- The document analyzes the absorption spectrum of dentine sialophosphoprotein (DSPP) in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) samples from orthodontic patients to develop a model for detecting orthodontic-induced inflammatory root resorption (OIIRR).
- GCF samples were collected from orthodontic patients at different treatment periods (3, 6, 12 months) and from non-orthodontic patients. Absorption spectroscopy found DSPP absorbance spectra increased with longer treatment duration, indicating more DSPP released due to more OIIRR.
- A qualitative model using SIMCA analysis accurately classified GCF samples into orthodontic and non-orthodont
This document presents an overview of recent advances in periodontal drug delivery systems. It discusses various drug delivery systems used to treat periodontitis including fibers, strips, films, gels, microparticles, nanoparticles, liposomes, low dose antibiotics, and wafers. It also presents a case study on developing metronidazole-loaded electrospun polycaprolactone nanofibers as a localized drug delivery system for periodontitis. Advanced drug delivery systems can play an important role in treating periodontitis more effectively and conveniently by enhancing drug targeting and patient compliance.
This study evaluated the clinical and radiographic outcomes of diode laser pulpotomy compared to formocresol pulpotomy in human primary teeth. A total of 40 teeth in 14 children were randomly assigned to receive either diode laser pulpotomy or formocresol pulpotomy. At 6-month and 12-month follow-ups, both treatments showed high clinical success rates of 100%, but the diode laser group had slightly lower radiographic success rates of 95% at 6 months and 90% at 12 months compared to 100% for the formocresol group. However, the differences in success rates between the two treatments were not statistically significant. This study suggests that diode laser pulpotomy may be an effective alternative to traditional formoc
JOURNAL CLUB PEDODONTICS - Evaluation of antibacterial efficacy of fungal der...Rachael Gupta
1) The study evaluated the antibacterial efficacy of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) biosynthesized using the fungus Fusarium semitectum against Enterococcus faecalis, a common cause of persistent endodontic infections.
2) Agar well diffusion tests showed that the AgNPs had a significant antibacterial effect against E. faecalis comparable to 2% chlorhexidine. Higher concentrations of AgNPs resulted in larger inhibition zones.
3) Biosynthesized fungal AgNPs show promise as effective antimicrobial agents that could help eliminate persistent endodontic pathogens like E. faecalis.
Micro CT settings for caries detection: how to optimizeIJERA Editor
Some important items that can influence micro CT image were reviewed in this study. Different settings were
optimized for the assessment of early caries lesions. There are several researches on bone using micro CT but not
too much on dental hard tissues when assessing mineral loss. Different kinds of micro CT devices and
technologies are taking place today, each requiring unique settings, and this consists one of the greatest obstacles
for the use of micro CT on dental hard tissues. Achieving the settings for an ideal dental image is therefore a
challenge. The purpose of this study was to evaluate different micro CT settings to optimize the assessment of
early caries lesions aiming the integrity of the dental specimen thus, making possible to reuse it for further
studies. Three teeth with early caries lesions were submitted to different micro CT settings and different
reconstruction settings, aiming a better image. The final image was compared visually through different densities
and attenuation coefficients. The best setting for teeth tissues was achieved regarding contrast, definition, noise
reduction and the larger difference between sound enamel and early lesions attenuation coefficient.
LASERS – IT’S ROLE IN PERIODONTAL REGENERATIONhiij
The use of lasers has evolved as clinical experience along with scientific investigation. The dental lasers of today have benefited from decades of laser research and have their basis in certain theories from the field of quantum mechanics. When used efficaciously and ethically, lasers are an exceptional modality of treatment for many clinical conditions that dental specialists treat on a daily basis. The concept of using lasers for the treatment of periodontal disease elicits very strong reactions from all sides of spectrum. Evidence suggests that lasers are useful as an adjunct or alternative to traditional approaches in periodontal therapy. Future direction of lasers would be towards a minimally invasive regenerative procedures along with laser assisted calculus detection systems using laser fluorescence that is optical coherence tomography and a laser system which selectively and completely removes the plaque and calculus that is under development. With recent advances and development of wide range of laser wavelengths, different instrument designs and different delivery systems, the purpose of this review is to determine the application and current concept of lasers in the regeneration of periodontal tissues.
The use of low level laser in periodontal diseaseJan Tunér
This study investigated the effects of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) as an adjunct to scaling and root planing (SRP) for the treatment of chronic periodontitis. 16 patients received SRP on one side of their mouth and SRP plus 10 sessions of LLLT on the other side. Sites treated with SRP plus LLLT showed greater reductions in pocket depth at 5 weeks and 3 months compared to SRP alone. SRP plus LLLT sites also had a statistically significant increase in mean radiographic bone density from baseline to 12 months. However, LLLT did not significantly affect gingival index, plaque index, or levels of the inflammatory marker IL-1β in gingival crevicular fluid
Changes in Bone Levels Around Mini-Implants in Edentulous ArchesBHU VARANASI
Marginal bone loss around mini-implants used to stabilize complete dentures was evaluated over a mean observation period of 2.3 years. On average, bone loss was higher in the maxilla than mandible but remained below 1.5 mm in both arches. A previous smoking habit and implants with low insertion torque that were delayed in loading showed greater bone loss compared to immediately loaded implants with high insertion torque. While panoramic radiographs have limitations, mean bone loss was comparable to standard-diameter implants and remained clinically insignificant.
Objective: The aims of this study isto evaluate the inter-premolar width changes in the mandible using three different commercial orthodontic arch wires. Subjects and methods: Thirty patients including both males and females have been allocated in this study. Three orthodontic wires including NiTi, copper NiTi, and Beta-Titanium wires had been used. A special observational technique including cbct had been used to make an evaluation for the inter-premolar width before and after the aligning stage. Results: The results showed a highly significant increase in post-treatment inter premolar width in CNA and NITI groups; compared to Cu NITI group; with highly significant statistical difference (p < 0.01 respectively). Conclusion: The present study showed that there is a high significant increase in the inter-premolar width in the mandible, when comparing the wires in the groups (NiTi, CNA, and copper niti). Also, the gender of the patient does not seem to have an impact of the gender on post-treatment efficacy of each wire.
This document presents an overview of recent advances in periodontal drug delivery systems. It discusses various drug delivery systems used to treat periodontitis including fibers, strips, films, gels, microparticles, nanoparticles, liposomes, low dose antibiotics, and wafers. It also presents a case study on developing metronidazole-loaded electrospun polycaprolactone nanofibers as a localized drug delivery system for periodontitis. Advanced drug delivery systems can play an important role in treating periodontitis more effectively and conveniently by enhancing drug targeting and patient compliance.
This study evaluated the clinical and radiographic outcomes of diode laser pulpotomy compared to formocresol pulpotomy in human primary teeth. A total of 40 teeth in 14 children were randomly assigned to receive either diode laser pulpotomy or formocresol pulpotomy. At 6-month and 12-month follow-ups, both treatments showed high clinical success rates of 100%, but the diode laser group had slightly lower radiographic success rates of 95% at 6 months and 90% at 12 months compared to 100% for the formocresol group. However, the differences in success rates between the two treatments were not statistically significant. This study suggests that diode laser pulpotomy may be an effective alternative to traditional formoc
JOURNAL CLUB PEDODONTICS - Evaluation of antibacterial efficacy of fungal der...Rachael Gupta
1) The study evaluated the antibacterial efficacy of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) biosynthesized using the fungus Fusarium semitectum against Enterococcus faecalis, a common cause of persistent endodontic infections.
2) Agar well diffusion tests showed that the AgNPs had a significant antibacterial effect against E. faecalis comparable to 2% chlorhexidine. Higher concentrations of AgNPs resulted in larger inhibition zones.
3) Biosynthesized fungal AgNPs show promise as effective antimicrobial agents that could help eliminate persistent endodontic pathogens like E. faecalis.
Micro CT settings for caries detection: how to optimizeIJERA Editor
Some important items that can influence micro CT image were reviewed in this study. Different settings were
optimized for the assessment of early caries lesions. There are several researches on bone using micro CT but not
too much on dental hard tissues when assessing mineral loss. Different kinds of micro CT devices and
technologies are taking place today, each requiring unique settings, and this consists one of the greatest obstacles
for the use of micro CT on dental hard tissues. Achieving the settings for an ideal dental image is therefore a
challenge. The purpose of this study was to evaluate different micro CT settings to optimize the assessment of
early caries lesions aiming the integrity of the dental specimen thus, making possible to reuse it for further
studies. Three teeth with early caries lesions were submitted to different micro CT settings and different
reconstruction settings, aiming a better image. The final image was compared visually through different densities
and attenuation coefficients. The best setting for teeth tissues was achieved regarding contrast, definition, noise
reduction and the larger difference between sound enamel and early lesions attenuation coefficient.
LASERS – IT’S ROLE IN PERIODONTAL REGENERATIONhiij
The use of lasers has evolved as clinical experience along with scientific investigation. The dental lasers of today have benefited from decades of laser research and have their basis in certain theories from the field of quantum mechanics. When used efficaciously and ethically, lasers are an exceptional modality of treatment for many clinical conditions that dental specialists treat on a daily basis. The concept of using lasers for the treatment of periodontal disease elicits very strong reactions from all sides of spectrum. Evidence suggests that lasers are useful as an adjunct or alternative to traditional approaches in periodontal therapy. Future direction of lasers would be towards a minimally invasive regenerative procedures along with laser assisted calculus detection systems using laser fluorescence that is optical coherence tomography and a laser system which selectively and completely removes the plaque and calculus that is under development. With recent advances and development of wide range of laser wavelengths, different instrument designs and different delivery systems, the purpose of this review is to determine the application and current concept of lasers in the regeneration of periodontal tissues.
The use of low level laser in periodontal diseaseJan Tunér
This study investigated the effects of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) as an adjunct to scaling and root planing (SRP) for the treatment of chronic periodontitis. 16 patients received SRP on one side of their mouth and SRP plus 10 sessions of LLLT on the other side. Sites treated with SRP plus LLLT showed greater reductions in pocket depth at 5 weeks and 3 months compared to SRP alone. SRP plus LLLT sites also had a statistically significant increase in mean radiographic bone density from baseline to 12 months. However, LLLT did not significantly affect gingival index, plaque index, or levels of the inflammatory marker IL-1β in gingival crevicular fluid
Changes in Bone Levels Around Mini-Implants in Edentulous ArchesBHU VARANASI
Marginal bone loss around mini-implants used to stabilize complete dentures was evaluated over a mean observation period of 2.3 years. On average, bone loss was higher in the maxilla than mandible but remained below 1.5 mm in both arches. A previous smoking habit and implants with low insertion torque that were delayed in loading showed greater bone loss compared to immediately loaded implants with high insertion torque. While panoramic radiographs have limitations, mean bone loss was comparable to standard-diameter implants and remained clinically insignificant.
