An arterial blood gas (ABG) test is a blood test that requires a sample from an artery in your body to measure the levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide in your blood. The test also checks the balance of acids and bases, known as the pH balance, in your blood.
These slides represent how to manage patients on a mechanical ventilator? Easy understanding of using ventilators. indication of mechanical ventilator use. How to wean a patient from a mechanical ventilator? How to fine-tune the ventilator settings?
These slides represent how to manage patients on a mechanical ventilator? Easy understanding of using ventilators. indication of mechanical ventilator use. How to wean a patient from a mechanical ventilator? How to fine-tune the ventilator settings?
Predictors of weaning from mechanical ventilator outcomeMuhammad Asim Rana
This is a very useful presentation for respiratory therapists and ICU and Emergency physicians. Intended to teach how to assess you patient's readiness for weaning from mechanical ventilator and successful separation from machine.
one can learn the step by step approach of ABG interpritation and its analysis from basics with the help of different case scenarios,Ref-NEJM article regarding physiological approach to acid base disbalance
Scores in Pulmonary Medicine & Critical Care by Dr. Jebin AbrahamJebin Abraham
Scores used in pulmonary and critical care medicine, ICU and emergency medical wards etc. It includes glasgow coma scale,Dyspnea scoring,Clubbing, Anemia, edema, shock,SGRQ, CAT Score, ABCD assessment of COPD, BODE index, asthma,abpa,byssinosis,cURB-65,SOAR, PSI,CPIS, APACHE,WELLS score, YEARS sore,GENEVA score, PIOPED criteria, LIghts criteria,OSA, Berlin questionnaire, Lung cancer, Cancer staging, ICU and critical care, mallampati score, Revised trauma score, SOFA score, SAPS, Scadding staging of sarcoidosis etc. Scores are adapted from various internet and other sources and combined by Dr. Jebin Abraham
Predictors of weaning from mechanical ventilator outcomeMuhammad Asim Rana
This is a very useful presentation for respiratory therapists and ICU and Emergency physicians. Intended to teach how to assess you patient's readiness for weaning from mechanical ventilator and successful separation from machine.
one can learn the step by step approach of ABG interpritation and its analysis from basics with the help of different case scenarios,Ref-NEJM article regarding physiological approach to acid base disbalance
Scores in Pulmonary Medicine & Critical Care by Dr. Jebin AbrahamJebin Abraham
Scores used in pulmonary and critical care medicine, ICU and emergency medical wards etc. It includes glasgow coma scale,Dyspnea scoring,Clubbing, Anemia, edema, shock,SGRQ, CAT Score, ABCD assessment of COPD, BODE index, asthma,abpa,byssinosis,cURB-65,SOAR, PSI,CPIS, APACHE,WELLS score, YEARS sore,GENEVA score, PIOPED criteria, LIghts criteria,OSA, Berlin questionnaire, Lung cancer, Cancer staging, ICU and critical care, mallampati score, Revised trauma score, SOFA score, SAPS, Scadding staging of sarcoidosis etc. Scores are adapted from various internet and other sources and combined by Dr. Jebin Abraham
This presentation discuss about acid-base-gas normal ratio and its indication in relation to varying abnormal level and how to manage it. This includes clinical analysis practice.
Peritoneal dialysis is a treatment for kidney failure that uses the lining of your abdomen, or belly, to filter your blood inside your body. Health care providers call this lining the peritoneum. A few weeks before you start peritoneal dialysis, a surgeon places a soft tube, called a catheter, in your belly.
Omeprazole, sold under the brand names Prilosec and Losec, among others, is a medication used in the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), peptic ulcer disease, and Zollinger–Ellison syndrome.It is also used to prevent upper gastrointestinal bleeding in people who are at high risk. Omeprazole is a proton-pump inhibitor (PPI) and its effectiveness is similar to other PPIs. It can be taken by mouth or by injection into a vein.
Common side effects include nausea, vomiting, headaches, abdominal pain, and increased intestinal gas.[1][9] Serious side effects may include Clostridium difficile colitis, an increased risk of pneumonia, an increased risk of bone fractures, and the potential of masking stomach cancer.[1] It is unclear if it is safe for use in pregnancy.[1] It works by blocking the release of stomach acid.[1]
Nerve injury is an injury to nervous tissue. There is no single classification system that can describe all the many variations of nerve injuries. In 1941, Seddon introduced a classification of nerve injuries based on three main types of nerve fiber injury and whether there is continuity of the nerve.
Seddon2 classified nerve injuries into three broad categories; neurapraxia, axonotmesis, and neurotmesis.
