.
The document compares LIFO and FIFO costing models for inventory valuation over multiple years. It shows beginning inventory, purchases, available inventory for sales, sales, and ending inventory for 2007-2009. Cost of goods sold and gross margin are higher under LIFO compared to FIFO in 2008 and 2009 due to higher costs being expensed. Profitability margins are positive under LIFO in 2007 and negative under LIFO in 2009, while margins are positive but lower under FIFO for all years.
The document discusses costing structures and methods in Oracle Manufacturing. It defines key costing concepts like cost elements, sub-elements, activities, and basis types used to assign costs. It also covers average costing updates, cost recognition processes, and important reports for analyzing costs and margins.
This document discusses various methods, techniques, and systems of costing. It describes job costing, contract costing, batch costing, process costing, operation costing, and others. It also covers techniques like marginal costing, direct costing, and absorption costing. For systems of costing, it explains historical costing using post-costing and continuous costing, as well as standard costing.
Process costing is a costing method used when homogeneous units are produced continuously in large quantities. It assigns costs equally over the units produced in a period. There are five steps to process costing: 1) analyze physical flows, 2) calculate equivalent units, 3) determine total costs, 4) calculate unit costs, and 5) assign costs to completed and ending work-in-process units. Process costing uses journal entries to record raw material costs, conversion costs, and transfers between departments. The weighted average and first-in, first-out (FIFO) methods are two approaches to assign costs in process costing.
This document discusses different costing methods used in management accounting including job costing, process costing, batch costing, contract costing, and service costing. It provides examples and explanations of key concepts in job costing like job cost sheets, predetermined overhead rates, and manufacturing overhead. Process costing is explained as a method used for mass production of nearly identical units where costs are accumulated and assigned to units produced. Batch costing is defined as identifying and assigning costs to a set amount of similar goods produced in a batch. Contract costing applies especially to long-term construction projects performed over multiple periods. Finally, service costing calculates the full costs of services an entity provides using direct and indirect costs.
Fifo first in first out powerpoint ppt slides.SlideTeam.net
The document describes the First In First Out (FIFO) concept through diagrams and text. FIFO refers to the queue discipline where the first item inserted into the queue will be the first item removed. The document contains several diagrams illustrating queues with items being added to the front and removed from the rear to demonstrate the FIFO principle. Descriptions accompany the diagrams to explain key FIFO concepts such as enqueue, dequeue, stacks, and inventory management.
Cost and management accounting techniques are essential tools for effective decision making. Some key techniques discussed are:
1) Make or buy analysis which helps decide whether to produce an item internally or purchase it based on relevant costs like variable production costs and supplier prices.
2) Inventory management techniques like just-in-time and economic order quantity which aim to reduce inventory costs.
3) Budgeting allows defining goals, coordinating activities, and allocating resources.
4) Variance analysis identifies reasons for deviations from budgets.
5) Cost-volume-profit analysis uses graphs and equations to understand break-even points and profit/loss areas.
6) Activity based costing allocates overhead costs based on
The document discusses different types of audits:
- Statutory audits are legally required reviews of a company's or government's financial records to determine if they provide an accurate representation of their financial position.
- Non-statutory audits are voluntary and terms are agreed upon between the auditor and proprietor.
- Internal audits are independent reviews conducted within an organization to evaluate risk management, controls, and governance processes.
- Special audits are specifically requested to detect potential errors, irregularities, or fraud.
This document discusses inventory valuation methods. It explains that inventory includes raw materials, work in progress, and finished goods. The two main inventory valuation methods are LIFO (last in, first out) and FIFO (first in, first out). Under LIFO, the most recently produced goods are sold first, lowering costs when prices are rising. FIFO sells older goods first, which prevents expiration of inventory and decreases the impact of inflation. The document provides examples to illustrate how inventory quantities and costs are tracked under each method.
Inventory is an important asset on the balance sheet and impacts the income statement through cost of goods sold. There are two main concerns with inventory valuation - revenue recognition and ending inventory valuation. Companies must count inventory quantities and value them at cost, with adjustments made if the lower of cost or market is below cost. Common inventory costing methods include specific identification, first-in first-out, last-in first-out, and average cost.