Objective: The aims of this study isto evaluate the inter-premolar width changes in the mandible using three different commercial orthodontic arch wires. Subjects and methods: Thirty patients including both males and females have been allocated in this study. Three orthodontic wires including NiTi, copper NiTi, and Beta-Titanium wires had been used. A special observational technique including cbct had been used to make an evaluation for the inter-premolar width before and after the aligning stage. Results: The results showed a highly significant increase in post-treatment inter premolar width in CNA and NITI groups; compared to Cu NITI group; with highly significant statistical difference (p < 0.01 respectively). Conclusion: The present study showed that there is a high significant increase in the inter-premolar width in the mandible, when comparing the wires in the groups (NiTi, CNA, and copper niti). Also, the gender of the patient does not seem to have an impact of the gender on post-treatment efficacy of each wire.
The IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR) is an open access online & offline peer reviewed international journal, which publishes innovative research papers, reviews, mini-reviews, short communications and notes dealing with Pharmaceutical Sciences( Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharmaceutics, Biopharmaceutics, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Computational Chemistry and Molecular Drug Design, Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Analysis, Pharmacy Practice, Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy, Cell Biology, Genomics and Proteomics, Pharmacogenomics, Bioinformatics and Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Interest........more details on Aim & Scope).
All manuscripts are subject to rapid peer review. Those of high quality (not previously published and not under consideration for publication in another journal) will be published without delay.
Abstract
Background: We set out to determine the possibility of radiographically evaluating the degree of marginal bone loss in humans after functional loading of implants at sites of guided bone regeneration (GBR) with autogenous tooth-based bone graft (ATBBG) material (AutoBT®, Korea Tooth Bank, Seoul, Korea).
Materials and Methods: Using ATBBG material, GBR procedures were performed on the extraction sockets with bone defects such as buccal dehiscence and 6 months of healing was allowed. Dental implants were installed and prosthetic procedures were done after another 6 months of healing. Marginal bone levels (MBLs) were radiographically measured following functional loading (mean duration, 10 months; range, 4–18 months) in 10 patients among 19 patients initially enrolled in this study (4 men and 6 women; age range, 39–65 years; mean age, 55.4 years) who maintained follow-up visits after entire surgical and prosthetic procedures.
Results: No significant MBL differences were noted immediately after GBR, implant placement and prosthesis delivery (F=0.245, P>0.05). Changes in the MBLs were not affected by gender.
Conclusion: The ATBBG material is viable for GBR and can yield a stable MBL even after functional loading of implants. The degree of marginal bone loss after loading with ATBBG is stable.
LSTR 3mix MP important efficacy particularly antibacterial and periapical le...Dr.Aklaqur Rahman Chayon
Author:-
Dr Nurjahan Afsary
BDS(DU),Post graduation training in
Conservative dentistry.Dhaka dental College.
Consultant dental surgeon at AR DENTAL Maxillofacial care Research and training center ,N oral health and dental care.
Co-author:-
Dr Aklaqur Rahman BDS(Dhaka dental College)
LSTR 3mix MP important efficacy particularly antibacterial and periapical lesions during conservative treatment in the dentistry like RCT and other endodontics management;Case Studies
i-prf &MN in gingival augmentation in thin phenotypeDr. B.V.Parvathy
To evaluate the effect of gingival thickness (GT) and keratinized tissue width (KTW) using injectable platelet rich fibrin (i-PRF) alone and with microneedling (MN) in individuals with thin periodontal phenotypes.
1) A 10-year prospective study evaluated 121 oxidized titanium implants in 46 patients. 2) After 10 years, the survival rate was 99.2% with only 1 implant failing. 3) Marginal bone loss averaged 0.7 mm over 10 years, with 11.3% of implants showing over 2 mm of bone loss and 4.7% over 3 mm of bone loss. 4) Implants with over 3 mm bone loss showed bleeding and pus on probing, indicating peri-implantitis.
Regenerative Surgical Treatment of Furcation Journal PresentationDr. B.V.Parvathy
AIM
To evaluate the performance and the added values of surgical regenerative techniques in terms of tooth loss, furcation closure/conversion, horizontal bone level gain and other periodontal parameters of teeth affected by periodontitis-related furcation defects, at least 12 months after surgery.
Radiographic Evaluation of the MB2 Canal in Permanent Maxillary Molars- An Or...DrHeena tiwari
This study evaluated the presence and location of the MB2 canal in maxillary first molars using CBCT scans. The scans of 296 patients were analyzed, showing MB2 canals in 43.8% of teeth. No significant gender difference was found. The angle between the mesiobuccal, distobuccal and palatal canals (ƒMDP) was greater in teeth with MB2 canals. A moderate positive correlation was found between ƒMDP and the angle between mesiobuccal, distobuccal and MB2 canals (ƒMDMB2). If ƒMDP was over 90.95 degrees, there was a 78% probability of finding an
This document discusses the use of therapeutic and Nd:YAG lasers as adjunct treatments for periodontitis. It presents the results of four clinical studies that investigated the effects of low-level lasers and a single application of an Nd:YAG laser as supplements to scaling and root planing. The studies found that both therapeutic lasers and a single use of the Nd:YAG laser improved clinical outcomes and some immunological parameters when used in addition to conventional periodontal treatment. Longer coherence length appeared to produce slightly better results for therapeutic lasers.
This study evaluated the efficacy of two different root canal sealers - AH Plus and MTA Fillapex - in strengthening teeth during endodontic therapy. 75 single-rooted teeth were instrumented and divided into 3 groups: Group A used AH Plus sealer, Group B used MTA Fillapex sealer, and Group C was unfilled. Obturated teeth were embedded in resin and force was applied until fracture. Teeth filled with AH Plus required the most force (235.9N) to fracture, followed by MTA Fillapex (168.5N), with unfilled teeth fracturing at the least force (90.7N). The authors concluded that AH Plus provided greater strength than
This document discusses non-surgical therapy for periodontal disease. It covers the objectives of plaque control and scaling and root planing, which is the gold standard of non-surgical periodontal therapy. It also discusses outcomes of non-surgical therapy such as reductions in pocket depth and clinical attachment levels, as well as changes to microflora and radiographic bone levels. Limitations of non-surgical therapy are outlined, as well as factors that influence treatment effectiveness like disease severity and the skill of the clinician. The role of adjunctive treatments like systemic antibiotics and full mouth disinfection are also summarized.
3D reconstruction revealed features of carious hard tissues and soft tissues. Specifically, it showed strongly expressed amelogenin proteins in dentin tubules of carious teeth and increased glial markers GFAP and S100B in pulp components of carious teeth. 4D live cell imaging showed the diffusion patterns of fluorescent molecules in response to bacterial virulence factors and uptake of an antibiotic into epithelial cells to kill intracellular oral pathogens. 3D/4D imaging using confocal microscopy provides benefits for analyzing clinical dental specimens and studying drug development.
Efficacy and safety of a diode laser in second stage implant surgeryharitha sridharan
- The study compared the efficacy and safety of using a 970nm diode laser versus a surgical blade for second-stage dental implant surgery in 30 patients.
- Patients were randomly divided into two groups - the study group underwent laser surgery while the control group used a surgical blade.
- The laser group did not require local anesthesia while the blade group did, but there were no significant differences in duration of surgery, postoperative pain, healing time, or implant success between the two techniques.
- The diode laser can effectively uncover dental implants with advantages over conventional blade techniques in reducing the need for anesthesia.
- The study compared the diagnostic accuracy of conventional radiography and digital subtraction imaging in detecting simulated internal root resorption lesions of varying sizes created in cadaver teeth.
- Using conventional radiography, minimum detectable lesion size was medium (ISO size 010-012) for coronal lesions and large (ISO size 014-016) for apical lesions.
- Overall diagnostic accuracy was superior with subtraction imaging, though only significantly better for detecting coronal lesions according to statistical analysis comparing the two modalities.
MB2 In Maxillary Second Molar – Two Case ReportsQUESTJOURNAL
This document presents two case reports of maxillary second molars that each had an extra canal (MB2) identified in the mesiobuccal root. In the first case, careful visualization with magnifying loupes revealed a groove indicating the presence of an MB2 canal, which was located using an ultrasonic tip. In the second case, an incomplete access cavity was modified and exploration uncovered an extra mesiobuccal canal. Both cases were treated with biomechanical preparation and obturation of all canals. Failure to locate and treat extra canals such as MB2 is a common reason for endodontic treatment failure.
Procedures adopted by orthodontists for space closure and anchorage controlciacinco
Objective: The aim of this study was to identify the procedures adopted by Brazilian orthodontists in the following situations: extraction space closure, anchorage control in case of necessary anchorage for group A and frequency of skeletal anchorage use, especially in the upper jaw. Method: A questionnaire was sent to the e-mail address of all dentists registered in the Brazilian Federal Council of Dentistry. Results: The results showed that most Brazilian orthodontists usually perform extraction space closure by means of sliding mechanics. The use of palatal bar, inclusion of second molars in the archwire and space closure performed in two phases are the most used techniques for anchorage control in the upper jaw. The skeletal anchorage is referenced by 36.5% of specialists as a routine practice for the upper jaw anchorage. Conclusions: There is a wide variety of procedures adopted by Brazilian orthodontists for orthodontic space closure and anchorage control.
Objetivo: esse trabalho tem o objetivo de identificar as condutas adotadas pelos ortodontistas brasileiros para o fechamento ortodôntico de espaços de extrações, controle de ancoragem em caso de necessidade de ancoragem do grupo A, e frequência de uso de ancoragem esquelética nesses casos, especialmente na arcada superior. Métodos: um questionário foi enviado para o endereço eletrônico de todos os ortodontistas inscritos no Conselho Federal de Odontologia.
Resultados: os resultados mostraram que a maioria dos ortodontistas brasileiros usualmente faz fechamento de espaço de extrações com mecânicas de deslizamento. O uso de barra palatina, incorporação de segundos molares no arco e fechamento de espaço em duas fases são as condutas mais utilizadas para controle de ancoragem na arcada superior. A ancoragem esquelética é referenciada por 36,5% dos especialistas como forma rotineira de ancoragem na arcada superior.
Conclusões: existe uma grande variedade de condutas adotas por ortodontistas brasileiros tanto para o fechamento ortodôntico de espaço quanto para o controle de ancoragem em casos de maior necessidade de retração anterior.
advanced diagnostic aids in periodonticsMehul Shinde
Advanced diagnostic aids provide more precise tools and technologies for diagnosis. New probes allow for controlled pressure and automated measurement. Digital radiography provides advantages like reduced radiation dose and immediate imaging. Techniques like digital subtraction radiography and cone-beam computed tomography improve detection of bone changes over time. Overall, advances in clinical, radiographic, microbiological and host-response assessments enhance diagnosis of disease presence, type and progression.
