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1. ABSTRAK
2018. Pola Intonasi Kalimat Bahasa Indonesia Anak Autis. Disertasi. Program
Studi Pendidikan Bahasa dan Sastra, Program Pascasarjana Universitas Negeri
Surabaya. Pembimbing (I)
Kata kunci: pola intonasi, kalimat bahasa Indonesia, autis
Penelitian ini meneliti tentang kalimat bahasa Indonesia anak autis. Ruang lingkup
masalah penelitian ini adalah pola intonasi kalimat. Objek penelitian ini adalah pola intonasi
kalimat bahasa Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan pola intonasi
kalimat bahasa indonesia anak autis. Pola intonasi kalimat bahasa Indonesia yang dimaksud
dalam penelitian ini meliputi pola intonasi kalimat deklaratif, pola intonasi kalimat
interogatif, dan pola intonasi kalimat imperatif.
Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan penelitian kualitatif yang digunakan untuk
mendeskripsikan pola intonasi kalimat bahasa Indonesia anak autis. Metode yang digunakan
adalah metode padan dengan alat penentu organ wicara dan dengan metode fonetis
artikulatoris. Sumber data penelitian adalah anak autis SDLB Talitakum Semarang yang
berusia 10-15 tahun, anak autis produktif, tinggal di Semarang, dan berdialek Jawa.
Berdasarkan hasil analisis data tuturan anak autis diperoleh hasil pola intonasi kalimat
deklaratif yang tergolong berdasarkan jenis kalimat yaitu kalimat kata tunggal dan kalimat
kombinasi kata. Selain itu pola kalimat juga terbagi antara pola inatonasi yang disertai
dengan puncak kontur. Dalam kalimat interogatif tuturan anak autis terdapat jeda dan tekanan
sehingga dalam gambar kontur terdapat puncak kontur. Puncak kontur tersebut menunjukan
adanya tekanan dalam tuturan interogatif anak autis.
Diskusi hasil penelitian diperoleh mengenai kalimat bahasa Indonesia yang dituturkan
anak autis meliputi kalimat tunggal dan kalimat kombinasi kata. Pola Intonasi kalimat Bahasa
Indonesia tuturan anak autis ditandai dengan nada rendah (1), sedang (2), dan tinggi (3). Pola
tersebut digunakan untuk menandai pola intonasi kalimat Bahasa Indonesia.
Terdapat kevariasian pola intonasi kalimat deklaratif tuturan anak autis. Baik kalimat
deklaratif positif maupun negatif. Pola kalimat tersebut dilihat berdasarkan letak pola intonasi
yaitu intonasi akhir yang menandai kalimat deklaratif. Pola intonasi akhir yang dimunculkan
mengunakan kata terakhir kalimat deklaratif. Berdasarkan kata terakhir kalimat deklaratif
terdapat 12 pola intonasi kalimat dekalaratif.
Tuturan interogatif anak autis memiliki kevariasian pola kalimat. Dalam menuturkan
kalimat interogatif tidak semua kalimat interogatif diawali dengan kata tanya. Letak kata
tanya yang digunakan ada yang berada di tengak kalimat atau akhir kalimat. Selain itu dalam
kalimat ada yang tidak menggunakan kata tanya melainkan diakhiri dengan intonasi bertanya.
Kalimat imperatif tuturan anak autis memiliki maksud memerintah, melarang, dan
mangajak mitra tutur melakukan suatu tindakan. Kalimat imperatif diakhiri dengan intonasi
final tanda seru (!). Tuturan anak autis membentuk pola intonasi yang variatif. Anak autis
tidak menggunakan sufiks-lah pada tuturan imperatif. Anak autis cenderung menggunakan
sufiks -kan pada tuturan imperatif. Sufik -kan yang digunakan anak autis pada tuturan
imperatif memiliki maksud memerintah kepada mitra tutur.
Pola Intonasi kalimat bahasa Indonesia anak autis dapat dijelaskan dalam
pembahasan linguistik berupa: 1) bentuk kalimat; 2) letak kata acuan; 3) topik kalimat; 4)
perkembangan ucapan kata; dan 5) panjang pendek kalimat.