The document discusses inventory control methods for food and beverage companies, specifically FIFO (first in, first out) and FEFO (first expired, first out). It explains that FEFO prioritizes products with the shortest shelf life to be distributed first to reduce spoilage, while FIFO ensures the oldest products in inventory are shipped out first. The document also notes that software like SAP Business One can help companies comply with regulations through features like tracking expiration dates and automatically implementing FEFO and FIFO.
Este documento describe los métodos FIFO, LIFO y PMP para valuar inventarios. FIFO asume que los primeros productos que entran son los primeros que salen, usando los precios más antiguos. LIFO asume que los últimos productos que entran son los primeros que salen, usando los precios más recientes. PMP calcula un costo promedio ponderado entre los diferentes precios de compra.
The document discusses the valuation of inventories under accounting standards. It covers the meaning and significance of inventories, principles of valuation including cost formulas, techniques for measurement of cost, and disclosure requirements regarding inventory valuation policies and amounts. The key principles are that inventories must be valued at the lower of cost or net realizable value, and costs included in inventory valuation comprise costs of purchase, costs of conversion, and other costs to bring inventories to their present location and condition.
This document compares the 2019 Nissan Altima SV and the 2019 Mercedes-Benz CLA 250. It summarizes the key specs and features of each vehicle, noting the Altima SV has a lower base MSRP and better fuel economy but requires premium gasoline. While the CLA 250 requires purchasing additional packages to get standard features like Apple Carplay, the Altima SV comes standard with more technology and comfort features. Financing and leasing offers are provided for each vehicle.
This document contains information about 12 endangered species, including tigers, whooping cranes, polar bears, and black rhinoceros. For each species, it provides details on physical characteristics like size and habitat, as well as the main reasons for their endangered status, such as habitat loss, climate change, poaching, and pollution. The numbers of remaining individuals in the wild are given for most species, showing populations ranging from just over 1,000 for northern right whales to around 50,000 for orangutans.
Technology and Communication Effects on LifeJon Dav
This document discusses how technology has negatively impacted communication. It argues that technologies like social media, texting, and smartphones have replaced face-to-face interaction and harmed people's social skills. While online communication provides benefits like low-cost long-distance contact, overuse of these technologies isolates people and prevents meaningful in-person exchanges of ideas and emotions. The document warns that if online communication replaced real-world interaction entirely, it could seriously damage society.
The document is a student essay analyzing the short story "Hostess" by Donald Mangum. It summarizes the story and analyzes the character of the hostess. The essay argues that through her actions and speech in caring for the family in various ways, the reader can infer that the hostess is a caring and thoughtful person. Examples of how she helps the drunk husband and comforts the grieving wife illustrate her compassionate nature. The lesson, according to the essay, is that people should not make judgments without understanding someone fully.
Teotihuacan was an ancient Mesoamerican city located 30 miles northeast of Mexico City. It was built between 100 BC and 250 AD, and was one of the largest cities of the pre-Columbian Americas, with a population of over 125,000. The city contained large pyramidal structures like the Pyramid of the Sun and Pyramid of the Moon aligned along the Avenue of the Dead. The civilization built apartment complexes and followed religious beliefs centered around various gods. The city demonstrates highly advanced urban planning and construction techniques.
Advertisment Fallacies in the United StatesJon Dav
The document discusses the negative effects of advertising on American society and culture. It argues that advertisements promote unrealistic images and false promises that manipulate consumers into purchasing unneeded products. This causes Americans to fall into debt and adopt materialistic views. Additionally, ads influence societal norms and pressure people, especially women and young people, into conforming to certain ideals. While businesses benefit financially, the author asserts that advertising ultimately harms individuals and society.
This chapter discusses the power of self-belief and how it relates to success. It explores the meaning of success and values, and how beliefs shape our behavior and choices. Negative beliefs can harm our lives, while positive beliefs empower us. The document provides ways to change limiting beliefs, such as using positive self-talk, and embracing the seven beliefs of successful people. It concludes by discussing positive psychology and how improving self-beliefs through self-acceptance can boost confidence.
Serpens is a constellation located at 16 hours right ascension and 10 degrees north in declination. Its two brightest stars are Alpha Serpentis (Ras Alhague) with magnitude 2.1 and Beta Serpentis (Cheleb) with magnitude 2.8. The constellation contains the globular cluster Messier Object 5. In mythology, the serpent revealed the secret of resurrection to Asclepius, making him the god of medicine and resulting in his immortality as a constellation.