DIO European Meeting 2013 - Rome by peter fairbairndioimplants
Dr Peter Fairbairn's lecture on DIO SM and UF dental implants placed in reduced bone cases where synthetic graft material is used to ethically grow new bone in around 10 weeks.
Healing of Periapical Bone Lesion After Periradicular Surgery And Graft Place...QUESTJOURNAL
Objectives: 1.To clinically evaluate the healing process following periapical surgery with Chitra granules 2.To radiographically evaluate healing, following periapical surgery with Chitra granules. 3.To compare the bone healing in the study group, clinically and radiographically following the modalities of treatment, with that of the control group (without graft). Materials: 1.Chitra hydroxyapatite granules. 2. Gutta-percha — for root canal obturation by lateral condensation. 3. High Copper amalgam used as retrofilling materials. To evaluate healing after periapical surgery using Chitra granules, 22 patients were selected from out patient section of Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Govt. Dental College, Kozhikode,based on clinical and radiographical evaluation. The study group consisted of 13 males and 9 females. All were of the age group 15-35 years. After selection they were randomly divided into two groups A and B. In group A the Chitra granule were placed in the bony defect and in group B the defect were left as such after surgery. Results: Clinical parameters showed better early symptom free condition in group A compared to group B. But data found statistically insignificant (t-7.27,df-1.8, P >0.05). Radiographical evaluation data analysis showed statistically significant difference among group A and group B. Conclusion: Biocompatible Chitra granule not only obliterates the cavity but act as a scaffold for bone growth and prevent scar tissue formation.It is osteoconductive. In comparison to the conventional periapical surgery, the placement of Chitra granules facilitates bone regeneration more easily. The material is found to be very cost effective, easily available, easy to manipulate and involves least complication to both clinicians and patients.
Photobiomodulation technique uses low intensity lasers and light in the red to near infrared zone (600 to 1000 nm wavelength) which brings about biological changes at the cellular level thus initiating the bone remodeling. As a result accelerates orthodontic tooth movement without causing any harm to the periodontal tissues
This study evaluated the clinical outcomes and properties of periodontal ligament progenitor cells (PDLPs) for the treatment of periodontitis. Three patients with intrabony periodontal defects were treated by transplantation of autologous PDLPs cultured on a bone graft material. Clinical measurements over 32-72 months showed reduced probing depths and clinical attachment gains, indicating potential therapeutic benefits. In vitro analysis found that PDLPs showed characteristics similar to periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs), including proliferation, mesenchymal surface marker expression, and multipotent differentiation, but lacked expression of the tendon marker scleraxis. This provides preliminary evidence that PDLP transplantation may be an effective and safe approach for periodontitis
The IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR) is an open access online & offline peer reviewed international journal, which publishes innovative research papers, reviews, mini-reviews, short communications and notes dealing with Pharmaceutical Sciences( Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharmaceutics, Biopharmaceutics, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Computational Chemistry and Molecular Drug Design, Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Analysis, Pharmacy Practice, Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy, Cell Biology, Genomics and Proteomics, Pharmacogenomics, Bioinformatics and Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Interest........more details on Aim & Scope).
All manuscripts are subject to rapid peer review. Those of high quality (not previously published and not under consideration for publication in another journal) will be published without delay.
Abstract
Background: We set out to determine the possibility of radiographically evaluating the degree of marginal bone loss in humans after functional loading of implants at sites of guided bone regeneration (GBR) with autogenous tooth-based bone graft (ATBBG) material (AutoBT®, Korea Tooth Bank, Seoul, Korea).
Materials and Methods: Using ATBBG material, GBR procedures were performed on the extraction sockets with bone defects such as buccal dehiscence and 6 months of healing was allowed. Dental implants were installed and prosthetic procedures were done after another 6 months of healing. Marginal bone levels (MBLs) were radiographically measured following functional loading (mean duration, 10 months; range, 4–18 months) in 10 patients among 19 patients initially enrolled in this study (4 men and 6 women; age range, 39–65 years; mean age, 55.4 years) who maintained follow-up visits after entire surgical and prosthetic procedures.
Results: No significant MBL differences were noted immediately after GBR, implant placement and prosthesis delivery (F=0.245, P>0.05). Changes in the MBLs were not affected by gender.
Conclusion: The ATBBG material is viable for GBR and can yield a stable MBL even after functional loading of implants. The degree of marginal bone loss after loading with ATBBG is stable.
LSTR 3mix MP important efficacy particularly antibacterial and periapical le...Dr.Aklaqur Rahman Chayon
Author:-
Dr Nurjahan Afsary
BDS(DU),Post graduation training in
Conservative dentistry.Dhaka dental College.
Consultant dental surgeon at AR DENTAL Maxillofacial care Research and training center ,N oral health and dental care.
Co-author:-
Dr Aklaqur Rahman BDS(Dhaka dental College)
LSTR 3mix MP important efficacy particularly antibacterial and periapical lesions during conservative treatment in the dentistry like RCT and other endodontics management;Case Studies
i-prf &MN in gingival augmentation in thin phenotypeDr. B.V.Parvathy
To evaluate the effect of gingival thickness (GT) and keratinized tissue width (KTW) using injectable platelet rich fibrin (i-PRF) alone and with microneedling (MN) in individuals with thin periodontal phenotypes.
1) A 10-year prospective study evaluated 121 oxidized titanium implants in 46 patients. 2) After 10 years, the survival rate was 99.2% with only 1 implant failing. 3) Marginal bone loss averaged 0.7 mm over 10 years, with 11.3% of implants showing over 2 mm of bone loss and 4.7% over 3 mm of bone loss. 4) Implants with over 3 mm bone loss showed bleeding and pus on probing, indicating peri-implantitis.
Regenerative Surgical Treatment of Furcation Journal PresentationDr. B.V.Parvathy
AIM
To evaluate the performance and the added values of surgical regenerative techniques in terms of tooth loss, furcation closure/conversion, horizontal bone level gain and other periodontal parameters of teeth affected by periodontitis-related furcation defects, at least 12 months after surgery.
Radiographic Evaluation of the MB2 Canal in Permanent Maxillary Molars- An Or...DrHeena tiwari
This study evaluated the presence and location of the MB2 canal in maxillary first molars using CBCT scans. The scans of 296 patients were analyzed, showing MB2 canals in 43.8% of teeth. No significant gender difference was found. The angle between the mesiobuccal, distobuccal and palatal canals (ƒMDP) was greater in teeth with MB2 canals. A moderate positive correlation was found between ƒMDP and the angle between mesiobuccal, distobuccal and MB2 canals (ƒMDMB2). If ƒMDP was over 90.95 degrees, there was a 78% probability of finding an
This document discusses the use of therapeutic and Nd:YAG lasers as adjunct treatments for periodontitis. It presents the results of four clinical studies that investigated the effects of low-level lasers and a single application of an Nd:YAG laser as supplements to scaling and root planing. The studies found that both therapeutic lasers and a single use of the Nd:YAG laser improved clinical outcomes and some immunological parameters when used in addition to conventional periodontal treatment. Longer coherence length appeared to produce slightly better results for therapeutic lasers.
This study evaluated the efficacy of two different root canal sealers - AH Plus and MTA Fillapex - in strengthening teeth during endodontic therapy. 75 single-rooted teeth were instrumented and divided into 3 groups: Group A used AH Plus sealer, Group B used MTA Fillapex sealer, and Group C was unfilled. Obturated teeth were embedded in resin and force was applied until fracture. Teeth filled with AH Plus required the most force (235.9N) to fracture, followed by MTA Fillapex (168.5N), with unfilled teeth fracturing at the least force (90.7N). The authors concluded that AH Plus provided greater strength than
This document discusses non-surgical therapy for periodontal disease. It covers the objectives of plaque control and scaling and root planing, which is the gold standard of non-surgical periodontal therapy. It also discusses outcomes of non-surgical therapy such as reductions in pocket depth and clinical attachment levels, as well as changes to microflora and radiographic bone levels. Limitations of non-surgical therapy are outlined, as well as factors that influence treatment effectiveness like disease severity and the skill of the clinician. The role of adjunctive treatments like systemic antibiotics and full mouth disinfection are also summarized.
3D reconstruction revealed features of carious hard tissues and soft tissues. Specifically, it showed strongly expressed amelogenin proteins in dentin tubules of carious teeth and increased glial markers GFAP and S100B in pulp components of carious teeth. 4D live cell imaging showed the diffusion patterns of fluorescent molecules in response to bacterial virulence factors and uptake of an antibiotic into epithelial cells to kill intracellular oral pathogens. 3D/4D imaging using confocal microscopy provides benefits for analyzing clinical dental specimens and studying drug development.
Efficacy and safety of a diode laser in second stage implant surgeryharitha sridharan
- The study compared the efficacy and safety of using a 970nm diode laser versus a surgical blade for second-stage dental implant surgery in 30 patients.
- Patients were randomly divided into two groups - the study group underwent laser surgery while the control group used a surgical blade.
- The laser group did not require local anesthesia while the blade group did, but there were no significant differences in duration of surgery, postoperative pain, healing time, or implant success between the two techniques.
- The diode laser can effectively uncover dental implants with advantages over conventional blade techniques in reducing the need for anesthesia.
- The study compared the diagnostic accuracy of conventional radiography and digital subtraction imaging in detecting simulated internal root resorption lesions of varying sizes created in cadaver teeth.
- Using conventional radiography, minimum detectable lesion size was medium (ISO size 010-012) for coronal lesions and large (ISO size 014-016) for apical lesions.
- Overall diagnostic accuracy was superior with subtraction imaging, though only significantly better for detecting coronal lesions according to statistical analysis comparing the two modalities.
MB2 In Maxillary Second Molar – Two Case ReportsQUESTJOURNAL
This document presents two case reports of maxillary second molars that each had an extra canal (MB2) identified in the mesiobuccal root. In the first case, careful visualization with magnifying loupes revealed a groove indicating the presence of an MB2 canal, which was located using an ultrasonic tip. In the second case, an incomplete access cavity was modified and exploration uncovered an extra mesiobuccal canal. Both cases were treated with biomechanical preparation and obturation of all canals. Failure to locate and treat extra canals such as MB2 is a common reason for endodontic treatment failure.
