As universities strive to ensure academic integrity for students, teachers and researchers, this workshop presentation explores the meaning of the term and its importance for university students. Specific issues addressed include plagiarism and why the acknowledgement of sources is important for students, as well as how students can work together with universities to produce a culture of academic integrity.

1. Academic Integrity
What Does This Term
Mean For Students?
Presented by Dr. Thomas Lancaster
at University of Montenegro
on Monday 7 November 2016
http://thomaslancaster.co.uk
thomas@thomaslancaster.co.uk
@DrLancaster

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About The Academic Integrity
Workshop For Students

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Questions To Answer During The Workshop
What is academic integrity?
Why is academic integrity important?
What bearing does the term have on student life?
What is the problem of plagiarism within a wider culture of
academic integrity?
How can you support the teaching staff you work with to maintain
academic integrity?

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About Dr. Thomas Lancaster
Principal Lecturer (Computing) at Coventry University, United Kingdom
Academic background in computer programming and mathematics
Regular international speaker on academic integrity, student cheating
and contract cheating (students buying ghost written work)
Part of the Coventry University team representing the European
Network for Academic Integrity (ENAI)
Conducting research for South East European Project on Policies for
Academic Integrity (SEEPPAI)
Twitter: @DrLancaster
Email: thomas@thomaslancaster.co.uk
Slides: http://www.slideshare.net/ThomasLancaster
Speaking to BBC TV in
the United Kingdom

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European Network for Academic Integrity (ENAI)
A newly formed network of 12 European partners (and growing) with
opportunities for students to join
Lead partner is Mendel University in Brno, Czech Republic
The network aims to develop resources and materials promoting and
supporting academic integrity
Holds annual conferences (next one in Brno on 24 to 26 May 2017)
https://www.academicintegrity.eu

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South East European Project on Policies for Academic
Integrity (SEEPPAI)
Investigating Higher Education approaches to plagiarism and academic
misconduct across six countries
Funded by the Council of Europe (CoE) with completion due by 1 April 2017
Consortium between Mendel University in Brno, Czech Republic and Coventry
University, United Kingdom
Collecting data to investigate the policies towards academic integrity that take
place in individual universities and on a national level
http://plagiarism.cz/seeppai

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SEEPPAI Online Student Survey
Please complete the online student survey after the workshop
http://plagiarism.cz/seeppai

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With Thanks To Irene Glendinning
Irene is also representing Coventry
University working on the SEEPPAI
project. She works tirelessly to
promote academic integrity. Several
slides in this presentation are based on
her ideas.
https://uk.linkedin.com/in/irene-glendinning-81013752

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What Is Academic Integrity?

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Academic Integrity For Students (1)
Academic Integrity
means not cheating
http://www.gsm-earpiece.com/howto/tips-on-cheating-exam

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Academic Integrity For Students (2)
Academic Integrity is
not aiding others in
cheating
http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/asia/hundreds-arrested-following-indian-exam-cheating-scandal-10125509.html

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Academic Integrity For Students (3)
Academic Integrity is
not being complacent
when other people are
cheating

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Academic Integrity For Students (4)
Academic Integrity is
understanding and
using proper academic
conventions
Main Essay Body
Hersey and Lancaster (2015) discussed the
implications of online services offering to write
work for students. They found that…
References
Hersey, C. and Lancaster, T. (2015). The Online
Industry of Paper Mills, Contract Cheating
Services, and Auction Sites, Clute Institute
International Education Conference, London,
June 2015

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Academic Integrity For Students (5)
Academic Integrity is
displaying rigour in
academic research
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
18-21 22-30 31-40 41-50 51-60 61-100
HowLikelyStudentsAreToCheat
Student Age Range
How Likely Are Students In Different Age Ranges To
Cheat?
Made Up Data!

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Academic Integrity For Universities (1)
Academic Integrity is
maintaining academic
standards
https://pixabay.com/en/graduation-man-cap-gown-education-879941/

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Academic Integrity For Universities (2)
Academic
Integrity is
acknowledging
everyone’s
contributions
http://www.bcu.ac.uk/Download/Asset/e822f1c3-8b1b-4ce5-a6eb-b74ebdfba6ad

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Academic Integrity For Universities (3)
Academic
Integrity is
ensuring
excellent
teaching
Academic
Integrity is
treating all
students
equitably
https://pixabay.com/en/teacher-silhouette-black-isolated-309533

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Academic Integrity For All
Academic Integrity is
“doing the right
thing when nobody
is watching”
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Half_target_eyes.svg

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Activity – What Is Plagiarism?

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If a student buys an essay from a web site and uses the text
provided without changing it, is it:
1. Serious plagiarism
2. Plagiarism
3. Not sure
4. Poor academic practice
5. None of the above
Question 1

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If a student buys an essay from a web site and uses the text
provided but makes a few changes to it, is it:
1. Serious plagiarism
2. Plagiarism
3. Not sure
4. Poor academic practice
5. None of the above
Question 2

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If a student copies a piece of work from another student, is it:
1. Serious plagiarism
2. Plagiarism
3. Not sure
4. Poor academic practice
5. None of the above
Question 3

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If two students work closely together and then hand in similar
work, is it:
1. Serious plagiarism
2. Plagiarism
3. Not sure
4. Poor academic practice
5. None of the above
Question 4

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If a student finds an answer on the Internet in English, then
translates that answer, is it:
1. Serious plagiarism
2. Plagiarism
3. Not sure
4. Poor academic practice
5. None of the above
Question 5

