Industria materials

1. Aluminium &
It’s Alloys
Prperties and Characteristic
Group no:7
Group Members:
Abdul Rehman Baig 2019-IM-20
M.Ishfaaq 2019-IM-01
M.Qaisar 2019-IM-28
Maliha Shafique 2019-IM-03
Iqra Riaz 2019-IM-13

2. WHAT IS
ALUMINUM
?
 Most and Widely used
Non-Ferrous Metal
 By Mass, Aluminum
makes up about 8% of
earth crust
 3rd most abundant element
after oxygen and silicon
 Second to steel in quantity
and usage
 Used in transportation,
packaging, containers,
building construction, etc.

3. GENERAL
PROPERTIES
 Workability (Ductile And
Malleable)
 Light Weight
 Strong Proportion To Its Weight
 Corrosion Resistance
 Thermal And Electrical
Conductivity
 Optical Reflectivity
 Easily Finished

4. CHARACTERISTICS OF
ALUMINUM
Three times more expensive than steel
Easily recycled with no loss in quality
About a 50% recycling rate in the United States
Biggest weakness of aluminum is its low modulus of elasticity About 1/3
that of steel
Widely used in Industrial purpose

5. COMMERCIALLY PURE
ALUMINUM
 Soft
 Ductile
 Low Strength
 In the Annealed condition, pure aluminum has about 1/5th the strength of hot rolled
steel
 Due to the light weighting of Aluminum It Is replaced by Copper As Electrical-
Conductor

6. ALUMINUM VS. STEEL
 A selection between aluminum and steel depends on different variables
I. Cost
II. Weight
III. Corrosion resistance
IV. Maintenance expense
V. Thermal or electrical conductivity
 For the automotive industry, aluminum has become increasingly used because of its lower strength to
weight ratio and Therefore improves fuel efficiency
 Use of aluminum in vehicles has doubled in cars and tripled in SUVs

7. 1.COST EFFECTIVE
 In Raw material cost, Aluminum is Three times more expensive than steel
 According to MIT; Conversation cost of Aluminum is Twice than Steel
 In Assembly cost, Aluminum was 20-30% more expensive than steel
 In total, an Aluminum structure is estimated at 60-80% more expensive than a Steel

8. 2.WEIGHT SAVINGS
DESIGNS
Figure 8-3a) (Left) The space frame chassis
for the 2005 Ford GT is comprised of 35
aluminum extrusions, 7 complex castings, 2
semisolid castings, and various aluminum
panels, some superplastic ally formed.
(Courtesy Ford Motor, Dearborn, MI; and
Hydro Aluminum of North America
Linthicum, MD.)
Figure 8-3b) (Right) The aluminum frame of the 2006
Corvette Z06 yielded a 30% weight savings compared to
the previous steel design. (Courtesy of General Motors,
Detroit, MI.)
Aluminum is one third(1/3) weight
of steel

9. 3.CORROSION RESISTANCE
 Pure aluminum is reactive and is easily oxidized
 Oxide provides corrosion resistance layer
 Aluminum oxides are not as reactive as pure aluminum
and therefore are not as corrosion resistant
 Oxide coating may cause difficult when welding
 Welding may be done in a vacuum or in inert gas
atmospheres

10. Classification System
Aluminum alloy can be divided into two groups based on the method of fabrication:
Wrought aluminum alloys
Casting aluminum alloys
Other Forms of Aluminum
Aluminum-Lithium Alloys
Aluminum Foams

11. 1.Wrought Aluminum Alloys
 Are Shaped as Solids
 Better Mechanical Properties
 Low yield strength
 High ductility
 Good fracture resistance
 Good strain hardening
 Ease of Manufacture(welding, Machining)
 Ease of Forming(Extrusion)

12. 2.Wrought
aluminum
alloys
Alloy can be Identified by a four Digit
Number.
• First digit indicates the major alloy
element
• Second digit indicate a modification
• Last two digits indicate the alloy family
Temper designations
• F: fabricated
• H: strain hardened
• O: annealed
• T: thermally treated
• W: solution-heat-treated only

13. 2.Wrought Aluminum Alloys

14. 2.Wrought
Aluminum Alloys
Applications:
• Extrusions
• Aircraft Airframes
• Welding Rods
• Cooking Utensils
• Pressure Vessels
• Motorcycle Frames
• Sheeting

15. 2.ALUMINUM CASTING
ALLOYS
• This alloy is a casted type.
• Low melting point
• High fluidity
• Low tensile Strength
• Low ductility
• Resistance to hot cracking during and after solidification
• Lower price
• Wide Range of Shapes(Due to casting)

16. 2.ALUMINUM CASTING ALLOYS

17. 2.ALUMINUM CASTING ALLOYS
 Applications:
• Machine Tools
• Engine Cylinder Head
• Gear Box Housing
• Cast Wheels
• Window Fittings
• Farm Equipment
• Garden Tools

18. OTHER
FORMS OF
ALUMINUM
 Aluminum-Lithium Alloys
• Lithium is the lightest of all Metallic
• Light weight with Higher strength and
Higher stiffness
• Each percent of lithium reduces the
overall weight by 3% and increases
stiffness by 6%
• Fracture toughness, ductility, and stress
corrosion are lower
• Use Mostly in Aerospace and
Aviation(80% Commercial Aircrafts)

19. OTHER FORMS OF
ALUMINUM
 Aluminum Foams
• Made by mixing ceramic particles with
molten aluminum and blowing gas into the
mixture
• Resembles metallic Styrofoam
• Provide excellent thermal insulation, vibration
damping, and sound absorption
• Fuel cells of race cars may use aluminum
foams

20. THE END