About the earth Inside & Outside
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The document discusses the structure of Earth. It describes that Earth has a solid iron and nickel core, a mantle made of rock surrounding the core, and a thin crust at the surface. It also notes that Earth has an atmosphere containing oxygen, a lithosphere of solid rock including the crust and upper mantle, a hydrosphere made up of water elements, and a biosphere where plants and animals live. Additionally, it summarizes Alfred Wegener's theory of continental drift from 1912, which proposed that Earth was once a supercontinent that separated over millions of years due to seafloor spreading.
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The atmosphere is the air that surrounds the Earth. It is a mixture of gases, mainly nitrogen and oxygen, as well as small amounts of carbon dioxide, ozone, and water vapor. The atmosphere has different layers - the troposphere at the bottom where plants and animals live, and the stratosphere above it containing the ozone layer. Weather phenomena such as precipitation and wind occur in the atmosphere.
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Candidates should be able to:
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The document discusses the four main layers of Earth's interior:
1. The crust is the outermost layer made of granite or basalt and is the thinnest layer.
2. The mantle is the largest layer made of hot, solid rock that can flow like a liquid. It includes the lithosphere.
3. The outer core is liquid and generates Earth's magnetic field.
4. The inner core is solid and lies at the center of Earth.
Earth layers
The Earth is divided into four main layers - the crust, mantle, outer core, and inner core. The crust is the outermost layer and makes up only 1% of the Earth. Below the crust lies the mantle, which is the largest layer and consists of the upper and lower mantle. At the center are the inner and outer core, with the outer core being liquid iron that generates the Earth's magnetic field and the inner core being solid iron.
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This document contains solutions to textbook exercises for grade 7 geography. It discusses the composition of Earth's interior in 3 parts: crust, mantle, and core. It describes 3 types of faults: normal, transform, and reverse. It discusses the effects of earthquakes and instruments used to measure them. It analyzes volcanism and its effects. It explains the 3 types of volcanoes and their distribution. It also contains short answers and multiple choice questions related to these topics.
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The document provides information about the Earth's structure and composition. It describes the four main layers from outermost to innermost - the crust, mantle, outer core, and inner core. The crust is the thinnest layer and is composed of either continental or oceanic crust depending on its location. Beneath the crust is the mantle, which extends to a depth of 2,900 km. The outer core is made mostly of iron and nickel and the inner core has very high temperature and pressure.
3. Structure of Earth Notes
The document discusses the structure and composition of the Earth. It is made up of layers from the crust on the outside to the core at the center. The crust and upper mantle make up the lithosphere which rests on the asthenosphere. Below the mantle is the core, with an outer liquid layer and inner solid center. Seismic waves provide evidence about the interior layers since humans have only been able to drill down 12 km.
The Four Realms of the Earth
The document describes the four major realms that make up the Earth - the lithosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere, and biosphere. It provides details on each realm:
The lithosphere includes the crust and upper mantle of the Earth. It is the rigid outer shell. The hydrosphere is all the water on, under, and over the Earth's surface, including oceans, lakes, rivers, groundwater, and atmospheric water. The atmosphere is a layer of gases surrounding the planet, composed primarily of nitrogen, oxygen, and trace amounts of other gases like carbon dioxide. It is divided into four layers - troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, and thermosphere. The biosphere encompasses all
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The document discusses the four main layers of Earth's interior:
1. The crust is the outermost layer made of granite or basalt and is the thinnest layer.
2. The mantle is the largest layer made of hot, solid rock that can flow like a liquid. It includes the lithosphere.
3. The outer core is liquid and generates Earth's magnetic field.
4. The inner core is solid and lies at the center of Earth.
Earth layers
The Earth is divided into four main layers - the crust, mantle, outer core, and inner core. The crust is the outermost layer and makes up only 1% of the Earth. Below the crust lies the mantle, which is the largest layer and consists of the upper and lower mantle. At the center are the inner and outer core, with the outer core being liquid iron that generates the Earth's magnetic field and the inner core being solid iron.
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This document contains solutions to textbook exercises for grade 7 geography. It discusses the composition of Earth's interior in 3 parts: crust, mantle, and core. It describes 3 types of faults: normal, transform, and reverse. It discusses the effects of earthquakes and instruments used to measure them. It analyzes volcanism and its effects. It explains the 3 types of volcanoes and their distribution. It also contains short answers and multiple choice questions related to these topics.
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The document provides information about the Earth's structure and composition. It describes the four main layers from outermost to innermost - the crust, mantle, outer core, and inner core. The crust is the thinnest layer and is composed of either continental or oceanic crust depending on its location. Beneath the crust is the mantle, which extends to a depth of 2,900 km. The outer core is made mostly of iron and nickel and the inner core has very high temperature and pressure.
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The document discusses the structure and composition of the Earth. It is made up of layers from the crust on the outside to the core at the center. The crust and upper mantle make up the lithosphere which rests on the asthenosphere. Below the mantle is the core, with an outer liquid layer and inner solid center. Seismic waves provide evidence about the interior layers since humans have only been able to drill down 12 km.
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The document summarizes the three main layers that make up the structure of the Earth:
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2. The mantle is the largest layer and is divided into upper and lower mantle. It is composed mainly of iron and magnesium and contains most of the Earth's internal heat.
3. The core is divided into a solid inner core and liquid outer core. The outer core is responsible for the Earth's magnetic field and rotation, while the inner core is made mostly of solid iron.