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2. Terdapat kevariasian pola intonasi kalimat deklaratif tuturan anak autis disimbolkan
dengan pola intonasi akhir 21t#, 22t#, 31t#, 231t#, 222t#, 23t#, 3t#, 32t#, 232t#, 221t#,
3n2t#, 321t#. Pola yang paling banyak muncul yaitu 21t# dan 22t#. Pola yang sedang yaitu
222t# dan 23t#. Pola intonasi yang jarang muncul ada empat yaitu 232t#, 221t#, 3n2t#, dan
321t#. Anak autis kecenderungan menggunakan intonasi rendah dengan nada turun pada
tuturan deklaratif. Itu menunjukkan anak autis berusaha menginformasikan dan
mengungkapanan apa yang dirasakan dan ingin disampaikan kepada mitra tutur walaupun
terkadang tuturan tersebut perlu pemahaman intonasi yang digunakan anak dan pemahaman
di luar konteks.
Kevariasian pola intonasi kalimat interogatif tuturan anak autis disimbolkan 21t#,
22t#, 23t#, 3t#, 23n#, 3n#, 1t#, 323t#, dan 321t#. Pola intonasi interogatif yang sering muncul
yaitu 21t# dan 23t#. Pola intonasi yang biasa saja yaitu 23n#. Pola yang jarang muncul yaitu
1t#, 323t#, dan 321t#. Itu menunjukkan anak autis menuturkan kalimat interogatif dengan
intonasi rendah dengan nada turun dan intonasi tinggi dengan nada turun.
Kevariasian pola intonasi kalimat imperatif tuturan anak autis disimbolkan 22t#,
23n#, 3n#, 23t#, 3t#, 32t#, 21t#, 223t#, dan 232t#. Pola intonasi yang sering muncul yaitu
22t# dan 23n#. Pola yang biasa muncul yaitu 3t# dan 32t#. Pola yang jarang muncul yaitu
21t#, 223t#, dan 232t#. Ini menunjukkan anak autis menuturkan kalimat imperatif dengan
intonasi sedang dengan nada turun dan intonasi tinggi dengan nada naik.
Penelitian ini berguna bagi guru, orang tua, dan Pendidikan. Orang tua khususnya
orang tua yang putra putrinya autis diharapkan memahami penggumaan bahasa Indonesia
yang benar, baik, dan memiliki sikap untuk peduli mengenai tuturan anak. Guru diharapkan
lebih memahami pembelajaran bahasa Indonesia yang benar, baik, dan peduli akan kondisi
anak ketika anak berbicara menggunakan kalimat bahasa Indonesia. Pendidikan, khususnya
Lembaga Pendidikan di perguruan tinggi dibidang Pendidikan diharapkan Adanya tambahan
mata kuliah Pendidikan anak berkemampuan khusus dan di program studi Pendidikan
berkemampuan khusus Adanya mata kuliah pembelajaran bahasa Indonesia.
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3. ABSTRACT
2018. Intonation Pattern of Indonesian Sentence of Children with Autism.
Dissertation of Study Program of Language and Literature, Postgraduate Program of
Surabaya State University. Supervisor (I):
Supervisor (II):
Keywords: intonation pattern, Indonesian sentence, autism
This research discussed Indonesian sentence spoken by children with autism. The scope of
this research was sentence intonation pattern. The object of this research was intonation pattern
of Indonesian sentence. This research was aimed to describe the intonation pattern of Indonesian
sentence spoken by children with autism. Intonation of Indonesian sentence in this research
covered intonation of declarative sentence, interrogative sentence and imperative sentence.
This research used qualitative research approach which was used to describe intonation
pattern of Indonesian sentence spoken by children with autism. The method which was used was
match method with speech organ determiner tool and articulatory-phonetic method. The resource
of the data of this research was children with autism from SDLB (Elementary School for
Children with Special Needs) Talitakum of Semarang who were 10—15 years old. The children
were productive children with autism who lived in Semarang and used Javanese dialect.
