Accessory Components in Hydraulic Systems
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This document discusses accessory components that are used in hydraulic systems. It describes accumulators, pressure switches, pressure gauges, flow meters, manifolds, and pressure intensifiers. Accumulators store fluid energy and are used to supply pressure when needed, compensate for leakage, and act as shock absorbers. There are three main types: weight loaded, spring loaded, and gas loaded. Gas loaded accumulators use compressed gas and are commonly used in industrial applications. Pressure switches and gauges are used to control systems and measure pressure levels. Flow meters measure the amount of fluid flow. Manifolds and pressure intensifiers help distribute pressure and fluid throughout the system. Properly selecting and maintaining hydraulic accessories is important for ensuring optimal system performance.
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Accessory Components in Hydraulic Systems
- 1. Accessory Components in Hydraulic Systems By Krupa Vara Prasad M.Tech (Automobile Engineering) Department of Automobile Engineering Hindustan Institute of Technology and Science.
- 2. Necessity of Accessories 1. To Increase the efficiency namely Accumulators that store fluid energy. 2. To control the system, such as pressure switches to ON/OFF the system. 3. To measure – either pressure and flow. 4. To minimize the number of fittings – namely manifold.
- 3. List of Accessories used in Hydraulic Systems 1. Accumulators 2. Pressure Switches 3. Pressure Gauges 4. Flow Meters 5. Manifolds 6. Pressure Intensifiers
- 4. Accumulators Purpose and its types They are used to 1. Store energy and supply when needed. 2. Serve as leakage compensators. 3. Serve as emergency power sources. 4. Serve as shock absorbers. Types: 1. Weight loaded Type 2. Spring loaded Type 3. Gas loaded Type
- 5. Types of Accumulator Weight Loaded Accumulator
- 6. Types of Accumulators Spring Loaded Accumulator
- 7. Gas Loaded Accumulator • These accumulators obey Boyle’s Law. • They use compressed gas to give the dynamic force. • They are used in almost all industrial applications. • They are also called as “Hydro-Pneumatic Accumulators.”
- 8. Classification of Gas Loaded Accumulators Gas Loaded Accumulators Non Separator Type Separator Type Piston Type Diaphragm Type Bladder Type
- 9. Gas Loaded Accumulator Types Non - Separator Type
- 10. Separator Type Accumulators Piston Type Accumulators
- 11. Piston Type Accumulators Disadvantages 1. It is very expensive to manufacture. 2. Piston and seal friction is a problem in low pressure system. 3. There is always a leakage due to long period frequent pre-charging. 4. They cannot be used as pressure pulsation dampers and shock absorbers due to inertia of piston and friction of seals.
- 12. Separator Type Accumulators Bladder Type Accumulators
- 14. Pressure Switches Types of Pressure Switches: 1. Diaphragm Type 2. Bourdon Tube Type 3. Sealed Piston Type 4. Dia-seal Piston Type
- 15. Pressure Gauges • Pressure Gauges are used to measure the pressure level in the hydraulic system. • Mostly Bourdon Tube pressure gauges were widely used.
- 16. Flow Meters • Used to measure the amount of flow in an hydraulic system.
- 18. Conclusion Accumulator is heart of the Hydraulic System. Pressure should be calculated carefully while designing a hydraulic system. An engineer should be aware of hydraulic accessories and its performance characteristics. An engineer should asses the system requirements and choose the right hydraulic accessory related to pressure maintenance in circuit. Hydraulic accessories should be maintained properly. Pressure intensifiers is an important component in Hydraulic System.
- 19. References 1. Hydraulics and Pneumatics Control by K. Shamuga Sundaram, S.Chand Publications. 2. Wikipedia Inc. 3. Hydraulics and Pneumatics https://www.hydraulicsandpneumatics.com 4. Hydraulic Valve https://www.valvehydraulic.info/ 5. Hydraulic Machinery Control http://www.iranfluidpower.com/pdf/All%20hydraulics/Accumulator s.pdf 6. Modern Industrial Hydraulics http://www.modernhydraulics.net
- 20. THANK YOU
Editor's Notes
- Before going into detail: What is Hydraulics? History of Hydraulics? Advantage of Hydraulics?
- Basic definition of Accumulator: Accumulators are devices that are used to store energy of the fluid (potential energy) in the hydraulic system under pressure created by an external source (Pump/surges/increase in system pressure etc.) against the dynamic force (weight or gravity, pressurized gas or mechanical force by springs.)
- Brief Points: It is the oldest type of accumulator. It consists of strong vertical mounted cylindrical shell incorporated with piston to prevent leakage. A dead weight is attached at the top of the piston. Due to dead weight, large force of gravity is given on piston; that provides potential energy in the accumulator. It is also called as Gravity Type Accumulator. Advantages: It creates constant fluid pressure. Pressure can be changed with change in weight. Disadvantages: Extremely large in size and weight. Unable to portable and not used in mobile applications.
- Similar to Gravity type accumulator. It is loaded with compressed spring instead of weight on piston. Spring force acts against piston and forces the fluid in to the system when needed. Limitations: Disadvantages: Pressure exerted on the fluid is not constant. Spring would be subjected to fatigue and would loose its elasticity when used in large cycle rate applications.
- Boyle’s Law: At constant Temperature, Pressure is inversely proportional to its Volume.
- Brief about Non-separator Type Accumulator: It is made of enclosed shell. It has oil port opening at bottom and gas-charging valve on top. There is no physical separator between oil and gas. The gas directly pushes the oil. Advantages: This type has the ability to handle large volumes of oil. Disadvantages: They have to be mounted in vertical position. The gas is entrapped in to oil as there is no separator. They cannot be used for high speed pumps as they entrapped air may cause cavitations. The entrapped air makes oil compressible. This results in spongy operation of hydraulic actuators.
- First Points: Separator Type Accumulators: It is most common accepted gas charged accumulator. There is a physical barrier between oil and gas. The barrier effectively utilizes the compressibility of gases. Slide points: Piston Type Accumulators: It consists of a cylinder and a freely floating piston with O-ring seals. The piston acts as barrier between oil and gas. There is a threaded lock ring that provides a safety feature. The threaded lock prevents the operator from dismantling the unit while it is pre-charged. Advantages: It has ability to handle very high or low temperature system fluids by utilization of compatible O-ring seals.
- Introduction and Working of Bladder Type Accumulators: There is an elastic barrier called ‘Bladder’ between oil and gas. Bladder can be installed and removed through the shell opening at the poppet valve. Poppet valve closes the inlet valve when the bladder is fully expanded. This prevents the bladder from entering into the opening. A shock – absorbing device protects the valve against accidental shocks during quick opening. The shell is made of steel.
- Advantages of Bladder Type Accumulator: It has positive sealing between gas and oil chambers. The lightweight ladder provides quick response for pressure regulating, pump pulsation and shock damping applications.
- Introduction to Pressure Switches: It is an instrument which operation depends on change in pressure. It contains a pressure sensing element, operates opening and closing of electrical switch at predefined pressure points. Operating pressure ranges of different pressure switches: Diaphragm type - Vacuum to 150 psi Bourdon type – 50 psi to 18000 psi Sealed Piston type – 15 psi – 12000 psi Dia-seal piston type – 0.5 to 1600 psi
- Whenever a hydraulic system with high pressure and high volume flow for a long period of time, a Pressure Intensifier is used. This component directly applies Pascal’s law. Outlet Pressure = (Inlet Pressure x Area of Inlet Pressure)/ Area of Outlet Pressure.