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Academic Writing
Approaching the writing of your literature
review
C.L.TUPLING
Outline
Writing a Literature Review

A Writing Strategy

Review Entries

Organising your review

Using your sources

Developing your argument

Criticality

Writing your Review
C.L.TUPLING
Writing a Literature Review
Demonstrates skills &
capabilities

Identifies & analyses
major texts

Demonstrates
systematic reasoning
C.L.TUPLING
A Writing Strategy
Your first draft should
not be your final
product

Be prepared to ditch
words

Use feedback
C.L.TUPLING
"The irony of seeing writing as the grand
conclusion to weeks of research is that is
serves as a deterrent to writing in the first
place" (Cuba and Cocking, 1997: 2)
C.L.TUPLING
Draft 1
Language not precise - what does 1st sentence
mean?

Assumes background knowledge

Too much included in one paragraph
C.L.TUPLING
Draft 2
Theme and purpose of 1st paragraph unclear

A deeper, more explicit level of analysis is needed

Contains a lot of information but lacks a point
C.L.TUPLING
Draft 3
Contains description of 1st paragraph with more
analysis

Significance of findings is stated, and references
added

Examples from 1st paragraph are now grouped
with further illustration
C.L.TUPLING
Review Entries
Complete bibliographic reference

Identify the major questions

Define the methods of investigation

Identify the major variables

Describe the study population

State the outcomes of the research 

Note the author(s)’ own evaluation 

Your personal reflection
C.L.TUPLING
Organising your Review
Chronologically

Historical context of a
topic
Topically

Organised according to
concepts or issues
C.L.TUPLING
Using your sources
Avoid listing
summaries

Adopt a selective
approach

Highlight the ‘key’ text
Grundy’s (1991) exploration of
cider drinking cultures in rural Borsetshire
revealed that rituals surrounding apple
collecting were examples of social class
performances.
C.L.TUPLING
USE OTHER STUDIES TO INDICATE THAT THEY BROADLY SUPPORT THE KEY TEXT
Studies by Archer (1996) Aldridge (2006) and Hebdon-Lloyd
(2013) have come to similar conclusions following studies of
the night-time economy in nearby Felpersham
C.L.TUPLING
Developing your argument
Your review needs to
be a structured
argument

Needs to contain:

Knowledge elements

Argumentational
elements
C.L.TUPLING
Knowledge elements
Description of previous work

The development of the issue

The importance of the issue as identified by other
researchers
C.L.TUPLING
Argumentational elements
A discussion of the limitations of previous
literature on this topic

A proposal for action (could be research)

A discussion of the benefits from the proposal

A defence to potential objections
C.L.TUPLING
Criticality (From Hart, 1998)
Agreeing with or defending a position, or claiming its usefulness
through evaluation

Conceding the usefulness of an existing approach

Focusing on ideas, theories & arguments

Acknowledgement of own stance

Selecting elements from existing arguments & reformulating them

Finding fault in an argument by identifying fallacies, lack of
evidence, plausibility and inadequacies

Identifying errors in criticism that others have made
C.L.TUPLING
Writing your Review
Structure your review

Define your purpose

Select the structure appropriate to your argument

Use structure to support your reasoning

Write your first draft

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Academic writing

  • 1. Academic Writing Approaching the writing of your literature review
  • 2. C.L.TUPLING Outline Writing a Literature Review A Writing Strategy Review Entries Organising your review Using your sources Developing your argument Criticality Writing your Review
  • 3. C.L.TUPLING Writing a Literature Review Demonstrates skills & capabilities Identifies & analyses major texts Demonstrates systematic reasoning
  • 4. C.L.TUPLING A Writing Strategy Your first draft should not be your final product Be prepared to ditch words Use feedback
  • 5. C.L.TUPLING "The irony of seeing writing as the grand conclusion to weeks of research is that is serves as a deterrent to writing in the first place" (Cuba and Cocking, 1997: 2)
  • 6. C.L.TUPLING Draft 1 Language not precise - what does 1st sentence mean? Assumes background knowledge Too much included in one paragraph
  • 7. C.L.TUPLING Draft 2 Theme and purpose of 1st paragraph unclear A deeper, more explicit level of analysis is needed Contains a lot of information but lacks a point
  • 8. C.L.TUPLING Draft 3 Contains description of 1st paragraph with more analysis Significance of findings is stated, and references added Examples from 1st paragraph are now grouped with further illustration
  • 9. C.L.TUPLING Review Entries Complete bibliographic reference Identify the major questions Define the methods of investigation Identify the major variables Describe the study population State the outcomes of the research Note the author(s)’ own evaluation Your personal reflection
  • 10. C.L.TUPLING Organising your Review Chronologically Historical context of a topic Topically Organised according to concepts or issues
  • 11. C.L.TUPLING Using your sources Avoid listing summaries Adopt a selective approach Highlight the ‘key’ text Grundy’s (1991) exploration of cider drinking cultures in rural Borsetshire revealed that rituals surrounding apple collecting were examples of social class performances.
  • 12. C.L.TUPLING USE OTHER STUDIES TO INDICATE THAT THEY BROADLY SUPPORT THE KEY TEXT Studies by Archer (1996) Aldridge (2006) and Hebdon-Lloyd (2013) have come to similar conclusions following studies of the night-time economy in nearby Felpersham
  • 13. C.L.TUPLING Developing your argument Your review needs to be a structured argument Needs to contain: Knowledge elements Argumentational elements
  • 14. C.L.TUPLING Knowledge elements Description of previous work The development of the issue The importance of the issue as identified by other researchers
  • 15. C.L.TUPLING Argumentational elements A discussion of the limitations of previous literature on this topic A proposal for action (could be research) A discussion of the benefits from the proposal A defence to potential objections
  • 16. C.L.TUPLING Criticality (From Hart, 1998) Agreeing with or defending a position, or claiming its usefulness through evaluation Conceding the usefulness of an existing approach Focusing on ideas, theories & arguments Acknowledgement of own stance Selecting elements from existing arguments & reformulating them Finding fault in an argument by identifying fallacies, lack of evidence, plausibility and inadequacies Identifying errors in criticism that others have made
  • 17. C.L.TUPLING Writing your Review Structure your review Define your purpose Select the structure appropriate to your argument Use structure to support your reasoning Write your first draft