Procedures adopted by orthodontists for space closure and anchorage controlciacinco
Objective: The aim of this study was to identify the procedures adopted by Brazilian orthodontists in the following situations: extraction space closure, anchorage control in case of necessary anchorage for group A and frequency of skeletal anchorage use, especially in the upper jaw. Method: A questionnaire was sent to the e-mail address of all dentists registered in the Brazilian Federal Council of Dentistry. Results: The results showed that most Brazilian orthodontists usually perform extraction space closure by means of sliding mechanics. The use of palatal bar, inclusion of second molars in the archwire and space closure performed in two phases are the most used techniques for anchorage control in the upper jaw. The skeletal anchorage is referenced by 36.5% of specialists as a routine practice for the upper jaw anchorage. Conclusions: There is a wide variety of procedures adopted by Brazilian orthodontists for orthodontic space closure and anchorage control.
Objetivo: esse trabalho tem o objetivo de identificar as condutas adotadas pelos ortodontistas brasileiros para o fechamento ortodôntico de espaços de extrações, controle de ancoragem em caso de necessidade de ancoragem do grupo A, e frequência de uso de ancoragem esquelética nesses casos, especialmente na arcada superior. Métodos: um questionário foi enviado para o endereço eletrônico de todos os ortodontistas inscritos no Conselho Federal de Odontologia.
Resultados: os resultados mostraram que a maioria dos ortodontistas brasileiros usualmente faz fechamento de espaço de extrações com mecânicas de deslizamento. O uso de barra palatina, incorporação de segundos molares no arco e fechamento de espaço em duas fases são as condutas mais utilizadas para controle de ancoragem na arcada superior. A ancoragem esquelética é referenciada por 36,5% dos especialistas como forma rotineira de ancoragem na arcada superior.
Conclusões: existe uma grande variedade de condutas adotas por ortodontistas brasileiros tanto para o fechamento ortodôntico de espaço quanto para o controle de ancoragem em casos de maior necessidade de retração anterior.
advanced diagnostic aids in periodonticsMehul Shinde
Advanced diagnostic aids provide more precise tools and technologies for diagnosis. New probes allow for controlled pressure and automated measurement. Digital radiography provides advantages like reduced radiation dose and immediate imaging. Techniques like digital subtraction radiography and cone-beam computed tomography improve detection of bone changes over time. Overall, advances in clinical, radiographic, microbiological and host-response assessments enhance diagnosis of disease presence, type and progression.
DIO European Meeting 2013 - Rome by peter fairbairndioimplants
Dr Peter Fairbairn's lecture on DIO SM and UF dental implants placed in reduced bone cases where synthetic graft material is used to ethically grow new bone in around 10 weeks.
Healing of Periapical Bone Lesion After Periradicular Surgery And Graft Place...QUESTJOURNAL
Objectives: 1.To clinically evaluate the healing process following periapical surgery with Chitra granules 2.To radiographically evaluate healing, following periapical surgery with Chitra granules. 3.To compare the bone healing in the study group, clinically and radiographically following the modalities of treatment, with that of the control group (without graft). Materials: 1.Chitra hydroxyapatite granules. 2. Gutta-percha — for root canal obturation by lateral condensation. 3. High Copper amalgam used as retrofilling materials. To evaluate healing after periapical surgery using Chitra granules, 22 patients were selected from out patient section of Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Govt. Dental College, Kozhikode,based on clinical and radiographical evaluation. The study group consisted of 13 males and 9 females. All were of the age group 15-35 years. After selection they were randomly divided into two groups A and B. In group A the Chitra granule were placed in the bony defect and in group B the defect were left as such after surgery. Results: Clinical parameters showed better early symptom free condition in group A compared to group B. But data found statistically insignificant (t-7.27,df-1.8, P >0.05). Radiographical evaluation data analysis showed statistically significant difference among group A and group B. Conclusion: Biocompatible Chitra granule not only obliterates the cavity but act as a scaffold for bone growth and prevent scar tissue formation.It is osteoconductive. In comparison to the conventional periapical surgery, the placement of Chitra granules facilitates bone regeneration more easily. The material is found to be very cost effective, easily available, easy to manipulate and involves least complication to both clinicians and patients.
Photobiomodulation technique uses low intensity lasers and light in the red to near infrared zone (600 to 1000 nm wavelength) which brings about biological changes at the cellular level thus initiating the bone remodeling. As a result accelerates orthodontic tooth movement without causing any harm to the periodontal tissues
This study evaluated the clinical outcomes and properties of periodontal ligament progenitor cells (PDLPs) for the treatment of periodontitis. Three patients with intrabony periodontal defects were treated by transplantation of autologous PDLPs cultured on a bone graft material. Clinical measurements over 32-72 months showed reduced probing depths and clinical attachment gains, indicating potential therapeutic benefits. In vitro analysis found that PDLPs showed characteristics similar to periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs), including proliferation, mesenchymal surface marker expression, and multipotent differentiation, but lacked expression of the tendon marker scleraxis. This provides preliminary evidence that PDLP transplantation may be an effective and safe approach for periodontitis
This document provides an overview of diagnostic aids used in orthodontics. It begins by defining diagnostic aids as clinical tools that help with diagnosis and treatment planning. It then classifies diagnostic aids as either essential or supplemental. Essential aids include case history, clinical examination, study models, and certain radiographs. Supplemental aids include specialized radiographs, electromyography, and hand-wrist radiographs. The document goes on to describe each diagnostic aid in detail and discusses recent advances such as digital radiography, MRI, and computed tomography. It aims to outline the key clinical tools orthodontists use to evaluate patients and plan treatment.
This study assessed the 5-year outcome of apical microsurgery in 170 teeth from 191 subjects who underwent the procedure. At the 5-year follow-up, 129 teeth (75.9%) were healed compared to 83.8% at 1 year. Two significant predictors of healing outcome were identified: teeth with interproximal bone loss >3 mm from the cementoenamel junction had a lower healing rate (52.9%) compared to those with ≤3 mm bone loss (78.2%); and teeth filled with ProRoot MTA had a higher healing rate (86.4%) than those filled with SuperEBA (67.3%).
The study investigated the effect of local application of simvastatin on alveolar bone remodeling following tooth extraction in rats. Rats received either a simvastatin-loaded polymer scaffold or a plain polymer scaffold implanted in extraction sockets. Those receiving simvastatin scaffolds showed significantly greater residual ridge height and bone mineral density up to 12 weeks compared to controls, indicating simvastatin promoted new bone formation and preserved alveolar bone. Histology also revealed more new bone formation and higher bone quality in simvastatin-treated sockets. The findings suggest local simvastatin application may effectively prevent residual ridge resorption by stimulating osteoblast activity and new bone growth after tooth extraction.
Analysis of the gradient of sinus augmentation- histomorphometric studyssuser19a491
This study examined the gradient of new bone formation and residual graft particles at different distances from the sinus floor following maxillary sinus floor augmentation using either freeze-dried bone allografts (FDBA) or biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) bone substitute. Biopsies were taken from 26 sites in 13 patients at implant placement 9 months after sinus augmentation. Histomorphometric analysis found that the density of new bone decreased with increasing distance from the sinus floor for both graft materials. The percentage of new bone ranged from 31-27.7% near the floor to 23.5-27.7% further away. Residual graft particle area also decreased with distance from the floor. The results support that osteogenesis initi
Rapid canine retraction and orthodontic treatment with dentoalveolar distract...Dr Mujtaba Ashraf
This document presents a study on a new technique called dentoalveolar distraction (DAD) to rapidly retract canines during orthodontic treatment. The study involved 10 patients where the maxillary first premolars were extracted and a distractor device was used to move the canines into the extraction sites at a rate of 0.8 mm per day. Full canine retraction was achieved in an average of 10 days with minimal anchorage loss. The canines tipped and translated distally on average 13 degrees. No complications were observed. The DAD technique reduces orthodontic treatment time by nearly 50% with no adverse effects on surrounding structures.
This research article compares graft uptake and resorption between chin and ramal bone grafts used to reconstruct atrophic maxillary ridges for dental implant placement. 5 patients received chin grafts and 5 received ramal grafts. Cone beam CT scans after 5 months found mean resorption of 16.8% for ramal grafts and 18% for chin grafts. Ramal grafts had advantages of a minimally invasive approach, more graft volume, and less postoperative morbidity compared to chin grafts. Patient compliance was also better with ramal grafts due to less immediate postoperative pain. The survival of ramal grafts was better than chin grafts due to the higher resorption rate of chin grafts.
1. This study compared apical root resorption between patients treated with fixed orthodontic appliances versus clear aligners using CBCT scans. 30 patients were divided into 3 groups: fixed appliances, clear aligners, and clear aligners with low-level laser.
2. Root volumes were measured before and after treatment using Mimics software by segmenting the lower incisor roots from CBCT scans.
3. Preliminary results found that root resorption accompanied by aligners was less than fixed appliances, however the difference was not statistically significant. Use of low-level laser also did not reduce root resorption.
This document discusses using dental magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to visualize dental tissues without ionizing radiation. It summarizes:
1) A new MRI technique called Sweep Imaging with Fourier Transformation (SWIFT) was used to image teeth in vitro and in vivo. SWIFT was able to identify dental caries, cracks, and fine tooth structures with resolutions of 100-400 micrometers within clinically relevant scanning times of 10-25 minutes.
2) SWIFT images of extracted teeth were able to visualize dental caries and tooth anatomy similarly to histological sections but with better resolution than cone-beam CT.
3) An initial in vivo image using SWIFT visualized multiple teeth within a 10 minute
Buccal pad fat for cyst Indian Jr SCT volume 2, issue 1, April 16Avinash Gandi
A 14-year-old boy presented with a swelling on the right side of his face and upper jaw caused by a large dentigerous cyst. The cyst involved the area where his impacted right maxillary canine and other teeth were located. The patient's buccal pad of fat was harvested and processed to isolate the stromal vascular fraction (SVF) stem cells. After removing the cyst surgically, the SVF cells were administered to the bone defect area to aid bone regeneration and support orthodontic tooth movement. At 16 months post-operatively, good bone regeneration was observed and the patient was undergoing orthodontic treatment to align the impacted canine.
This study aims to prospectively evaluate and compare the socket shield technique versus the conventional technique for immediate dental implants. The socket shield technique involves retaining the buccal root portion after extraction to preserve the buccal bone and soft tissues, while the conventional technique is immediate implant placement after full root extraction. Thirty patients needing a single anterior tooth extraction will be randomly allocated to receive implants with either the socket shield technique or conventional technique. Outcomes of implant survival, marginal bone loss, and esthetics will be clinically and radiographically evaluated.