The document discusses various reading strategies for studying, including the three main stages of reading: before, during, and after reading. It outlines the SQ3R method and explains how to actively read, study, and remember material. Specific strategies covered include previewing chapters by reviewing titles, headings, and visual elements, and using techniques like predicting, questioning, and recalling what was read in order to better understand and retain information from textbooks and other materials.
The document summarizes the process by which Emil Fischer determined the structure of glucose in the late 19th century. [1] Glucose has 4 chiral centers, allowing for 16 possible stereoisomers. [2] Through oxidation and degradation experiments, Fischer was able to determine the stereochemistry at carbons 3, 4, and 5, leaving only carbon 2 undefined. [3] An experiment interchanging end groups showed that glucose has structure A, with stereochemistry now fully characterized.
Aristotle was a Greek philosopher born in 384 BC in Stagira, Chalcidice. He was a student of Plato and later taught Alexander the Great. Aristotle is considered one of the most important founding figures of Western philosophy. He believed in using empirical evidence and facts to understand the natural world and that nature is ordered according to consistent discoverable laws. Aristotle developed the concept of four causes to explain change - the material, formal, efficient, and final cause. He also studied different aspects of soul and form and how they relate to matter in the natural world.
The document summarizes Federalist No. 10 by James Madison from 1787 arguing for ratification of the U.S. Constitution. Madison asserts that one of the key advantages of a strong central government is its ability to control the negative effects of factionalism. He defines a faction as a group united around a particular interest or belief. Madison argues that a representative democracy can defeat factional views through regular votes, preventing obstructions of administration. By ensuring the majority cannot be outnumbered, a central government can control the effects of factionalism and prevent the abuse of power by elites to oppress others for their own benefit.
Human trafficking is a crime against humanity that involves exploiting people through force, coercion or deception for purposes such as forced labor or prostitution. It is estimated that 700,000 to 4 million people, mostly women and children, are trafficked worldwide each year, generating $7 billion in profits. Trafficking can have severe psychological effects on victims such as depression, trauma and lack of trust. The FBI's Los Angeles task force works to address human trafficking in the region.
Guitars Fender Stratocaster Telecaster Gibson Les Paul SGJon Dav
This document lists 4 iconic electric guitar models: the Fender Stratocaster, Fender Telecaster, Gibson Les Paul, and Gibson SG. It appears to be part of a music class assignment discussing different guitar types and brands but provides no other context or analysis.
McDonald's Corporation is the world's largest chain of hamburger fast food restaurants, serving over 64 million customers daily across 119 countries. The company owns and operates over 15% of its 33,000 total locations worldwide, while the rest are franchised. McDonald's stock price has increased 22% in the past year to around $93 currently, outperforming the broader market during the economic downturn. Financial analysis of McDonald's balance sheets and income statements from 2008-2010 show increasing total assets, retained earnings, and revenues, indicating the company's continued growth and financial strength.
McDonald's is the world's largest chain of hamburger fast food restaurants, serving over 64 million customers daily in 119 countries. It began in 1940 in San Bernardino, California and was founded as a corporation by Ray Kroc in 1955. McDonald's has over 33,000 locations worldwide owned by the corporation itself, franchisees, or affiliates. It has 1.5 million employees and generates revenue through franchise fees and sales in corporate-owned restaurants. The company is known for its iconic golden arches logo and uses of red and yellow colors.
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptxDenish Jangid
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
Andreas Schleicher presents PISA 2022 Volume III - Creative Thinking - 18 Jun...EduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher, Director of Education and Skills at the OECD presents at the launch of PISA 2022 Volume III - Creative Minds, Creative Schools on 18 June 2024.
How Barcodes Can Be Leveraged Within Odoo 17Celine George
In this presentation, we will explore how barcodes can be leveraged within Odoo 17 to streamline our manufacturing processes. We will cover the configuration steps, how to utilize barcodes in different manufacturing scenarios, and the overall benefits of implementing this technology.
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إضغ بين إيديكم من أقوى الملازم التي صممتها
ملزمة تشريح الجهاز الهيكلي (نظري 3)
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تتميز هذهِ الملزمة بعِدة مُميزات :
1- مُترجمة ترجمة تُناسب جميع المستويات
2- تحتوي على 78 رسم توضيحي لكل كلمة موجودة بالملزمة (لكل كلمة !!!!)