A fever is a temporary increase in your body temperature, often due to an illness. Having a fever is a sign that something out of the ordinary is going on in your body. For an adult, a fever may be uncomfortable, but usually isn't a cause for concern unless it reaches 103 F (39.4 C) or higher.
It's a fever when a child's temperature is at or above one of these levels: measured orally (in the mouth): 100°F (37.8°C) measured rectally (in the bottom): 100.4°F (38°C) measured in an axillary position (under the arm): 99°F (37.2°C)
Hydatid cysts are most commonly found in the liver and lungs, although they may also occur in other organs, bones and muscles. The cysts can increase in size to 5 – 10 cm or more and may survive for decades. Non-specific signs include loss of appetite, weight loss and weakness
Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato occurs practically worldwide, and more frequently in rural, grazing areas where dogs ingest organs from
diagnosis
epidemiology
managment
Respiratory failure is a condition in which your blood doesn't have enough oxygen or has too much carbon dioxide. Sometimes you can have both problems. When you breathe, your lungs take in oxygen. The oxygen passes into your blood, which carries it to your organs
respiratory failure
typel respiratory failure
typell respiratory failure
clinical presentation
diagnosis
managament
oxygen
breast cancer
cancer
epidemiology
community medicine
awareness of breast cancer
سرطان الثدي
وبائيات سرطان الثدي
epidemiology of breast cancer
prevention of breast cancer
risk factors of breast cancer
epidemiology of breast cancer in iraq
sign and symptoms of breast cancer
location of breast cancer
Acute scrotum is a general term referring to an emergency condition affecting the contents or the wall of the scrotum.
There are a number of conditions that present acutely, predominantly with pain and/or swelling
A careful and detailed history and examination, and in some cases, investigations allow differentiation between these diagnoses. A prompt diagnosis is essential as the patient may require urgent surgical intervention
Testicular torsion refers to twisting of the spermatic cord, causing ischaemia of the testicle.
Testicular torsion results from inadequate fixation of the testis to the tunica vaginalis producing ischemia from reduced arterial inflow and venous outflow obstruction.
The prevalence of testicular torsion in adult patients hospitalized with acute scrotal pain is approximately 25 to 50 percent
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
Knee anatomy and clinical tests 2024.pdfvimalpl1234
This includes all relevant anatomy and clinical tests compiled from standard textbooks, Campbell,netter etc..It is comprehensive and best suited for orthopaedicians and orthopaedic residents.
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control programSapna Thakur
NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
New Drug Discovery and Development .....NEHA GUPTA
The "New Drug Discovery and Development" process involves the identification, design, testing, and manufacturing of novel pharmaceutical compounds with the aim of introducing new and improved treatments for various medical conditions. This comprehensive endeavor encompasses various stages, including target identification, preclinical studies, clinical trials, regulatory approval, and post-market surveillance. It involves multidisciplinary collaboration among scientists, researchers, clinicians, regulatory experts, and pharmaceutical companies to bring innovative therapies to market and address unmet medical needs.
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
2. Overview
• What Is An ABG?
• Why To Order An ABG?
• Components Of ABG?
• Normal Values?
• Steps In Interpretation Of ABG?
• Acid_Base Disorders?
• Examples.
3. Introduction
• Arterial Blood Gas (ABG) Analysis:
Is an essential part of diagnosing and managing a patient’s
oxygenation status and acid–base balance.
4. Why To Order An ABG?
• The Utilization Of An ABG Analysis Becomes Necessary In
View Of The Following Advantages:
• Aids in establishing diagnosis and severity of Respiratory failure.
• Guides treatment plan.
• Aids in ventilator management.
• Improvement in acid/base management; allows for optimal
function of medications.
• Help in management of ICU patient.
5. •Why ABG instead of pulse oximetry?
ABG directly measures both the amount of oxygen
carried by your blood and the actual amount of gases
(oxygen and carbon dioxide) that are in your blood,
pulse oximetry doesn’t measure CO2 level
7. Contraindications
• Local infection.
• Distorted anatomy.
• Presence of arterio-venous fistulas.
• Peripheral vascular disease of the limb to be sampled.
• Severe coagulopathy or recent thrombolysis.
11. ABG interpretation
1-Pulmonary gas exchange
Type 1 respiratory failure
Type 2 respiratory failure
2-Acid Base balance
Respiratory acidosis/alkalosis
Metabolic acidosis/alkalosis
12. Pulmonary Gas Exchange
• Normal or type1 respiratory failure or type2 respiratory failure.
