This document presents an overview of recent advances in periodontal drug delivery systems. It discusses various drug delivery systems used to treat periodontitis including fibers, strips, films, gels, microparticles, nanoparticles, liposomes, low dose antibiotics, and wafers. It also presents a case study on developing metronidazole-loaded electrospun polycaprolactone nanofibers as a localized drug delivery system for periodontitis. Advanced drug delivery systems can play an important role in treating periodontitis more effectively and conveniently by enhancing drug targeting and patient compliance.

1. Recent advances in
periodontal drug delivery
system.
PRESENTED BY:
Shweta A. Purandare.
M. PHARM ( II SEMESTER)
GUIDE:
Dr. A. M. Avchat.

2. ANATOMY OF TOOTH
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3. PERIODONTITIS?ENDODONTITIS
???
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4. PERIODONTITIS?
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5. Occurrence of periodontitis
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8. Causes of Periodontitis:
Bacterial Infection
 Use of Tobacco
Systemic Diseases like Diabetes
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9. VARIOUS DDS IN PERIODONTITIS
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Fiber
Strip
Films
Gels
Micro-
particl
esNano-
particles
Liposomes
Nano-
fibers
Low dose
antibiotics
Wafers
DDS

11. 1.Fibers
• Thread-like devices
• reservoir-type systems
• placed periodontal pockets with an applicator and
sealed
• Hollow fibers are prepared:
drug + molten polymer
spinning at high temperature and subsequent cooling.
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11Jain N, Jain GK, Javed S, et al. (2008). Recent approaches for the treatment of periodontitis. Drug Discov Today 13:932–43.

12. • Tetracycline loaded with ethyl vinyl acetate fibers was
mfg.
• but have major disadvantages:
non-bioadsorbable.
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12Jain N, Jain GK, Javed S, et al. (2008). Recent approaches for the treatment of periodontitis. Drug Discov Today 13:932–43.

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14. Marketed product:
•Marketed formulation: Actisite® and actinide
(tetracycline periodontal) periodontal fiber
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15. Advancement:
•Cross linked polymeric fiber device with
barium cation loaded with ciprofloxacin &
diclofenac sodium were prepared.
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Johnston D, Choonara YE, Kumar P, et al. (2013). Prolonged delivery of ciprofloxacin and diclofenac sodium from a
polymeric fibre device for the treatment of peridontal disease. Biomed Res Int 2013:460936.

16. 2.Strips & films.
•Thin and elongated matrix bands in which drug is distributed
throughout the flexible polymer.
•Solvent casting & pressure melt.
• first strip was made of Acrylic polymer . 06-04-2017
16Schwach-Abdellaoui K, Vivien-Castioni N, Gurny R. (2000). Local delivery of antimicrobial agents for the
treatment of periodontal diseases. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 50:83–99.

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18. films
•These are matrix drug delivery devices comprising of drug
distributed throughout the polymer.
•Drug release by diffusion and/or matrix dissolution or
erosion.
•release rate depends upon casting solvent & drug loaded.
06-04-2017
18Garg T, Goyal AK. (2012). Iontophoresis: drug delivery system by applying an electrical potential across
the skin. Drug Deliv Lett 2:

19. •Method:
•Solvent casting and direct milling.
•Location:
•Larger one : cavity of cheek mucosa or
surface of gingiva.
• smaller : inserted in pockets.
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20. Advancement: Periochip
• cross-linked hydrolyzed gelatin and glycerin
• That provide local delivery of chlorhexidine digluconate.
• reduction in probing pocket depth
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22. 4.Gels
Gels are semisolid systems which widely came in
lime light for targeted delivery of antibiotics.
06-04-2017
22Garg T. (2014). Current nanotechnological approaches for an effective delivery of bio-active drug molecules in
the treatment of acne. Artif Cells Nanomed Biotechnol 1–8.

23. • single drug or combination of drugs.
• polymeric networks consisting of 3D cross-linked structures of
ionic interaction and hydrogen bonding .
• They have the ability to absorb water 10–20 times their
molecular weight and thus swell up.
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24. Advancement : in situ gel
This drug delivery system can be made in situ in nature
by using specific polymers.
 Kumari and coworkers formulated thermo sensitive in
situ gel for delivery of metronidazole benzoate and
serratiopeptidase using Poloxamer 407 and aerosil as
polymers
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24Garg T, Singh S, Goyal AK. (2013). Stimuli-sensitive hydrogels: an excellent carrier for drug and cell delivery. Crit
Rev Ther Drug Carrier

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27. 5. microparticle.
•Prepared using biodegradable or non
biodegradable materials.
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27Jayaprakash S, Halith SM, Firthouse P, et al. (2009). Preparation and evaluation of biodegradable microspheres of
methotrexate. Asian J Pharm 3:26–29.

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29. 6.Nanoparticles:
Advantages:
Penetrate the regions which are inaccessible to other delivery
systems
Increased stability
High dispersibility in aqueous medium
Controlled release of API 06-04-2017
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31. 7.Liposomes:
• They are designed to mimic the bio-membranes in terms of
structure and bio-behavior.
• These are microscopic lipid based vesicles,
• may be unilamellar or multilamellar,
• manufactured by using cholesterol, nontoxic surfactants,
glycolipids , Etc.
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31Garg T, Goyal AK. (2014b). Liposomes: targeted and controlled delivery system. Drug Deliv Lett 4:62–71.

