Abp Final Slides
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This document discusses prioritizing novel drug targets for Plasmodium falciparum, the parasite that causes malaria. It outlines criteria for prioritizing targets, including essentiality, druggability, selectivity, stage specificity, and assayability. Five drug targets were selected based on fulfilling these criteria, having structural information available, and evidence of in vivo inhibition. One example target discussed is adenosine deaminase. The conclusion states that with no effective vaccine available, drug targets are important for developing new malaria treatments.
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Evaluation of toxicities induced by chemotherapy in breast cancer patients
This study evaluated toxicities in breast cancer patients receiving chemotherapy. Patients who received 6 cycles of CMF chemotherapy showed low red blood cell, white blood cell and platelet counts, as well as elevated liver enzymes and lactate dehydrogenase, compared to newly diagnosed patients who did not receive chemotherapy. Patients who received both CMF and tamoxifen had higher red blood cell counts and lower alkaline phosphatase levels than those who only received CMF.
Limitations of animal models part 1
Animal studies have several limitations for predicting human outcomes, including interspecies differences in disease susceptibility, pharmacokinetics, and responses to stress. Studies in stressful laboratory environments and using chronic high doses can distort results. Alternatives to animal testing are needed and should incorporate the principles of reduction, replacement, and refinement. These include addressing methodological issues in animal experiments like small sample sizes, lack of randomization and blinding, and conflicts of interest. The external validity of animal models is reduced due to differences between young, healthy research animals and elderly, comorbid human patients.
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Pharmacogenomics deals with how genetic variations influence individual responses to drugs in terms of efficacy and toxicity. It aims to identify those more or less likely to respond to a drug or require altered dosing based on their genes. For example, the enzyme CYP2C19 metabolizes the blood thinner Clopidogrel, and genetic variations in this enzyme affect how well individuals respond. Implementing pharmacogenomics into medical practice could help personalize treatment by selecting optimal drugs and doses for each patient based on their genetic profile. However, barriers include the complexity of genetic variations, identifying which genes affect drugs, and educating physicians.
Target Validation Academy Of Medical Sciences 1 Dec 2006
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Evaluation of toxicities induced by chemotherapy in breast cancer patients
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Animal studies have several limitations for predicting human outcomes, including interspecies differences in disease susceptibility, pharmacokinetics, and responses to stress. Studies in stressful laboratory environments and using chronic high doses can distort results. Alternatives to animal testing are needed and should incorporate the principles of reduction, replacement, and refinement. These include addressing methodological issues in animal experiments like small sample sizes, lack of randomization and blinding, and conflicts of interest. The external validity of animal models is reduced due to differences between young, healthy research animals and elderly, comorbid human patients.
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Lipinski Jmrc Lecture1 Nov2008
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Suraj bhong` presentation on drug design satara, contact- 9096288631
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This study investigated the in vitro effects of simvastatin and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) on human colorectal cancer cell lines. The study found that pretreating cells with simvastatin sensitizes colorectal cancer cell lines to 5-FU-induced apoptosis in a caspase-independent manner involving reactive oxygen species generation. Pretreatment with simvastatin downregulated the expression of Mcl-1 and Bcl-2 proteins, indicating sensitization to 5-FU occurs through inhibition of these two proteins. The results suggest that combining simvastatin and 5-FU may be an effective treatment strategy for colorectal cancer.
Pharmacogenomics
- Pharmacogenomics deals with how genetic variations influence individual responses to drugs in terms of efficacy and toxicity. It aims to identify individuals who are more or less likely to respond to drugs or require altered doses.
- Pharmacogenetics studies variations in targeted genes or related genes, while pharmacogenomics uses genetic information to guide individualized drug and dose choice.
- Genetic polymorphisms like SNPs can result in different amino acids, protein changes, or no effect. They influence drug metabolism and response.