Osseo-integrated dental implants have been widely used for the rehabilitation of tooth loss. Although dental implants
are considered an available treatment in the paradigm shift from traditional dental therapies, such as fixed dental bridges and
removable dentures, the fundamental problems must be overcome prior to their clinical use in young patients who are still
undergoing jawbone growth. A bio-engineered functional bio-hybrid implant that is combined with adult-derived periodontal
tissue and attached with bone tissue can act as a substitute for cementum. This bio-hybrid implant was successfully engrafted
and it restored physiological function, including bone remodelling, regeneration and appropriate responsiveness to noxious
stimuli. Thus, this article reviews the functional bio-hybrid implant’s potential for clinical use as a next-generation dental
implant using adult-derived tissues.
This study evaluated the cytological changes in oral mucosa following lateral cephalometry and panoramic radiographs in children and adults. 30 patients were divided into two groups of 15 adults and 15 children. Exfoliated buccal epithelial cells were collected before and 10 days after radiographs. Cells were stained and examined under a microscope to count micronuclei and other abnormalities as indicators of DNA damage and cytotoxicity. Results showed that while radiation exposure did not cause significant genotoxicity or chromosomal damage, it did induce some cytotoxic effects and cell death. The absorbed radiation dose from dental radiographs was not found to cause direct genetic damage but repeated exposure could potentially lead to chronic cell damage and degenerative changes over time
1) The document discusses a study comparing the effectiveness of Nd:YAG laser pulpotomy to formocresol pulpotomy in primary teeth.
2) The clinical success rate of laser pulpotomy after 12 months was 85.71% while formocresol was 90.42%.
3) Histologically, both techniques showed slight to moderate inflammation initially which decreased over time, with no stained bacteria observed.
Factors Affecting the Long-term Results of Endodontic TreatmentCat Lunac
This study evaluated factors affecting the long-term results of endodontic treatment in 356 patients 8-10 years after treatment. The success of treatment depended on the pre-operative status of the pulp and periapical tissues. Cases with vital or non-vital pulps but no periapical lesions had over 96% success, while cases with pulp necrosis and periapical lesions had 86% success. The ability to fully instrument the root canal and the level of the root filling significantly impacted the outcome. Of previously root-filled teeth with periapical lesions, only 62% healed after retreatment. Clinical and radiographic signs alone had low predictability for treatment outcomes of individual cases with preoperative periapical lesions.
This document discusses conservative strategies for managing dental caries, including mechanical, chemico-mechanical, and physical approaches. Mechanical approaches include ART, indirect pulp capping, stepwise excavation, and selective removal to soft dentine. Chemico-mechanical caries removal uses chemical agents to soften infected dentin before excavation. Physical approaches include photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy, which uses photosensitizing agents activated by light to kill bacteria. The document compares the pros and cons of these different conservative caries management techniques.
This study evaluated the outcome of surgical treatment of osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ) with the additional use of autologous platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) membranes. 15 patients underwent surgical resection of necrotic bone followed by placement of multiple PRF membrane layers over the bone. At follow-up between 7-20 months post-op, 14 of 15 patients (93%) showed complete mucosal healing with no symptoms or bone exposure, indicating the PRF membranes aided in wound healing. One patient had recurrence. The study concluded PRF membrane use provides multilayer closure and benefits patients with reduced complications and better healing.
Peri-implantitis is a pathological inflammatory condition affecting the tissues surrounding dental implants, characterized by inflammation of the peri-implant mucosa and progressive bone loss. It is caused by plaque accumulation on the implant surface. Risk factors include a history of periodontitis and smoking. Treatment involves non-surgical mechanical debridement using air abrasives or ultrasonic tips for mild cases. More severe cases may require surgical debridement and decontamination of the implant surface along with local or systemic antibiotics. Long-term maintenance therapy and adherence to the CIST protocol are important for managing peri-implantitis and ensuring the success of dental implants.
Similar to Absorption spectrum analysis of dentine sialophosphoprotein (dspp) in orthodoctic patient (20)
The document describes an AI-driven Occupational Skills Generator (AIOSG) that aims to automate the process of creating occupational skills reference documents. The AIOSG utilizes an intelligent web crawler, natural language processing, neural networks, and a blockchain to gather data on occupational skills from various sources, analyze the data, and generate standardized skills reference documents. It is meant to make the document creation process more efficient, data-driven, and able to incorporate rapidly changing skills demands compared to the traditional manual process. The system architecture and key components of data collection, analysis, skills ontology construction, and reference document generation are outlined.
Advanced resource allocation and service level monitoring for container orche...Conference Papers
This document proposes an architecture for advanced resource allocation and service level monitoring for container orchestration platforms. It begins with background on containerization and different container orchestration platforms like Docker Swarm, Kubernetes, and Mesos. It then discusses the need for resource-aware container placement and SLA-based monitoring to minimize container migration and ensure performance. The proposed architecture consists of different components like a request manager, information collector, policy manager, and resource manager to enable advanced scheduling and monitoring of containers on Kubernetes. The proposed solution aims to analyze future resource utilization to improve placement decisions and reduce issues after deployment.
Adaptive authentication to determine login attempt penalty from multiple inpu...Conference Papers
This document proposes an adaptive authentication solution that determines login penalties based on multiple input sources. It describes adding an IP address checker module to the existing Trust Engine component of the Mi-UAP authentication platform. The IP address checker would identify the source type of a user's IP address and apply the appropriate penalty, such as requiring additional authentication methods or blocking the user, depending on factors like whether the IP is on a blacklist database. The document outlines the process flow and provides examples of how penalties would be applied based on the identified source type.
Absorption spectrum analysis of dentine sialophosphoprotein (dspp) in orthodo...Conference Papers
- The document analyzes the absorption spectrum of dentine sialophosphoprotein (DSPP) in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) samples from orthodontic patients to develop a model for detecting orthodontic-induced inflammatory root resorption (OIIRR).
- GCF samples were collected from orthodontic patients at different treatment periods (3, 6, 12 months) and from non-orthodontic patients. Absorption spectroscopy found DSPP absorbance spectra increased with longer treatment duration, indicating more DSPP released due to more OIIRR.
- A qualitative model using SIMCA analysis accurately classified GCF samples into orthodontic and non-orthodont
A deployment scenario a taxonomy mapping and keyword searching for the appl...Conference Papers
This document discusses developing a taxonomy to map relationships between applications, virtual machines, hosts, and clients when performing upgrades and patches. It proposes creating a taxonomy based on analyzing errors that occur during application execution to understand dependencies. The methodology involves backing up configurations, testing connectivity between virtual networks and clusters before and after upgrades, and analyzing issues that arise. The goal is to establish structures for troubleshooting by classifying relationships between applications, libraries, operating systems, and browsers involved. This may improve determining the root cause of errors during upgrades involving virtualization.
Automated snomed ct mapping of clinical discharge summary data for cardiology...Conference Papers
The document discusses an approach to automatically map clinical terms in clinical discharge summary data from Malaysian hospitals to SNOMED CT terminology in order to improve the accuracy of queries for cardiology-related cases. Natural language processing techniques are used to preprocess the free-text discharge notes by removing formatting tags and identifying clinical terms, which are then mapped to SNOMED CT concepts using techniques like synonym matching, subsumption relationships, and identifying and excluding negative statements. The goal is to enrich the query results by standardizing the clinical terms to SNOMED CT and taking relationships like synonyms, subsumption, and negation into account to provide more accurate analytic results for monitoring and planning related to heart disease in Malaysia.
Automated login method selection in a multi modal authentication - login meth...Conference Papers
The document proposes an intelligent model to automatically select the login authentication method in a multi-modal authentication system based on user behavior profiling. It analyzes user behavior data from login sessions to minimize real-time processing and prevent untrusted attempts, while facilitating a frictionless user experience. The system determines the user, retrieves their behavioral historical data, matches the user profile based on data retrieval, and selects the authentication method based on evaluating the user profile and environmental parameters. It then updates the user profile with new successful login session data for future evaluations.
Atomization of reduced graphene oxide ultra thin film for transparent electro...Conference Papers
This document summarizes research on using an atomization process to deposit reduced graphene oxide (rGO) thin films for use as transparent conductive electrodes. Key points:
- Graphene oxide was spray coated onto silicon wafers and glass slides using an ultrasonic atomizer. Thermal reduction processes were then used to make the films electrically conductive while maintaining optical transparency.
- Thinner films with 1-2 spray coats had higher transparency (>90%) but higher resistivity, while thicker 3-4 coat films had lower transparency (77.1%) but lower resistivity (5.3 kΩ/sq).
- Rapid thermal processing was more effective than plasma processing at reducing resistivity. Sheet resistance decreased
An enhanced wireless presentation system for large scale content distribution Conference Papers
An enhanced wireless presentation system (eWPS) was developed to distribute presentation content to larger audiences over WiFi networks. The eWPS uses multiple access points connected via a high-speed Ethernet switch to provide WiFi coverage to audiences. It captures screenshots of presentations and stores them on an external web server for access by audience devices through a web browser. Testing showed the eWPS could serve over 125 audience devices with an average delay of 1.74ms per page load. System resources on the web server remained mostly idle, indicating it could potentially serve a much larger audience size.
An analysis of a large scale wireless image distribution system deploymentConference Papers
This document describes two setups of a wireless image distribution system:
1. A setup using commercial network equipment like access points and an access controller, which supported over 125 connected devices and provided sufficient bandwidth for the system load in an auditorium with 159 seats.
2. A setup using a wireless mesh network of three NerveNet nodes, which provided a quick and easy setup without wired connections but needs further performance improvements. Results from tests of both setups were analyzed to evaluate the network technologies for smart community applications.
Validation of early testing method for e government projects by requirement ...Conference Papers
The document describes a validation study of an Early Requirement Testing Method (ERTM) for e-government projects. Test engineers used the ERTM, which involves reviewing requirements documents and providing feedback, on six e-government projects. The number of defects found before and after applying the ERTM and providing interventions was compared using a statistical test. The results showed that overall, there was a statistically significant reduction in the number of defects found after applying the ERTM, suggesting it is useful for improving requirements documentation. However, one project saw an increase in defects due to additional requirements added later in the project.
The design and implementation of trade finance application based on hyperledg...Conference Papers
This document describes the design and implementation of a trade finance application built on the Hyperledger Fabric permissioned blockchain platform. It discusses the architecture of blockchain-based applications in general and this trade finance application specifically. Key aspects covered include identifying different types of software connectors (linkage, arbitrator, event, adaptor) that are important building blocks in the architecture. The trade finance application uses connectors like the blockchain facade connector and block/transaction event connector to interface between layers and handle asynchronous event propagation. Overall the document aims to provide insights into architectural considerations and best practices for developing blockchain-based applications.