Based on the analysis result of data of utterance of children with autism, it was found
that intonation pattern of declarative sentence was categorized based on the type of the sentence
(single sentence and word combination sentence). In addition, sentence pattern was also
categorized based on final contour. In the interrogative sentence spoken by children with autism,
there were juncture and pressure and therefore there was final contour in the graph. The final
contour showed the pressure in the interrogative utterance of children with autism.
From the research result, it was found that Indonesian sentence spoken by children with
autism covered single sentence and word combination sentence. The intonation pattern of
Indonesian sentence spoken by children with autism was marked with low (1), moderate (2) and
high (3) tone. The pattern was used to mark intonation pattern of Indonesian sentence.
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4. There was variety of intonation pattern of declarative sentence spoken by children with
autism (both positive declarative sentence and negative declarative sentence). The sentence
pattern was seen based on the location of intonation pattern, that is final intonation which marked
the declarative sentence. The final intonation pattern used the final word of declarative sentence.
Based on the final word of declarative sentence, there were 12 intonation patterns of declarative
sentence.
Interrogative utterance from children with autism has variation of sentence pattern. Not
every interrogative sentence from children with autism is started with question word. The
question word can be located in the middle or in the end of the sentence. In addition, some
sentences do not have question word but these sentence are ended with questioning intonation.
Imperative sentence uttered by children with autism has meaning to order, prohibit and ask
the respondent to do an action. The imperative sentence is ended with exclamation mark (!) as
final intonation. The utterance of children with autism forms various intonation patterns. The
children with autism do not use suffix –lah in the imperative utterance. The children with autism
tend to use suffix –kan in the imperative utterance. The suffix –kan used by children with autism
in imperative sentence has meaning to order the respondent.
Intonation pattern of Indonesian sentence of children with autisms can be explained in
linguistic discussion about: 1) sentence form; 2) the location of reference word; 3) sentence’s
topic; 4) the development of word utterance; and 5) the length of sentence.
There was variety of intonation pattern of declarative sentence spoken by children with
autism which was symbolized with final intonation pattern 21t#, 22t#, 31t#, 231t#, 222t#, 23t#,
3t#, 32t#, 232t#, 221t#, 3n2t# and 321t#. There were four intonation patterns which occurred
rarely, they were 232t#, 221t#, 3n2t#, and 321t#. Children with autism tend to use low intonation
with low tone in declarative utterance. It means that children with autism tried to inform and
express what they felt and what they wanted to convey to the respondent although the respondent
sometimes need to understand the intonation which was used by the children with autism. In
addition, the respondents also need the understanding outside the context.
The variety of intonation pattern of interrogative sentence spoken by children with autism
was symbolized with 21t#, 22t#, 23t#, 3t#, 23n#, 3n#, 1t#, 323t#, and 321t#. The interrogative
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5. patterns which occurred often were 21t# and 23t#. The intonation with moderate frequency of
occurrence was 23n#. The patterns which rarely occurred were 1t#, 323t#, and 321t. It means
that the children with autism uttered interrogative sentence with low intonation and low tone and
interrogative sentence with high intonation and low tone.
The variety of intonation pattern of imperative sentence spoken by children with autism
was symbolized with 22t#, 23n#, 3n#, 23t#, 3t#, 32t#, 21t#, 223t#, and 232t#. The patterns which
occurred often were 22t# and 23n#. The patterns with moderate frequency of occurrence were
3t# and 32t#. The pattern which rarely occurred were 21t#, 223t#, and 232t#. It means that the
children with autism uttered imperative sentence with moderate intonation and low tone and
imperative sentence with high intonation and high tone.
This research was useful for teachers, parents and education. Parents with children with
autism are expected to be able to understand the use of proper Indonesian language and care
about their children’s utterance. Teachers are expected to understand the proper Indonesian
language learning more and care about the condition of students when the students speak using
Indonesian sentence. Education, especially higher education institution of education field, is
expected to have subject of Education for children with special needs and study program of
Education for children with special needs is expected to have subject of Indonesian language.
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