Academic Writing – Using and citing sources of ideas, Article, Report, Case, proposal writing, Group Discussions, Software for learning to assess similarities/originality with other texts/papers/reports.

1. Academic Writing

2. Academic Writing – Using and citing sources of ideas,
Article, Report, Case, proposal writing, Group
Discussions, Software for learning to assess
similarities/originality with other texts/papers/reports.

3. Plagiarism
• Plagiarism is usually defined as a discrete
offense, a specific failure to give credit to a
particular source.
• Plagiarism is the use of another’s work, words,
or ideas without attribution. The word
“plagiarism” comes from the Latin word for
“kidnapper” and is considered a form of theft,
a breach of honesty in the academic
community.

4. Three categories of plagiarisms
• Plagiarism takes many forms, but it falls into
three main categories:
• using a source’s language without quoting
• using information from a source without
attribution, and
• paraphrasing a source in a form that stays too
close to the original.

5. Why Cite?
• When you cite a source, you show how your
voice enters into an intellectual conversation
and you demonstrate your link to the
community within which you work.
• Working with sources can inspire your own
ideas and enrich them, and your citation of
these sources is the visible trace of that debt
http://writing.yalecollege.yale.edu/advice-students/using-sources/principles-citing-sources

6. Why are there different Citation
Styles?
• Academic disciplines have varying expectations for
how to list citation information; in some instances,
even two journals in the same field will use different
styles.
• We will discuss three main styles of citing sources
• MLA – Modern Language Association
• APA-American Psychology Association
• Chicago Footnotes Style

7. Citation Styles
• The first two styles i.e. MLA and APA are known as “in-text”
citation styles, which means that you give some information
about the source directly after the quotation, but leave the
rest to a list of References (APA) or Works Cited (MLA) at the
end of the paper.
• (1) MLA style, defined by the Modern Language Association,
is most common in the humanities
• (2) APA style, defined by the American Psychological
Association, is most common in the social sciences. Although
the author’s name is an important element in APA citations,
this style emphasizes the year the source was published,
rather than the page number, which allows a reader to see
quickly how the research you’re writing about has evolved
over time.

8. Citation Styles continued……
• The alternative to in-text citation is to use
footnotes, which give source information at
the bottom of the page. The footnote style we
demonstrate here is called Chicago style,
defined by the University of Chicago. Chicago
style is especially popular in historical
research.

9. Official websites of these citation
styles
• Official sites:
http://www.mla.org
http://www.apastyle.org/
http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/index.html

10. Citing Articles
• Article in a book
1. MLA Style
[Author of the Article] [Title of the Article]
[Title of the Book]
[“Ed.” book editor(s) by first name.] [city of publication: publisher, year.] [page numbers.]
Example : Bialostosky, Don H. “Liberal Education, Writing, and the Dialogic Self.”
Contending with Words: Composition and Rhetoric in a Postmodern Age
Ed. Patricia Harkin & John Schilb. New York: MLA, 1991. 11-22.
2. APA Style
[last name, initial.] [(year).] [title of article, no quotation marks.]
[In editor(s) of book,] [title of book in italics]
[(page numbers of article).] [city of publication: publisher.]
Example :Bialostosky, D. H. (1991). Liberal education, writing, and the dialogic self.
In P. Harkin & J. Schilb (Eds.), Contending with words: composition and rhetoric in a
postmodern age (pp. 11-22). New York: MLA
3.Chicago Style
[fn. #.] [author last name, “shortened title,” page quoted.]
[Note: In the Bibliography, Chicago style adds “In” before the book’s title.]
Example 7. Bialostosky, “Liberal Education,” 17.