- Pharmacogenomics offers advantages like personalized medicine but faces barriers like complexity, education needs, and drug company incentives. It is being applied in various stages of clinical trials from target identification to dosing.
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This document discusses methods for drug discovery including extracting compounds from natural sources and rational drug design. It describes accidental discoveries like LSD and penicillin. Rational drug design uses structure-based and ligand-based approaches including determining biological targets, virtual screening, molecular docking, and optimization. High-throughput screening tests small molecules and virtual high-throughput screening uses computational methods. Chirality and absolute configuration can be determined through techniques like x-ray crystallography and vibrational circular dichroism. Future directions include continued computational and high-throughput approaches.
pharmacogenomics by rajesh .I
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Placebos are used in vaccine trials to compare results of the vaccine to a control group. Researchers administer placebos to observe how many trial volunteers naturally contract the virus in each group. For emergency use authorization in the US, if the number of inoculated volunteers contracting Covid-19 is at least 50% lower than the placebo group, the FDA can grant emergency use.
PGx Poster
The document discusses cytochrome P450 enzymes and their role in metabolizing various drugs. It notes that determining a person's CYP450 genotype can help classify them as a poor, normal, intermediate, or ultra-rapid metabolizer. This classification can predict how effectively and safely a person may respond to and process certain medications. The document then lists many common drugs metabolized by specific CYP450 enzyme systems like CYP2D6, CYP3A4, and CYP2C9, and whether being a different type of metabolizer could influence dosing needs or risk of side effects for these drugs.
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Suraj bhong` presentation on drug design satara, contact- 9096288631
This document outlines the process of drug development from discovery through FDA approval. It discusses key stages including drug design, preclinical testing, clinical trials, and FDA review. The goals at each stage are to demonstrate that new drugs are safe, effective, and high quality. The drug development process aims to identify disease targets, design drugs to act on those targets, and test drugs through a multi-year process to prove their safety and efficacy before approval and marketing. Regulatory review by agencies like the FDA helps to ensure that distributed drugs meet prescribed quality standards.
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This document provides an overview of pharmacogenomics. It defines pharmacogenomics as the study of how genetic variations influence individual drug responses. It discusses how single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) can alter drug metabolism and response. Examples are provided of genes like G6PD, TPMT, CYP2D6 and CYP2C9 that influence drug toxicity and efficacy. Benefits of pharmacogenomics include more powerful and safer drugs through personalized treatment based on an individual's genetic profile. Ethical concerns around privacy, discrimination, and drug availability are also discussed.
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An overview of drug discovery
One of the lectures that I did for the graduate students at USP São Carlos . The photograph in the title slide was taken in Asunción.
Benefits of pharmacogenomics
benefits of pharmacogenomics,better safe drugs, drug doses, advanced screening for disease, better vaccines, low healthcare cost
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This study investigated the in vitro effects of simvastatin and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) on human colorectal cancer cell lines. The study found that pretreating cells with simvastatin sensitizes colorectal cancer cell lines to 5-FU-induced apoptosis in a caspase-independent manner involving reactive oxygen species generation. Pretreatment with simvastatin downregulated the expression of Mcl-1 and Bcl-2 proteins, indicating sensitization to 5-FU occurs through inhibition of these two proteins. The results suggest that combining simvastatin and 5-FU may be an effective treatment strategy for colorectal cancer.
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- Genetic polymorphisms like SNPs can result in different amino acids, protein changes, or no effect. They influence drug metabolism and response.
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Drug Discovery Presentation
This document discusses methods for drug discovery including extracting compounds from natural sources and rational drug design. It describes accidental discoveries like LSD and penicillin. Rational drug design uses structure-based and ligand-based approaches including determining biological targets, virtual screening, molecular docking, and optimization. High-throughput screening tests small molecules and virtual high-throughput screening uses computational methods. Chirality and absolute configuration can be determined through techniques like x-ray crystallography and vibrational circular dichroism. Future directions include continued computational and high-throughput approaches.