Unified theory of acceptance and use of technology of e government services i...Conference Papers
This document describes a study that developed and validated a survey instrument to understand technology acceptance of an e-Government system called MYGOVSVC among Malaysian government employees. A literature review was conducted on previous studies applying the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) model to e-Government systems. A 21-item survey was developed containing questions on performance expectancy, effort expectancy, hedonic motivation, and facilitating conditions. The survey was translated to Malay and validated with stakeholders. It was administered to 419 government employees and results found the survey to be reliable in measuring acceptance of the MYGOVSVC system. The validated survey can be used to help improve e-Government services for Malaysian citizens.
Towards predictive maintenance for marine sector in malaysiaConference Papers
This research uses machine learning on sensor data from ships to predict failures of components and their remaining useful life. Interviews with marine experts identified significant maintenance items to prioritize for ship supply chains. The results were analyzed to provide recommendations to a government company on implementing predictive analytics and supply chain strategies for ship maintenance in Malaysia.
The new leaed (ii) ion selective electrode on free plasticizer film of pthfa ...Conference Papers
This document describes the development of a lead ion-selective electrode (Pb2+-ISE) sensor based on a poly-tetrahydrofurfuryl acrylate (pTHFA) membrane without plasticizers using photo-polymerization. The sensor demonstrated a linear range of 0.1-10-5 M, Nernstian slope of 26.5-29.8 mV/decade, limit of detection of 3.24-3.98 x 10-6 M, and good selectivity against interfering ions. Sensor characterization showed comparable results to measurements using atomic absorption spectroscopy on artificial and real samples. Optimization of the lipophilic salt potassium tetrakis(4-chlorophenyl)borate and lead ionophore
This document summarizes security definitions for searchable symmetric encryption (SSE) schemes. It reviews the indistinguishability and semantic security game definitions, noting that attacks have succeeded against published schemes. It then proposes a new security game definition against distribution-based query recovery attacks, to better capture practical adversary capabilities. The goal is to define security in a way that implies the current indistinguishability and semantic security definitions.
This document discusses the implementation challenges of autonomous things and proposes a high-level architecture for a cloud robotics infrastructure to address these challenges. It explores existing platforms for autonomous things and identifies three main areas of complexity: development, execution, and operation. A proposed architecture is presented using the TOGAF framework, with core services for integrated development/testing/simulation and operation/monitoring/maintenance, and application services and technologies to realize these, including cloud, edge and robotics computing with virtualization and ROS. The architecture aims to ease autonomous things implementation through a super-converged system.
Study on performance of capacitor less ldo with different types of resistorConference Papers
The document summarizes a study on the performance of a capacitor-less low dropout (LDO) voltage regulator using different types of resistors. A 1.8V LDO voltage regulator was designed and simulated using five different resistor types in Cadence. The performance metrics compared included output voltage accuracy, phase margin, unity gain bandwidth, and power supply rejection ratio. Simulation results showed differences in LDO performance depending on the resistor type. The LDO with hpoly resistor had the best stability performance, while the LDO with pdiffb resistor produced the highest power supply rejection ratio. In conclusion, the type of resistor used can significantly impact key performance characteristics of a capacitor-less LDO regulator.
Stil test pattern generation enhancement in mixed signal designConference Papers
This document describes a process for generating STIL test patterns from mixed signal design simulations in order to test digital blocks on an SoC. It involves simulating the mixed signal design, sampling the waveforms to generate test vectors, and converting those vectors into an ATPG-compliant STIL format using an automation program. This was implemented successfully at MIMOS Berhad, generating STIL test patterns that passed 100% of stuck-at tests.
The document discusses the implementation of an on-premise AI platform at MIMOS Berhad, a Malaysian research institute. The platform makes use of existing on-premise services such as a private cloud, distributed storage, and authentication platform. It provides an AI training facility using containers on VMs, with distributed training and GPU/CPU support. A version management system stores AI models and applications in Docker images. Deployment is supported on the private cloud and edge devices using containers. The goal is to enable internal development and hosting of AI projects in a secure, customizable manner.
Northern Engraving | Nameplate Manufacturing Process - 2024Northern Engraving
Manufacturing custom quality metal nameplates and badges involves several standard operations. Processes include sheet prep, lithography, screening, coating, punch press and inspection. All decoration is completed in the flat sheet with adhesive and tooling operations following. The possibilities for creating unique durable nameplates are endless. How will you create your brand identity? We can help!
Discover top-tier mobile app development services, offering innovative solutions for iOS and Android. Enhance your business with custom, user-friendly mobile applications.
inQuba Webinar Mastering Customer Journey Management with Dr Graham HillLizaNolte
HERE IS YOUR WEBINAR CONTENT! 'Mastering Customer Journey Management with Dr. Graham Hill'. We hope you find the webinar recording both insightful and enjoyable.
In this webinar, we explored essential aspects of Customer Journey Management and personalization. Here’s a summary of the key insights and topics discussed:
Key Takeaways:
Understanding the Customer Journey: Dr. Hill emphasized the importance of mapping and understanding the complete customer journey to identify touchpoints and opportunities for improvement.
Personalization Strategies: We discussed how to leverage data and insights to create personalized experiences that resonate with customers.
Technology Integration: Insights were shared on how inQuba’s advanced technology can streamline customer interactions and drive operational efficiency.
The Microsoft 365 Migration Tutorial For Beginner.pptxoperationspcvita
This presentation will help you understand the power of Microsoft 365. However, we have mentioned every productivity app included in Office 365. Additionally, we have suggested the migration situation related to Office 365 and how we can help you.
You can also read: https://www.systoolsgroup.com/updates/office-365-tenant-to-tenant-migration-step-by-step-complete-guide/
[OReilly Superstream] Occupy the Space: A grassroots guide to engineering (an...Jason Yip
The typical problem in product engineering is not bad strategy, so much as “no strategy”. This leads to confusion, lack of motivation, and incoherent action. The next time you look for a strategy and find an empty space, instead of waiting for it to be filled, I will show you how to fill it in yourself. If you’re wrong, it forces a correction. If you’re right, it helps create focus. I’ll share how I’ve approached this in the past, both what works and lessons for what didn’t work so well.
Essentials of Automations: Exploring Attributes & Automation ParametersSafe Software
Building automations in FME Flow can save time, money, and help businesses scale by eliminating data silos and providing data to stakeholders in real-time. One essential component to orchestrating complex automations is the use of attributes & automation parameters (both formerly known as “keys”). In fact, it’s unlikely you’ll ever build an Automation without using these components, but what exactly are they?
Attributes & automation parameters enable the automation author to pass data values from one automation component to the next. During this webinar, our FME Flow Specialists will cover leveraging the three types of these output attributes & parameters in FME Flow: Event, Custom, and Automation. As a bonus, they’ll also be making use of the Split-Merge Block functionality.
You’ll leave this webinar with a better understanding of how to maximize the potential of automations by making use of attributes & automation parameters, with the ultimate goal of setting your enterprise integration workflows up on autopilot.
"$10 thousand per minute of downtime: architecture, queues, streaming and fin...Fwdays
Direct losses from downtime in 1 minute = $5-$10 thousand dollars. Reputation is priceless.
As part of the talk, we will consider the architectural strategies necessary for the development of highly loaded fintech solutions. We will focus on using queues and streaming to efficiently work and manage large amounts of data in real-time and to minimize latency.
We will focus special attention on the architectural patterns used in the design of the fintech system, microservices and event-driven architecture, which ensure scalability, fault tolerance, and consistency of the entire system.
Northern Engraving | Modern Metal Trim, Nameplates and Appliance PanelsNorthern Engraving
What began over 115 years ago as a supplier of precision gauges to the automotive industry has evolved into being an industry leader in the manufacture of product branding, automotive cockpit trim and decorative appliance trim. Value-added services include in-house Design, Engineering, Program Management, Test Lab and Tool Shops.
ScyllaDB is making a major architecture shift. We’re moving from vNode replication to tablets – fragments of tables that are distributed independently, enabling dynamic data distribution and extreme elasticity. In this keynote, ScyllaDB co-founder and CTO Avi Kivity explains the reason for this shift, provides a look at the implementation and roadmap, and shares how this shift benefits ScyllaDB users.
Main news related to the CCS TSI 2023 (2023/1695)Jakub Marek
An English 🇬🇧 translation of a presentation to the speech I gave about the main changes brought by CCS TSI 2023 at the biggest Czech conference on Communications and signalling systems on Railways, which was held in Clarion Hotel Olomouc from 7th to 9th November 2023 (konferenceszt.cz). Attended by around 500 participants and 200 on-line followers.
The original Czech 🇨🇿 version of the presentation can be found here: https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/hlavni-novinky-souvisejici-s-ccs-tsi-2023-2023-1695/269688092 .
The videorecording (in Czech) from the presentation is available here: https://youtu.be/WzjJWm4IyPk?si=SImb06tuXGb30BEH .
For the full video of this presentation, please visit: https://www.edge-ai-vision.com/2024/06/temporal-event-neural-networks-a-more-efficient-alternative-to-the-transformer-a-presentation-from-brainchip/
Chris Jones, Director of Product Management at BrainChip , presents the “Temporal Event Neural Networks: A More Efficient Alternative to the Transformer” tutorial at the May 2024 Embedded Vision Summit.
The expansion of AI services necessitates enhanced computational capabilities on edge devices. Temporal Event Neural Networks (TENNs), developed by BrainChip, represent a novel and highly efficient state-space network. TENNs demonstrate exceptional proficiency in handling multi-dimensional streaming data, facilitating advancements in object detection, action recognition, speech enhancement and language model/sequence generation. Through the utilization of polynomial-based continuous convolutions, TENNs streamline models, expedite training processes and significantly diminish memory requirements, achieving notable reductions of up to 50x in parameters and 5,000x in energy consumption compared to prevailing methodologies like transformers.
Integration with BrainChip’s Akida neuromorphic hardware IP further enhances TENNs’ capabilities, enabling the realization of highly capable, portable and passively cooled edge devices. This presentation delves into the technical innovations underlying TENNs, presents real-world benchmarks, and elucidates how this cutting-edge approach is positioned to revolutionize edge AI across diverse applications.
Connector Corner: Seamlessly power UiPath Apps, GenAI with prebuilt connectorsDianaGray10
Join us to learn how UiPath Apps can directly and easily interact with prebuilt connectors via Integration Service--including Salesforce, ServiceNow, Open GenAI, and more.
The best part is you can achieve this without building a custom workflow! Say goodbye to the hassle of using separate automations to call APIs. By seamlessly integrating within App Studio, you can now easily streamline your workflow, while gaining direct access to our Connector Catalog of popular applications.
We’ll discuss and demo the benefits of UiPath Apps and connectors including:
Creating a compelling user experience for any software, without the limitations of APIs.
