1. Tractor drawn harrows are secondary tillage implements used after ploughing to break up clods and smooth the soil surface.
2. There are several types of harrows including disc, spike tooth, spring tooth, triangular, and Acme harrows.
3. Disc harrows are well-suited for hard ground with stalks and grasses, using rotating discs to cut soil lumps and roots.
Operation and management of primary and secondary tillageagriyouthnepal
Er. Uttam Raj Timilsina(MSc.Engineering,IIT Roorkee)
Professor of Agricultural Engineering,Agriculture and Forestry University (AFU), Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal
uttamrajtimilsina@gmail.com
*All Right Reserved**
Uploaded and Shared by AgriYouthNepal
Operation and management of primary and secondary tillageagriyouthnepal
Er. Uttam Raj Timilsina(MSc.Engineering,IIT Roorkee)
Professor of Agricultural Engineering,Agriculture and Forestry University (AFU), Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal
uttamrajtimilsina@gmail.com
*All Right Reserved**
Uploaded and Shared by AgriYouthNepal
Primary & Secondary tillage Implements and their usesSazib akan
Tillage is the manipulation of the soil into a desired condition by mechanical means; tools are employed to achieve some desired effect (such as pulverization, cutting, or movement). cultivator. agricultural technology: Fallow system and tillage techniques. cereal farming: Seedbed preparation.
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optics at visible wavelengths.
Primary & Secondary tillage Implements and their usesSazib akan
Tillage is the manipulation of the soil into a desired condition by mechanical means; tools are employed to achieve some desired effect (such as pulverization, cutting, or movement). cultivator. agricultural technology: Fallow system and tillage techniques. cereal farming: Seedbed preparation.
Similar to Tractor Drawn Harrows by Dhivyadharshini (20)
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Since volcanic activity was first discovered on Io from Voyager images in 1979, changes
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Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Slide 2: Introduction to Extrachromosomal Inheritance
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Slide 3: Mitochondrial Inheritance
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Examples: Variegation in plants, where leaf color patterns are determined by chloroplast DNA.
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This pdf is about the Schizophrenia.
For more details visit on YouTube; @SELF-EXPLANATORY;
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2. INTRODUCTION
Tractor Drawn Harrows comes under Secondary Tillage Implements.
Different types of implements like cultivators, harrows, planks and rollers are used
for secondary tillage.
In agriculture, a harrow is a farm implement used for surface tillage. It is used after
ploughing for breaking up and smoothing out the surface of the soil.
The purpose of harrowing is to break up clods and to provide a soil structure, called
tilth, that is suitable for planting seeds.
3. HARROWS
Harrow is a secondary tillage implement used for a variety of jobs in
crop cultivation.
TYPES OF HARROW
The disc harrow
blade harrow
spike tooth harrow
spring tooth harrow
triangular harrow
acme harrow
4. DISC HARROW
Disc harrow is found very suitable for hard
ground, full of stalks and grasses.
It cuts the lumps of soil, clods and roots.
Discs are mounted on one, two or more
axles which may be set at a variable angle
to the line of motion.
As the harrow is pulled ahead, the discs
rotate on the ground.
Depending upon the disc arrangements,
Disc harrows are divided into two classes
a) Single action
b) Double action
7. DISC: IT IS A CIRCULAR CONCAVE DISC WHICH CUTS AND INVERTS THE SOIL.
PLAIN DISC ,CUT AWAY DISC
GANG: EACH SET OF DISCS THAT ARE MOUNTED ON A COMMON SHAFT IS CALLED THE
GANG.
GANG BOLT OR ARBOR BOLT: IT IS A LONG HEAVY SQUARE HEADED BOLT
GANG ANGLE.- THE ANGLE BETWEEN THE AXIS OF THE GANG BOLT AND THE
DIRECTION OF TRAVEL IS CALLED THE GANG ANGLE.
GANG CONTROL LEVER: THIS LEVER IS USED TO CHANGE THE GANG ANGLE OF THE
GANGS WHICH IN TURN ALTERS THE WIDTH OF OPERATION.
8. Spool or spacer: The flanged tube, mounted on the gang bolt between every
two discs to prevent the lateral movement of the disc on the shaft is called
the `spool’
Bearing: Bearing is essential for frictionless rotation of the gang.
Transport wheel: In trailing type disc harrows, transport wheels are provided
for transport of the harrow on roads without damage to the edges of the
discs .
Scraper: It removes the soil that may stick to the concave side of the disc
while working and thus prevents clogging of the discs.
Weight box: A box like frame is provided on the main frame of the harrow for
putting additional weight on the implement to increase the penetration of the
disc in the soil.
9. SPIKE TOOTH HARROW
It is a harrow with pegs shaped teeth of diamond cross section to a rectangular
frame as working part fitted in a rigid articulated or flexible frame
The harrow is an excellent tool for pre-emergence cultivation to break the rain-
firmed crust and small weeds.
It generally works about 2 inches of depth. Spike tooth harrows may be of rigid
type and flexible type.
SPRING TOOTH HARROW
Spring tooth harrow is also called as quack grass, and Bermuda grass
eradicator.
Spring tooth harrow is fitted with springs having loops of elliptical shape.
It gives a spring action in working condition.
It is used in the soil when obstruction Spring tooth harrow like stone, roots and
weeds are hidden below the ground surface.
10.
11. ACME HARROW
Also known as blade harrow;
curved knife-tooth harrow;
pulverizers.
It is a special type of harrow
having curved knives. It is also
called as knife harrow.
The front part of the knife breaks
the soil and crushes the clods .
This harrow obtains a good
pulverization. It is good for mulching
also
PATELA
It is a wooden plank used for
smoothening the soil and crushing
the weeds
12.
TRIANGULAR HARROW
It is a spike tooth harrow with
triangular frame .
The frame is made of wood and
pointed spikes are fitted in the
frame.
BLADE HARROW (BAKHAR OR GUNTAKA)
It is a spike tooth harrow with triangular frame
The frame is made of wood and pointed spikes
are fitted in the frame.
The teeth of the spikes are fixed and not
adjustable Animal drawn implement used to
prepare seedbeds in clayey soils and soil mulch
for soil moisture conservation
13. Advantages
Harrow can break up surface crusts and soil clods.
You can use a harrow for cultivating the land with great
precision.
It is helpful for improving the aeration and surface uniformity
of the land.
You can eliminate the already emerged weeds.
Also, you can use it in any type of soil.
Moreover, it helps in pulverising the soil
14. Disadvantages
Harrowing the soil requires regular proper training and is time-
consuming.
Harrowing excessively moist or excessively dry soil can disrupt the
properties of soil which makes it problematic for planting.
Harrowing can be a host for insects and plant infections to grow
and blossom freely.
![FMP211-FARM MACHINERYAND POWER [1+1]
TRACTOR DRAWN HARROWS
M.DHIVYADHARSHINI
2021022023](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/dhivyadharshinipowerpoint-231228080722-5690b552/85/Tractor-Drawn-Harrows-by-Dhivyadharshini-1-320.jpg)