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Placebos are used in vaccine trials to compare results of the vaccine to a control group. Researchers administer placebos to observe how many trial volunteers naturally contract the virus in each group. For emergency use authorization in the US, if the number of inoculated volunteers contracting Covid-19 is at least 50% lower than the placebo group, the FDA can grant emergency use.
PGx Poster
The document discusses cytochrome P450 enzymes and their role in metabolizing various drugs. It notes that determining a person's CYP450 genotype can help classify them as a poor, normal, intermediate, or ultra-rapid metabolizer. This classification can predict how effectively and safely a person may respond to and process certain medications. The document then lists many common drugs metabolized by specific CYP450 enzyme systems like CYP2D6, CYP3A4, and CYP2C9, and whether being a different type of metabolizer could influence dosing needs or risk of side effects for these drugs.
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Access to Research
Date 11-08-2018
Venue Conference HAll NIAS IISc campus
Conference and workshops for clinical practitioners to introduce them to modern tools and an alternative approach to modern scientific research.
Purpose
1. Build a network of physicians across the country
2 Train physicians to analyse clinical data and restructure it to make it compatible with research standards
3. Introduce modern tools to understand the mechanism of actions of medicine
4. Introduce artificial intelligence and machine learning to clinical practitioners to support decision-making processes
Access to Science
Clinical experience and traditional knowledge are important sources of data that affect decision making processes in modern healthcare systems. This data should be made accessible for scientific evaluation and validation to improve healthcare worldwide. The Open Source Pharma Foundation believes that clinical practitioners from various disciplines should have the right to access research so that they can help identify problems, contribute their scientific knowledge, and support the discovery ecosystem.
Background
The majority of medical practitioners working on the ground level with patients do not take part in open clinical research worldwide. However, the data collected and owned by them plays an important role in establishing better discovery pathways. Through this workshop, we seek to open opportunities to enhance health care systems around the world and to overcome the following challenges faced by medical practitioners.
1. Regulatory limitations
2. Academic limitations
3. Time constraints
4. Lack of access to modern tools
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GUIDLINES FOR REPRODUCTIVE TOXICOLOGY,Strategies for reproductive toxicity assessment,The International Council for Harmonisation,of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use
A story of drug development
The document provides an overview of the drug development process from discovery of a lead compound through clinical trials and regulatory approval. Key steps include identifying a biological target, using high-throughput screening to discover lead compounds, conducting preclinical testing on lead compounds, and then Phase I-III clinical trials on humans to test safety and efficacy before regulatory approval and marketing. The process takes over a decade and costs billions due to extensive testing required to bring a new medicine to patients.
biotechnology in pharmaceutical sciences perspective
The document discusses traditional and modern approaches to drug design and discovery. Traditional drug discovery was not target-based and involved random screening, trial and error methods, and serendipity. Modern drug discovery is more systematic and can involve rational drug design approaches like receptor-based design and pharmacophore-based design using computer-assisted tools. Key events in drug design evolution include the development of recombinant DNA technology and genomics, which enabled target-based discovery. Lipinski's rule of five and the rule of three are also discussed as guidelines for drug-like and lead-like properties. The document provides hepatitis B as an example drug target and outlines its viral replication cycle and potential drug targets.
Similar to Abp Final Slides (20)
Ich (s5 r2) The International Council for Harmonisationof Technical Requireme...
Ich (s5 r2) The International Council for Harmonisationof Technical Requireme...
biotechnology in pharmaceutical sciences perspective
biotechnology in pharmaceutical sciences perspective
Abp Final Slides
- 1. Aim: Prioritising 5 novel drug targets for P. falciparum Clara Lin Rohan Puri Mushira Che Mokhtar Joyna Chen Eric Kuek Li-eon Billy Po Colleen Chan
- 5. Venn Diagram
- 9. Search Criteria (4): Stage Specificity Life Cycle of Plasmodium sp.