Accelerating the app creation process, saving time and effort
Enjoying high-performance CRUD (create, read, update, delete) operations, for
seamless data management.
Speakers:
Russell Alfeche, Technology Leader, RPA at qBotic and UiPath MVP
Charlie Greenberg, host
The Department of Veteran Affairs (VA) invited Taylor Paschal, Knowledge & Information Management Consultant at Enterprise Knowledge, to speak at a Knowledge Management Lunch and Learn hosted on June 12, 2024. All Office of Administration staff were invited to attend and received professional development credit for participating in the voluntary event.
The objectives of the Lunch and Learn presentation were to:
- Review what KM ‘is’ and ‘isn’t’
- Understand the value of KM and the benefits of engaging
- Define and reflect on your “what’s in it for me?”
- Share actionable ways you can participate in Knowledge - - Capture & Transfer
In the realm of cybersecurity, offensive security practices act as a critical shield. By simulating real-world attacks in a controlled environment, these techniques expose vulnerabilities before malicious actors can exploit them. This proactive approach allows manufacturers to identify and fix weaknesses, significantly enhancing system security.
This presentation delves into the development of a system designed to mimic Galileo's Open Service signal using software-defined radio (SDR) technology. We'll begin with a foundational overview of both Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) and the intricacies of digital signal processing.
The presentation culminates in a live demonstration. We'll showcase the manipulation of Galileo's Open Service pilot signal, simulating an attack on various software and hardware systems. This practical demonstration serves to highlight the potential consequences of unaddressed vulnerabilities, emphasizing the importance of offensive security practices in safeguarding critical infrastructure.
Conversational agents, or chatbots, are increasingly used to access all sorts of services using natural language. While open-domain chatbots - like ChatGPT - can converse on any topic, task-oriented chatbots - the focus of this paper - are designed for specific tasks, like booking a flight, obtaining customer support, or setting an appointment. Like any other software, task-oriented chatbots need to be properly tested, usually by defining and executing test scenarios (i.e., sequences of user-chatbot interactions). However, there is currently a lack of methods to quantify the completeness and strength of such test scenarios, which can lead to low-quality tests, and hence to buggy chatbots.
To fill this gap, we propose adapting mutation testing (MuT) for task-oriented chatbots. To this end, we introduce a set of mutation operators that emulate faults in chatbot designs, an architecture that enables MuT on chatbots built using heterogeneous technologies, and a practical realisation as an Eclipse plugin. Moreover, we evaluate the applicability, effectiveness and efficiency of our approach on open-source chatbots, with promising results.
Absorption spectrum analysis of dentine sialophosphoprotein (dspp) in orthodoctic patient
1. Absorption Spectrum Analysis of Dentine
Sialophosphoprotein (DSPP) in Orthodontic Patient
Norzaliman, MZ 1,
, Zalhan, MY1
, Farinawati, Y 2
, Asma, A2
, Ken, WSH2
,
Lee, WJ2
, Tan, KF2
, Shahrul, HA3
and Rohaya, MAW 2 a)
1
MIMOS Berhad, Technology Park Malaysia, 57000 Kuala Lumpur.
2
Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
3
School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Malaysia
a)
Corresponding author: rohaya_megat@ukm.edu.my
Abstract. A force applied during the orthodontic treatment induces inflammation which is essential for tooth movement,
can lead to root resorption. Previous research works have proved a protein biomarker which can monitor the root
resorption during orthodontic tooth movement. Dentine sialophosphoprotein (DSPP) is one of most abundant non-
collagenous protein in dentine. DSPP is released into Gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) during external root resorption. In
this work, we investigate and analysis the absorbance spectrum of human DSPP by using spectroscopy and a qualitative
model using Soft Independent Modelling Class Analogies (SIMCA). The absorption spectrum data will be used as an
indicator for clinical examination of root resorption in orthodontic treatment. The subjects for this study consisted of non-
orthodontic and orthodontic patients based on different clinical treatment period. GCF samples collected from both non-
orthodontic and orthodontic groups showed ultra-violet spectrum range from 244.11 to 259.86 nm. The spectrum data
model accuracy for non-orthodontic and orthodontic patient obtained at 0.91. The result indicates that GCF absorption
spectrums obtained correlated with the duration of orthodontic treatment after the occurrence of Orthodontic-induced
inflammatory root resorption (OIIRR). The qualitative spectrum data model developed is capable to classify samples into
non-orthodontic and orthodontic groups.
INTRODUCTION
Orthodontic-induced inflammatory root resorption (OIIRR) is one of the most common external root resorption
due to orthodontic tooth movement [1]. It is one of the common and undesirable side effects of orthodontic
treatment. OIIRR is a destructive process of the cementum and/ or dentine layers of a tooth due to clastic cell
activity which leads to subsequent loss of root structure of a tooth and affects the longevity of the tooth in severe
cases [2]. Impacted canines, blunted root, long treatment time and usage of heavy force in orthodontic treatment are
factors that can contribute to root resorption [3]. Currently, the detection of root resorption is commonly done by
using panoramic radiograph. However, this conventional way is often associated with limitations of radiation
exposure, technique sensitive, difficulties in standardization, and limited points of view that lead to underestimation
the severity of root resorption [4].
Gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) is the inflammatory transudate that flow out via gingival sulcus. The quantity of
GCF released and also its composition varies depending on the health of the underlying periodontium. GCF is
known to contain an array of biochemical and cellular factors that reflect the health status of underlying
2. periodontium [5]. Dentine sialophosphoprotein (DSPP) is the most abundant non-collagenous protein in dentine [6].
It is critical in the formation of tooth dentine and it is processed by proteases into three major domains: dentine
sialoprotein (DSP), dentine glycoprotein (DGP), and dentine phosphoprotein (DPP). During external root
resorption, DSPP is released into GCF as dentine breakdown products.
Previous research work utilizing optical spectroscopy technique that is proven sensitive to several important
protein biomarkers such as in the study of cancers, including the breast and cervix, and will be the focus of the
subsequent review [7]. The reading absorbance spectrum is obtained when the absorption of light is measured as a
function of its frequency or wavelength [8]. It has been used as the basis for analytical procedures in various fields,
including healthcare, where together with other techniques it assists in developing methods for diagnosing disease
[9]. Analysis of dentine proteins in GCF is a potentially safer method of quantifying root resorption compared with
conventional radiographic methods. The aim of the present study is to investigate the absorbance spectrum of
orthodontic patient via DSPP biomarker by using absorption spectroscopy method and to analyze the spectrum
based on a qualitative model. The model is built using Soft Independent Modelling Class Analogies (SIMCA)
algorithm. SIMCA is a supervised pattern recognition that based on disjoint principal component analysis (PCA) for
each classification [10]. The absorption spectrum data will be used to develop a prototype for clinical examination
of root resorption orthodontic treatment which is quick and easy to use, no drawbacks of radiation exposure, less
time consuming and inexpensive.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Subject selection
Prior the commencing of the subject recruitments, approval for the study was obtained from the Research Ethics
Committee, The National University of Malaysia (Ethical approval number, UKM PPI/111/8/JEP-2018-438). The
subjects for this study consisted of 7 orthodontic patients which were further categorized into 2 samples of three-
months into treatment (T3), 2 samples of six-months into treatment (T6), and 3 samples of twelve-month into
treatment (T12). For non-orthodontic patients (control), 3 samples were recruited. Orthodontic patients were
consecutively sampled using inclusion criteria as follows: Healthy subjects without any systemic disease(s); not on
any medications; wearing fixed appliances; having full permanent dentition; no history of trauma to their teeth. The
inclusion criteria for non-orthodontic patients were similar to the orthodontic group except that they did not receive
any orthodontic treatment (T0).
GCF sampling
Informed consent was obtained from the patient or the parent or guardian prior to the commencement. Optimal
oral health was achieved in all subjects prior to the study where any supragingival plaque was removed from
sampling sites. Basic oral examination was carried out to ensure optimal oral hygiene and gingival status as the
concentration of total protein in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) has significant correlation with gingival index,
pocket depth measurements, where it reflects the clinical status of gingival and periodontal tissues [11]. Central
incisor of patient was isolated using cotton rolls and saliva ejector to remove the remaining saliva to prevent
contamination of saliva which consists of various type proteins to improve the accuracy of the absorbance spectrum
readings. Gingival fluid collection strips (Periopaper, Oraflow, Smithtown, N.Y.) were placed within the sulcus
(intrasulcular method) approximately 1 to 2 mm into the gingival sulcus and left in situ for 60 seconds [12]. The
fluid seeping out was absorbed by the strips. GCF was sampled from the mesial and distal gingival crevicular
margins of the central incisor. Every collection of samples was taken 3 times at the same site with one-minute
resting intervals to permit the replenishment of GCF into the gingival sulcus. The undipped part of periopaper with
GCF was cut and removed using scissors. Then, all 6 dipped strips were placed immediately into 1.5 mL
microcentrifuge tube containing 300μL of protease inhibitor (Cocktail Kit, MP Biomedicals, LLC, US). The dipped
paper strip with GCF was eluted by centrifugal filtration at 400xg for 10 minutes at 4o
C with centrifuge machine
(Heraeus Fresco 21 centrifuge, Thermo Scientific). The samples were stored at -80o
C.
3. Absorption Spectroscopy Characterization
The spectroscopy experimental setup or specifically the reflective absorption spectroscopy optical setup used in
this work shown in Figure 2, consist of a light source, an optical probe, a special cuvette permeable ultraviolet
spectrum, a cuvette holder and a highly sensitive spectrometer. The light source is utilizing a deuterium lamp which
is able to generate an ultraviolet spectrum from 180nm onward until 400nm. The ultraviolet spectrum result
displayed by the special software (Spectrasuite) which comes with the spectrometer. The centrifugated GCF samples
were pipetted into a special quartz glass cuvette (Binful, China) with dimension of 12.5mm x 12.5mm x 45mm and
able to hold maximum volume of 350μL aqueous GCF sample. The cuvette allows ultraviolet to near infrared
spectrum, 200nm to 2500nm wavelength pass through the sample. However, the absorption spectroscopy method
used in this experiment aims to probe DSPP in the GCF sample. Hence, the cuvette contains only GCF and protease
inhibitor is used as a baseline or as a reference sample, where no DSPP protein is presence. A bifurcated optical
probe is used as a waveguide to guide the light beam from the light source onto the sample and collect back the
reflected light beam from the sample to the spectrometer. The end of optical fiber probe and the quartz cuvette are
placed in a custom cuvette holder to avoid unnecessary movement of the said components during the
characterization measurement session. The cuvette was reused by pipetting out the old sample followed by multiple
rinsing with distilled water and airdrying of the cuvette’s inner wall, then filled with new sample. The absorbance
values of the samples were recorded. A graph of absorbance spectrums for every samples were made and the most
representative absorbance results from each sample groups were chosen and reconstructed to another graph.