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The document provides information about the structure and composition of the Earth. It details that the Earth has three main layers - the crust, mantle, and core. The crust is the solid outer layer, ranging from 5-70km thick and composed of continental and oceanic crust. Below is the mantle that extends from 25-2900km deep and is composed of silicate rocks. The innermost layer is the core which is made of nickel and iron, with the outer core being semi-molten and the inner core solid.
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The Earth is divided into four main layers from outermost to innermost: the crust, mantle, outer core, and inner core. The crust makes up only 1% of the Earth's volume and is broken into tectonic plates, while the mantle is the largest layer and divided into upper and lower sections. Below the mantle lies the outer core, which is liquid and composed of iron, and the inner core, where extreme heat and pressure cause metals to be squeezed into a solid state.
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The document summarizes the three main layers that make up the structure of the Earth:
1. The crust is the outermost layer and is divided into continental and oceanic crust. The continental crust is thicker while the oceanic crust is thinner.
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The document summarizes Earth's structure and composition. It describes that Earth has distinct layers including the crust, mantle, and core. The crust and upper mantle form Earth's lithosphere which is separated into tectonic plates. The mantle circulates heat via convection currents which drive plate tectonics. Earth's inner core is solid iron while the outer core is liquid nickel-iron alloy. Earth's magnetic field is generated by convection currents in the outer core which protects life from solar radiation.
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The document discusses the four main layers that make up the Earth - the crust, mantle, outer core, and inner core. It describes each layer in detail, including their composition and physical properties. The mantle is divided into sections including the asthenosphere, which is a soft, plastic-like layer that causes plate tectonics by pushing the plates across its surface through convection currents within the Earth.
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The document provides information about the structure and composition of the Earth. It details that the Earth has three main layers - the crust, mantle, and core. The crust is the solid outer layer, ranging from 5-70km thick and composed of continental and oceanic crust. Below is the mantle that extends from 25-2900km deep and is composed of silicate rocks. The innermost layer is the core which is made of nickel and iron, with the outer core being semi-molten and the inner core solid.
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Earth has four main interacting systems: the atmosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere, and geosphere. The atmosphere is made up of air and gases that surround the planet. The hydrosphere consists of all water on Earth's surface and underground. The biosphere is made up of all life on Earth and the areas where life exists. The geosphere is the solid part of the planet including land and rocks. These four systems interact through processes like the water cycle and food chains.
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Iya ini ni Manay Mir. Isa ka maayo nga tinuga sang CHMSU. Mabout gd siya nga bata. She is the one that got near.
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This document provides an introduction to environmental science, describing the unique characteristics of planet Earth that enable life. It discusses the lithosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere, and biosphere. The lithosphere contains three main rock types and the hydrosphere is made up mostly of oceans. The atmosphere protects life from radiation and is composed primarily of nitrogen and oxygen. It also contains four layers, including the troposphere where weather occurs. Finally, the biosphere encompasses all life on Earth across the other spheres in a complex network of interactions.
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The document provides an overview of planet Earth and its oceans. It discusses four main topics: 1) the formation of Earth and its atmosphere/oceans from a nebula approximately 4.6 billion years ago, 2) Earth's internal structure of layered shells by density, 3) early life emerging in oceans over 3.5 billion years ago, and 4) scientific dating methods used to determine Earth's age and origin of life.
EE Chapter 1 "Planet Earth"
This document provides an overview of Planet Earth, including its key components that support life. It discusses the lithosphere (land), hydrosphere (water), and atmosphere (air). It explains that Earth maintains a stable temperature suitable for life due to water absorbing and releasing heat. It also notes that air is a mixture of gases like nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide and water vapor. The document then covers the specific layers of Earth's atmosphere and winds. It defines the biosphere as all parts of Earth that support life.
Earth subsystems
1. The Earth can be understood as a complex system consisting of interacting subsystems - the geosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere, and biosphere.
2. These subsystems constantly exchange energy and matter through biogeochemical cycles like the carbon, water, and rock cycles. The sun is the main external source powering these cycles.
3. Together, the subsystems have coevolved over billions of years through processes operating across a wide range of spatial and temporal scales, from microns to thousands of kilometers and milliseconds to millions of years.
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About the earth Inside & Outside
- 1. CHAPTER 2 SECTION 1 The Earth Inside and Out
- 2. THE SOLAR SYSTEM Consists of the sun and 8 regular planets
- 3. STRUCTURE OF THE EARTH: INSIDE Core: center of earth Made of iron and nickel Outer core is liquid Inner core is solid Mantle: Several layers surrounding core Contains most of the earth’s mass Crust: Thin layer of rock at earth’s surface Magma: molten rock in mantle or crust
- 4. STRUCTURE OF THE EARTH: INSIDE
- 5. STRUCTURE OF THE EARTH: ON AND ABOVE Atmosphere: layer of gases surrounding earth Contains oxygen we breathe Protects earth from radiation and space debris Provides medium for weather and climate
- 6. STRUCTURE OF THE EARTH: ON AND ABOVE Lithosphere: Solid rock portion of the earth Includes crust and uppermost mantle Forms seafloor under the ocean
- 7. STRUCTURE OF THE EARTH: ON AND ABOVE Hydrosphere: made up of water elements on the earth Includes oceans, seas, rivers, lakes, and water in atmosphere Biosphere: atmosphere, lithosphere, hydrosphere combined Where plants and animals live
- 8. STRUCTURE OF THE EARTH: ON AND ABOVE
- 9. CONTINENTAL DRIFT Presented in 1912 by German scientist Alfred Wegener Said earth was once supercontinent that divided slowly over millions of years Supercontinent- PANGAEA- Greek for “all earth” Seafloor spreading confirmed continental drift New crust in middle of ocean , pushing continents apart