#فهم_ماكو_درخ
3- دقة الكتابة والصور عالية جداً جداً جداً
4- هُنالك بعض المعلومات تم توضيحها بشكل تفصيلي جداً (تُعتبر لدى الطالب أو الطالبة بإنها معلومات مُبهمة ومع ذلك تم توضيح هذهِ المعلومات المُبهمة بشكل تفصيلي جداً
5- الملزمة تشرح نفسها ب نفسها بس تكلك تعال اقراني
6- تحتوي الملزمة في اول سلايد على خارطة تتضمن جميع تفرُعات معلومات الجهاز الهيكلي المذكورة في هذهِ الملزمة
واخيراً هذهِ الملزمة حلالٌ عليكم وإتمنى منكم إن تدعولي بالخير والصحة والعافية فقط
كل التوفيق زملائي وزميلاتي ، زميلكم محمد الذهبي 💊💊
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Temple of Asclepius in Thrace. Excavation resultsKrassimira Luka
The temple and the sanctuary around were dedicated to Asklepios Zmidrenus. This name has been known since 1875 when an inscription dedicated to him was discovered in Rome. The inscription is dated in 227 AD and was left by soldiers originating from the city of Philippopolis (modern Plovdiv).
Gender and Mental Health - Counselling and Family Therapy Applications and In...PsychoTech Services
A proprietary approach developed by bringing together the best of learning theories from Psychology, design principles from the world of visualization, and pedagogical methods from over a decade of training experience, that enables you to: Learn better, faster!
1. Davila
Jonathan Davila
BUSA 7 MW
7 May 2012
HW Pg 310 CP 6-3 Costing Inventory
1.
FIFO Average Cost LIFO
6,400 units at $14.25= $91,200 (5,432,000/400,00)= $13.58 62,000 units at $12.20= $756,400
25,600 units at $14.50=$371,200 *64,000 units at $13.58 +2,000 units at $13.00= $26,000
16,000 units at $14.95= $239,200 =$882,800 =64,000 units $808,000
+16,000 units at $16.00= $256,000
=64,000 units $957,600
2. In order to calculate the Gross Profit of all three methods, you must subtract your Net Sales
from Cost of Merchandise Sold which will give you the Gross Profit.
FIFO Average Cost LIFO
Net Sales 5,200,000 Net Sales 5,200,000 Net Sales 5,200,000
COMS -4,474,400 COMS -4,549,200 COMS -4,624,000
=$725,600 =$650,800 =$576,000
The Gross Profit for the three methods are:
FIFO= ($725,600)
Average cost= ($650,800)
LIFO= ($576,000)
3a. Based on the outcome when using the three methods I have determined that all three of
these methods can best reflect the results of operations for 2012. When using the FIFO method,
the first units purchased are assumed to be sold and the ending inventory is made up of the
most recent purchases. FIFO usually reports higher gross profit and net income than LIFO
when costs are increasing. When using the LIFO method, the last units purchased are assumed
to be sold and the ending inventory is made up of the first purchases. The LIFO method most
nearly matches current cost with current revenues. This method reflects the most current
operations due to the fact that the last item received has to be sold first. When using the Average
Cost Method, the cost of the units sold and in ending inventory is an average of the purchase costs.
The Average Cost Method is also a compromise between LIFO and FIFO, which uses the average
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2. unit cost for determining both the Cost of Merchandise Sold and Less Ending Inventory.
3b. The method that best reflects the replacement cost of inventory on the balance sheet at the
end of the year is FIFO. When using FIFO, cost are included in the order they were purchased.
This is often the same as the physical flow of the merchandise. This method would help the
company know the exact quantities they are selling and it would also help them save more
money.
3c. The costing method I would choose for my income taxes would have to be the LIFO
method, because it offers income tax savings during periods of increasing costs. This is
important because LIFO reports the lowest amount of gross profit and taxable net income.
3d. In a Perpetual Inventory System, some of the advantages is having an accurate method for
calculating inventories because of the different merchandise being sold. This is extremely
important because it helps keep control while managing the large amounts of inventory. An
example of this would be at the beginning of they year when the company was buying mass
amounts of units. By using the Perpetual Inventory System they could have prevented this
problem. Some disadvantages using the Perpetual Inventory System is that it takes a lot of time
to calculate the inventories of the different merchandise being sold. Based on all the data
presented there was definitely an adequacy of inventory levels during the year.
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