FIGURE 2: Optical setup for sample characterization using absorption spectroscopy
RESULT AND DISCUSSION
Spectroscopic measurements are very sensitive and non-destructive, and require only very small amounts of
material for analysis [8]. The absorption intensity of the sample calculated accordance to Lambert Law,
− log 𝑇 = єbc (1)
where the transmittance, T is the ratio of light intensity passed through the sample, after and before. The
transmittance is equals to the product of the molar absorbtivity of target protein (є), the light path of the sample (b),
and the concentration of the compound in the solution (c). Since the the molar absorbtivity of target protein and the
light path of the measured sample in the cuvette remain unchanged, therefore the absorption of the DSPP in the GCF
sample depends linearly on its concentration. Gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) samples from both groups
4. (orthodontic and non-orthodontic patients) showed absorbance spectrum in the range of wavelength from 244.11 to
259.86 nm. However, all GCF samples showed different intensity levels of absorbance spectrum. GCF samples in
the non-orthodontic patient group (T0) showed lower peak of absorbance spectrum compared to the GCF samples
from the T3, T6 and T12 orthodontic groups as shown in Figure 3. The mean values of the GCF samples shows that
the mean absorption spectrums of the samples are higher in intensity when the duration of treatment is longer as
shown in Table 1. The most representative results from T0, T3, T6 and T12 group shows in Figure 3 indicates that
the longer the orthodontic treatment duration, higher absorption spectrums were noted. The absorbance spectrums of
T0, T3, T6 and T12 were proportional to the duration of treatment.
Months N Wavelength peak (nm) Absorbance intensity (Arbitrary)
T0 3 244.11 50.00
T3 2 253.07 84.50
T6 2 265.22 107.00
T12 3 259.86 191.67
TABLE 1: Mean values of absorbance spectrum and wavelength peak of T0, T3, T6 and T12
FIGURE 3: Absorbance spectrum of representative samples from the mean value of T0,T3, T6, and T12
In our study, the GCF sample was collected from the maxillary central incisors of patients according to the
selection criteria. The maxillary central incisor was selected as it is the most accessible tooth for collection of GCF.
It also has the highest percentage of severe root resorption due to orthodontic tooth movement [3]. The subjects
selected did not experience any history of dental trauma as dental trauma may induce inflammation and root
5. resorption [13]. The duration of force application or active treatment is also one of the risk factors related to
orthodontic treatment as well as increased levels of apical root resorption [3].
From Table 1, GCF samples from both groups (orthodontic and non-orthodontic patients) showed absorbance
spectrum in the range of wavelength from 244.11 to 259.86 nm. However, all GCF samples showed different
intensity levels of absorbance spectrum. Most of the GCF samples in the non-orthodontic patient group (T0) showed
lower peak of absorbance spectrum compared to the GCF samples from the T3, T6 and T12 orthodontic groups as
shown in Figure 3. The most representative results from T0, T3, T6 and T12 group indicates that the longer the
orthodontic treatment duration, higher absorption spectrums were noted. This shows that in orthodontic groups (T3,
T6 and T12), the protein content in the GCF samples was increased. Thus, this could be an indicator that higher
amount of DSPP was released into GCF at least 3 months after orthodontic treatment. This finding supported by
Kereshanan who had successfully shown an increase in DSP levels at 3 months following the start of orthodontic
treatment [14]. Proteins absorb ultraviolet light with absorbance maxima at 300 nm and 200 nm. Amino acids with
aromatic rings are the primary reason for the absorbance peak at 290-300 nm. Peptide bonds are primarily
responsible for the peak at 200 nm. Secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structure all affect absorbance spectrum.
Moreover, factors such as pH, ionic strength, sample concentration can alter the absorbance spectrum. Therefore,
different proteins can have different absorption coefficients and even the wavelength spectrum. The fact that
increased orthodontic treatment time is associated with a higher risk of root resorption and this is also reflected by
the higher levels of DSPP as time increases. Thus, the findings indicate that the increasing absorbance spectrums
from T3 to T12, was due to increased releasing of DSPP into GCF after the occurrence of OIIRR.
Further analyze the spectrum data, a qualitative model is build using SIMCA. The goal of SIMCA is to obtain a
classification rule for a set of known groups thus it is used to distinguish non-orthodontic and orthodontic where the
similarity within a class is emphasized [15]. In this analysis, the SIMCA algorithm was performed using
MatlabR2013a software and all the result depicted in Table 2 below.
Actual classes
Non-ortho Ortho
Predicted
classes
Non-ortho 3.0 0.0
Ortho 1.0 7.0
(a)
Non-ortho Ortho
True Positive (TP) 3 7
False Positive (FP) 0 1
True Negative (TN) 1 0
False Negative (FN) 7 3
(b)
Parameter Value
Non-Orthodontic Orthodontic
Sensitivity 1.00 0.88
Specificity 0.75 1.00
Precision 1.00 0.75
Accuracy 0.91
(c)
TABLE 2: (a) The prediction result of classification of non-orthodontic and orthodontic patient. (b) Statistical parameters of
classification analysis. (c) Model sensitivity, specificity, precision and accuracy calculated value.
Detecting non-orthodontic samples as non-orthodontic is known as true positive (TP) case while false negative
(FN) is non-orthodontic samples incorrectly identified as orthodontic. True negative (TN) is the case where
orthodontic samples are correctly classified as orthodontic whereas false positive (FP) when orthodontic samples are
identified as non-orthodontic. Only one sample of non-orthodontic sample predicted as orthodontic sample while all
orthodontic samples predicted as orthodontic according to the matrix table shown in Table 2. Model accuracy was
calculated by the number of correctly classified for non-orthodontic and orthodontic divided by whole data.
The effect of OIIRR is inevitable but its progression can be prevented by early detection. Hopefully, the
usage of potential biomarkers for detection root resorption is useful not only in the early intervention for root
resorption, it can also be used as a chairside tool to inform patient about the risk of root resorption prior to treatment
Furthermore, it also can reduce the repeated radiographs exposure in monitoring root resorption.
6. CONCLUSIONS
The result outcome has demonstrated the potential absorption ultra-violet spectroscopy method as an analytical
method in detecting DSPP in GCF which is a biomarker for root resorption. The result highlights the absorbance
ultra-violet spectrum of DSPP in GCF at the wavelength from 250 to 300 nm with qualitative spectrum data model
accuracy at 0.91. The results of this study indicate that the spectrum absorbance of DSPP in GCF from
orthodontically treated patients is higher than the non-orthodontically treated patients.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The authors would like to acknowledge with gratitude the research team and laboratory technicians of Photonics
Department Laboratory, MIMOS Berhad and Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Malaysia (UKM) for their
cooperation and support. This research paper was funded by University Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM Grant Code:
GUP-2017-002).
REFERENCES
1. Agarwal, S. S., Chopra, S. S., Kumar, P., Jayan, B., Nehra, K., & Sharma, M. “A Radiographic Study Of
External Apical Root Resorption In Patients Treated With Single-Phase Fixed Orthodontic Therapy”, Med J
Armed Forces India, 72(Suppl 1), S8-S16, (2016).
2. Shah, A. "Orthodontically Induced Root Resorption-A Review." International Journal of Advance Research,
Ideas and Innovations in Technology 2.1 (2017).
3. Wahab, R. M. A., Shafiai, N. A. A., & Ariffin, S. H. Z. “An Insight into Risk Factors for Root Resorption
During Orthodontic Treatment.” Journal of Medical Sciences, 17(1), 1-9, (2017).
4. Alamadi, E., Alhazmi, H., Hansen, K., Lundgren, T., & Naoumova, J. “A Comparative Study Of Cone Beam
Computed Tomography And Conventional Radiography In Diagnosing The Extent Of Root Resorptions.”
Progress In Orthodontics, 18(1), 37. (2017).
5. Sha, H., Wang, H., & Bai, Y. “The Reliability of Electrochemical Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for
Detection of Dentin Sialophosphoprotein in Gingival Crevicular Fluid.” Chinese Journal of Stomatology,
51(8), 505-508. (2016).
6. Yamamoto, R., Oida, S., & Yamakoshi, Y. “Dentin sialophosphoprotein–derived proteins in the dental pulp.”
Journal of Dental Research, 94(8), 1120-1127. (2015).
7. Brown, J. Q., Vishwanath, K., Palmer, G. M., & Ramanujam, N. “Advances in quantitative UV–visible
spectroscopy for clinical and pre-clinical application in cancer.” Current Opinion in Biotechnology, 20(1),
119-131. (2009).
8. Schmid, Friedrich. “Biological Macromolecules: UV-visible Spectrophotometry.” (2001).
9. Khaled, M., Seongchong, P., Seung-Nam, P., & Dong-Hoon, L. “An imaging spectrophotometer for measuring
the two-dimensional distribution of spectral reflectance.” Metrologia, 51(6), S293. (2014).
10. P. Ciosek and W. Wróblewski, “The analysis of sensor array data with various pattern recognition techniques,”
Sensors Actuators, B Chem., vol. 114, no. 1, pp. 85–93, (2006).
11. Koregol, A., More, S., Koregol, S., & Kalburgi, N. “Total protein in gingival crevicular fluid as indicators of
periodontal disease activity: A clinico biochemical analysis.” Drug Development and Therapeutics, 6(1), 15-
19. (2015).
12. Ariffin, S., Abu Kasim, N., Megat Abdul Wahab, R., & Jemain, A. A. “Lactate dehydrogenase activity during
tooth movement under 1.0 N and 1.5 N continuous force applications.” Sains Malaysiana, 42 (1). pp. 99-105.
(2013).
13. Yamamoto, Z., Jaafar, I. M., Megat Abdul Wahab, R., Ariffin, Z. Z., Abidin, I. Z. Z., Senafi, S., & Zainal
Ariffin, S. H. “Profiles of inflammatory markers for Traumatised and nontraumatised incisors during
orthodontic treatment with two archwire changes.” Journal of Biological Sciences, 14(4), 299-304. (2014).
14. Kereshanan, S., Stephenson, P., & Waddington, R. “Identification Of Dentine Sialoprotein In Gingival
Crevicular Fluid During Physiological Root Resorption And Orthodontic Tooth Movement.” The European
Journal of Orthodontics, 30(3), 307-314. (2008).
7. 15. K. Vanden Branden, M. Hubert, “Robust classification in high dimensions based on the SIMCA Method,”
Chemometrics and Intelligent Laboratory Systems, Vol. 79, Issues 1–2, Pg 10-21, (2005).