11. Article in a journal
• MLA:
Masri, Heather A. “Carnival Laughter in the Pardoner’s Tale.”
Medieval
[author of article.] [“title of article.”]
Perspectives X (1995): 148-156.
[title of journal.] [volume number] [(year):] [full page numbers for
article.]
• APA:
Masri, H. A. (1995). Carnival laughter in the pardoner’s tale.
[author of article.][(year).] [title of article, no quotation marks.]
Medieval Perspectives X, pp. 148-156.
[title of journal] [volume number,] [full page numbers for article.]
• Chicago:
8. Masri, “Carnival Laughter,” 151.
[fn. #.] [author last name, “shortened title,” page quoted.]

12. Article in a magazine
• MLA:
Considine, J. D. “Radical Shriek.” Guitar World. Dec. 1999:
62+.
[author by last name.] [“article title.”] [magazine title.]
[issue date:] [first page number and “+.”]
• APA:
Considine, J. D. (1999, December). Radical shriek. Guitar
World. 62-68, 210-214.
[author by last name.] [(issue date).] [article title, no
quotation marks] [magazine title,] [full page numbers.]
• Chicago:
9. Considine, “Radical Shriek,” 212.
[fn. #.] [author last name, “title,” page quoted.]

13. Citing a Case Study
• In MLA7: Hill Linda, Tarun Khanna, and Emily
A. Stecker. HCL Technologies. Boston: Harvard
Business Publishing, 2008. Print.
• In APA: Hill, L., Khanna,T., & Stecker, E. A.
(2008). HCL Technologies. Boston: Harvard
Business Publishing.
• In Chicago: Hill Linda, Tarun Khanna, and Emily
A. Stecker. HCL Technologies. Boston: Harvard
Business Publishing, 2008

14. Citing a report
• References to a report must include the
following elements: author(s), date of
publication, title, place of publication, and
name of publisher. If the issuing organization
assigned a number (e.g., report number,
contract number, or monograph number) to
the report, give that number in parentheses
immediately after the title. If it was accessed
online, include the URL.

15. Examples for citing a report
• MLA Style - After you discuss information from a research report, use
an in-text citation within parentheses. Insert the last name of the
author and page number of the material
Example (Doe 230)
• APA Style - format references to technical and research reports and
other gray literature as you would a book retrieved online
Example 2012 annual report of the American
Psychological Association. Retrieved from http://www.apa.org/pubs
/info/reports/2012-report.pdf
• Chicago Style - Author First Name/Initial Surname, Title: subtitle (Place
of Publication: Publisher, Year), page #(if there is one).
Example 1. Hazel V. Clark, Mesopotamia: Between Two Rivers
(Mesopotamia, OH: End of the Commons General Store, 1957).

16. Proposal Writing and Citations
• downs359_Research_Proposal_Guidelines_S
p_2012.pdf

17. Citing Group Discussions
• downsCiting a Class Lecture1 presentations
and discussions.pdf

18. Software for learning to assess similarities/originality
with other texts/papers/reports.
• Turnitin - Papers submitted to Turnitin may be compared
against billions of internet documents, archived internet
data that is no longer available on the live web, a local
repository of previously submitted papers, and subscription
repository of periodicals, journals, and publications. The
comparison may be against any or all of these repositories
as set on a specific assignment by the instructor of the
class.
• The comparison document is called an Originality Report.
This document details the matching or similar text between
a submission made on Turnitin and the documents the
submission was compared against. This document is listed
in the instructor’s view of the class assignment inbox

19. Similarity Index
• Similarity Index
• The color of the report icon is linked to one of five tiers
of the Similarity Index. This is based on the amount of
matching text found by the repository comparison. The
possible similarity index percentage ranges are linked
to a corresponding color:
• blue (no matching words)
• green (one matching word - 24% similarity index)
• yellow (25-49% similarity index)
• orange (50-74% similarity index)
• red (75-100% similarity index)

20. Viper
• Viper is fast becoming the plagiarism checker
of choice, rising over and above other
plagiarism checkers, with over 10 billion
resources scanned and an easy interface
which highlights potential areas of plagiarism
in your work

21. Thank You.