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Defining Plagiarism

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My Standard Definition
Taking words or ideas from
someone else and then
using these words or ideas
without acknowledgement

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Why does plagiarism
happen?
Discussion Question

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A Few Reasons Why Students Plagiarise
Students don’t understand what plagiarism is
They have always plagiarised
They’ve run of time
It is too easy to plagiarise
They are lazy!
Other students are also doing this

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Why is plagiarism
wrong?
Discussion Question

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A Few Reasons Why Plagiarism Is Wrong
It is dishonest for the student to claim to have done the work
Not giving credit to the originator of the work
Unfair to other students
Damages the reputation of the university
Means that students don’t learn the subject
The lack of learning leads to later failure

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How is plagiarism
detected?
Discussion Question

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Some Ways In Which Plagiarism Is Detected
The writing style seems wrong
Found by text matching software
Found using Google and search engines
The student can’t answer questions about the work
Other students report the cheating

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Remember - Sources Are Valuable
They give credit to the original authors
They show how you have used wider knowledge to influence
your work
They demonstrate your awareness of outside research
They add academic value and credibility
They allow people to follow up your research and find out more

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How Can You Help Improve
Academic Integrity?

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Reminder - Online Student Survey
Please complete the online student survey after the workshop
http://plagiarism.cz/seeppai

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#defeatthecheat
From International
Day Of Action
https://twitter.com/search?f=images&q=%23defeatthecheat

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You Can
Show Academic
Integrity
Leadership
Through Example

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Further Information

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Dr. Thomas Lancaster
Email: thomas@thomaslancaster.co.uk
Website: http://thomaslancaster.co.uk
Blog: http://thomaslancaster.co.uk/blog
LinkedIn: https://uk.linkedin.com/in/thomaslancaster
Twitter: @DrLancaster
General Resources:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contract_cheating
http://contractcheating.com
Contract Cheating Special Interest Group
(originally supported by the Higher Education Academy):
https://www.jiscmail.ac.uk/cgi-
bin/webadmin?A0=CONTRACTCHEATING

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Lancaster, T. and Clarke, R. (2015). Contract Cheating – The Outsourcing Of Assessed Student Work, in Handbook of Academic Integrity, Bretag, T. (editor): SpringerReference.
Lancaster, T. and Clarke, R. (2015). The Implications of Plagiarism and Contract Cheating for the Assessment of Database Modules. 13th International Workshop on Teaching, Learning and Assessment of Databases (TLAD
2015), Birmingham, UK, July 2015.
Hersey, C. and Lancaster, T. (2015). The Online Industry of Paper Mills, Contract Cheating Services, and Auction Sites, Clute Institute International Education Conference, London, June 2015.
Lancaster, T. and Clarke, R. (2014). An Observational Analysis Of The Range And Extent Of Contract Cheating From Online Courses Found On Agency Websites; 8th International Conference on Complex, Intelligent and
Software Intensive Systems (CISIS 2014), Birmingham City University, UK, July 2014.
Lancaster, T. and Clarke, R. (2014). An Initial Analysis Of The Contextual Information Available Within Auction Posts On Contract Cheating Agency Websites, 28th IEEE International Conference on Advanced Information
Networking and Applications, University of Victoria, May 2014
Lancaster, T. and Clarke, R. (2014). Using Turnitin As A Tool For Attribution In Cases Of Contract Cheating; 3rd Annual Higher Education Academy Conference in Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics, University
of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, April 2014.
Clarke, R. and Lancaster, T. (2013). Commercial Aspects Of Contract Cheating; 8th Annual Conference on Innovation and Technology in Computer Science Education, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK, July 2013.
Lancaster, T and Clarke, R (2012). Dealing With Contract Cheating: A Question Of Attribution; 1st Annual Higher Education Academy Conference in Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics, Imperial College,
London, April 2012.
Lancaster, T and Clarke, R (2010). Staff-Led Individualised Assessment – A Case Study; 11th Annual Higher Education Academy Conference in Information and Computer Sciences, Durham University, August 2010.
Lancaster, T and Clarke, R (2008). How to Succeed at Cheating Without Really Trying: Five Top Tips for Successful Cheating; 9th Annual Higher Education Academy Conference in Information and Computer Sciences,
Liverpool Hope University, August 2008.
Clarke, R, and Lancaster, T (2007). Establishing a Systematic Six-Stage Process for Detecting Contract Cheating; The Second International Conference on Pervasive Computing and Applications, Birmingham City University,
July 2007.
Lancaster, T and Clarke, R (2007). Assessing Contract Cheating Through Auction Sites – A Computing Perspective; 8th Annual Higher Education Academy Conference in Information and Computer Sciences, University of
Southampton, August 2007.
Lancaster, T and Clarke, R (2007). The Phenomena of Contract Cheating, in Student Plagiarism in an Online World: Problems and solutions, Roberts, T. S. (editor), Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA: Idea Group Inc.
Clarke, R and Lancaster, T (2006). Eliminating The Successor To Plagiarism? Identifying The Usage Of Contract Cheating Sites; 2nd Plagiarism: Prevention, Practice and Policy Conference 2006 - Newcastle, UK, June 2006.
Culwin F. and Lancaster T. (2001), Plagiarism Issues for Higher Education. Vine 31(2), pp. 36-41.
Some References For My Academic Integrity Publications