• Type 1 Respiratory Failure:
hypoxemia PaO2 < 80 mmhg
normocapnia PaCO2 :35-45 mmhg
• Type 2 Respiratory Failure:
hypoxemia PaO2 < 80 mmgh
hypercapnia PaCO2 > 45 mmhg
13. PaO2
• normally PaO2: 80-110 mmHg
• If < 80 mmHg hypoxia
Severity of
Hypoxia
Mild (60-79)
Moderate(40-59)
Severe(<40)
14. Type 2 Respiratory Failure
PaCO2 PH HCO3
Acute N
Chronic N
Acute on
chronic
15. Examples
•pH: 7.33 Low
•PaCO2: 38 mmHg Normal
•PaO2: 61 mmHg Low
•HCO3: 19.8 meq/L Low
So its ( mild type1 respiratory failure).
16. Examples
• pH: 7.12 Low
• PaCO2: 85 mmHg High
•PaO2: 35 mmHg Low
• HCO3: 23 meq/L Normal
So its (Acute type 2 respiratory failure
with severe hypoxemia).
17. Examples
•pH: 7.38 Normal
•PaCO2: 50 mmHg High
•PaO2: 79 mmHg Low
•HCO3: 26.8 meq/L High
So its (Chronic type 2 respiratory failure
with mild hypoxemia).
18. Examples
• pH: 7.32 Low
• PaCO2: 70 mmHg High
• PaO2: 48 mmHg Low
•HCO3: 30 meq/L High
So its (Acute on chronic type 2
respiratory failure with moderate hypoxemia).
19. Examples
• pH: 7.38 Normal
•PaCO2: 44 mmHg Normal
• PaO2: 250 mmHg High
• HCO3: 30 meq/L High
So its ( there is no RF only severe
hyperoxygenation).
20. Acid-Base disorders
•We Have Four Primary Acid Base Disorders:
I. Primary Respiratory Acidosis.
II. Primary Respiratory Alkalosis.
III. Primary Metabolic Acidosis.
IV. Primary Metabolic Alkalosis.
21. “PH“ is it (acidosis or alkalosis)?
• Seemingly small abnormalities in pH have very significant
and wide-spanning effects on the physiology of the human
body, Therefore, paying close attention to Ph abnormalities
is essential.
• So we need to ask ourselves, is the pH
normal, acidotic or alkalotic?
• Acidotic: pH <7.35
• Normal: pH 7.35 – 7.45
• Alkalotic: pH >7.45
22. “PaCO2”is it (Respiratory or Metabolic)
•A PaCO2 is less than 35 is
indicative of Respiratory Alkalosis.
•A PaCO2 greater than 45 is
indicative of Respiratory Acidosis.
23. “HCO3”
• HCO3 level less than 22 is indicative of Metabolic Acidosis.
• A HCO3 level greater than 28 is indicative of Metabolic Alkalosis.
Metabolic Acidosis
PH stHCO3 PCO2
uncompensated ↓ ↓ N
partially compensated ↓ ↓ ↓
compensated N ↓ ↓
Metabolic Alkalosis
PH stHCO3 PCO2
uncompensated ↑ ↑ N
partially compensated ↑ ↑ ↑
compensated N ↑ ↑
24. Respiratory Acidosis
PH PCO2 stHCO3
uncompensated ↓ ↑ N
partially compensated ↓ ↑ ↑
compensated N ↑ ↑
Respiratory Alkalosis
PH PCO2 stHCO3
uncompensated ↑ ↓ N
partially compensated ↑ ↓ ↓
compensated N ↓ ↓
31. Acid-Base Status?
• pH: 7.05 Low
• PaCO2: 16mmHg Low
• HCO3: 15 meq/L Low
• Na : 150 mmol/L , K+: 5.6 , Cl:100
So its ( Metabolic acidosis partially
compensated by respiratory alkalosis ).
32. Acid-Base Status?
• pH: 7.58 High
• PaCO2: 20 mmHg Low
• HCO3: 11meq/L Low
So its ( Respiratory alkalosis partially
compensated by Metabolic acidosis ).
33. Acid-Base Status?
• pH: 7.58 High
• PaCO2: 22 mmHg Low
• HCO3: 24 meq/L Normal N
So its ( Non compensated
Respiratory alkalosis).
34. Acid-Base Status?
• pH: 7.37 Normal N
• PaCO2: 64 mmHg High
• HCO3: 38 meq/L High
So its ( Respiratory acidosis fully
compensated).
35. Anion Gap
• If the ABG results in (metabolic acidosis) then we
should measure anion gap.
• Normally: AG= 12±4.
• Anion gap(AG) = Na+ - [Cl- + HCO3
-]
• Na: 150 mmol/L , HCO3: 15 , Cl:100
So 150-(100+15)
150-115= 35 its High