32. Disadvatages:
like high production cost, short half-life, and leakage and
fusion of encapsulated drug/molecules are observed
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33. 8.Low dose antibiotics:
•In periodontitis increased production of collagenase.
•Low dose antibiotics (eg. Doxycycline) decrease
production of collagenase (enzymes).
•Low doses also decline the probability of bacterial
resistance and side effect.
06-04-2017
33Garg T, Bilandi A, Kapoor B. (2011a). Current status and future directions of new drug delivery
technologies. Int Res J Pharm 2:61–8.

34. Se in clinical inflammation observed in patient
consuming periostat 20 mg capsule containing 20
mg doxycycline.
.
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35. 9.Wafer:
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35Matthews, K. H., Stevens, H. N. E., Auffret, A. D. 2005. Lyophilised wafers as a drug delivery systems for wound
healing containing methylcellulose as a viscosity modifier. Int. J. Pharm. 289, 51- 62.

36. • Prepared by freeze drying the polymer solutions & gels to yield
the solid porous structures.
• They instantaneously adhere to the surfaces, absorb water&
transform from porous solids to highly viscous gels
• They can also be prepared by compression molding technique.
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37. 10. Nanofibers :
• Polymeric fibers
• Diameter in submicron or nanometer range
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38. Case study:
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39. Introduction:
•MET eluting electrospun PCL nanofibers.
•Electrospinning nanofibers:
1.Higher drug loaded capacity.
2.Very small diameter.
nanofibers were electrospun from PCL solution in
different mixture of DCM:DMF containing various
amount of MET. 06-04-2017
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40. Material
•Metronidazole : chemotherapeutic agent
•PCL (poly caprolactone ) : homopolymer
•DCM:DMF: solvent.
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41. Method:1.ELECTROSPINNING:
• 10.5%w/v of PCL.
• DCM:DMF : 90:10 , 80:20 , 70:30 v/v.
• MET : 5-15 % w/w respect to polymer.
• Thickness of nanofiber : 300 – 340 nm.
2. In vitro drug release studies
3.entrapment efficiency.
4.Viscosity and conductivity of solution.
5. SEM studies.
6.DSC studies .
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42. Result & discussion: physical characteristics
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a.70:30
b.80:20 c.90:10 v/v

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• The average fiber diameter of nanofibers were calculated
based on DMF content:
1.10% : 999nm
2.20% : 363nm
3.30% : 369 nm
• therefore DCM:DMF ratio of 80:20 v/v was selected for
further experiment.

45. Electric conductivity & viscosity
• Electric conductivity & viscosity of solution containing :
• PCL + various amount of MET + 80:20 ratio of DCM:DMF
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48. DSC:
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49. Entrapment efficiency :
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50. Drug release: solvent ratios
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51. Drug release : amount of drug.
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52. Conclusion:
 This could be an ideal treatment for periodontal
diseases.
 All electrospun nanofibers remained smooth and quite
flexible, without shrinkage during the period of
treatments, which may offer a desirable texture to be
used comfortably.
 Conclusively, such PCL electrospun nanofibers can be
used as a locally controlled delivery system for MET in
periodontal diseases.
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53. Conclusion:
advanced Drug delivery system plays most important role to
cure periodontitis faster and in easy way.
 various advances in local drug delivery enhances the
patient compliance.
 Advanced development in DDS has potential for superior
efficacy in the treatment of periodontitis.
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54. References
• Akıncıbay, H., Senel, S., Yetkin, Z. 2006. Application of Chitosan Gel in the Treatment of Chronic
Periodontitis. Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
• Chatterjee, A., Singh, N., Saluja, M., 2013. Gene therapy in periodontics. J. Indian. Soc. Periodontol.
17(2), 156-161
• El-Kamel, A. H., Ashri, L. Y., Alsarra1, I. A. 2007. Micromatricial Metronidazole Benzoate Film as a
Local Mucoadhesive Delivery System for Treatment of Periodontal Diseases. AAPS. PharmSciTech. 8
(3), E1-E11.
• Hirasawa, M., Takada, K., Makimura, M., Otake, S.2002. Improvement of periodontal status by green
tea catechin using a local delivery system: A clinical pilot study. J. Periodont. Res. 37, 433–438.
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55. References
Jain, N., Jain, G. K, Javed S., Iqbal Z. et al. 2008. Recent approaches for the treatment of periodontitis
Drug. Discovery. Today. 13, 932- 943
Matthews, K. H., Stevens, H. N. E., Auffret, A. D. 2005. Lyophilised wafers as a drug delivery systems fo
wound healing containing methylcellulose as a viscosity modifier. Int. J. Pharm. 289, 51- 62.
Mundargi, R. C., Srirangarajan, S., Agnihotri, S. A. et al. 2007. Development and evaluation of nove
biodegradable microspheres based on poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) and poly(ε-caprolactone) for controlle
delivery of doxycycline in the treatment of human periodontal pocket: In vitro and in vivo studies. J
Controlled. Release.119, 59–68.
Preshaw, P. M., Hefti, A. F., Jepsen, S., Etienne, D.2004. Subantimicrobial dose doxycycline as adjunctiv
treatment for periodontitis. J. Clin. Periodontol. 31,697–707.
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56. Thank you……………….!!!!!
cure
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