The document describes the ABCD model for program evaluation. The model has four components: A) beneficiaries or clients of the program, B) the program itself, C) effects or outcomes of the program, and D) social impact. An example study is described that uses the ABCD model to evaluate a Botika ng Barangay (BnB) or community drugstore program. The study assesses the program's contributions to community health, savings, and living standards. The evaluation finds positive effects including reduced health expenditures and improved health outcomes.

1. EVALUATION DESIGN
The ABCD Model
Laarni A. Caorong

2. The ABCD model
• Background
• Features
• Definition
• Characteristics
• The ABCD component
• The ABCD Framework
• Sample Research study
• Analysis of the sample study

3. Dr. Jesus Ochave

4. Background
developed by Dr. Jesus Ochave in 1994
the model is comparable with classical models of evaluation like
those of Stufflebeam’s CIPP model and Provus discrepancy model.
comprehensive enough to allow the evaluator to assess aspects of
the program which bears the effectiveness.

5. Background
Flexible and allows the evaluator to trace the causal
factors that explain program effects without going
through a mass of other data.
It is a stakeholder-friendly evaluation model.
Is used in evaluating project, training or a curricular
program.

6. The ABCD model as a Framework
B
A C
D

7. The ABCD Framework Explanation
Solid and broken line as vectors
Solid lines suggest direct and
straightforward relationship. The solid
line from the B component or program
to the C or effect component means
that effects are the direct results of the
program.
The spiraling line from effect
components to impact means that
impact is distant in time and may
interact with other factors including
socio-political context.

8. The ABCD Framework Explanation
Solid and broken line as vectors
The broken line from the A component to
the C or effect component means that the
quality of effects is partly dependent on the
quality of the trainees.
The components ABCD of the Model are
sequential.

9. The ABCD Model Application
 Vectors/ arrows
-represent the direction of the effects
Component A affects component B,
C and D.
Ex. In an educational evaluation, this means
that the program has to be oriented according
to the type of clientele and set of learning
experiences must conform with the objectives
of the program to have at least an impact on
the clientele

10. ,

11. .

12. .

13. The Dimensions of Program
“Intents” and “Actualities”
ACTUALITIES
are the observations and actual happenings
INTENTS
are the standards, expectations, ought-to-be’s, and in its simplest form,
plans;
can also mean purposes or objectives in the context of the model;
Aim and objectives

14. The Discrepancy between the Dimensions of Intents
and Actualities
The interfacing of the geometric shapes.
 A perfect fit is total interfacing, which means that
actualities of the program are totally consistent with
the intents of the said program.
 If there is no discrepancy between the two
dimensions, then intents and actualities are said
to be totally consistent since there is absolute
interfacing of dimensions. This is an impossibility
in the real world.

15. The Discrepancy between the Dimensions of Intents and
Actualities
• The interfacing of the geometric shapes.
 When the geometric figures do not at all
overlap and are thus totally separate, then
actualities are absolutely different from
intents.
 This is a big problem in the management
of a training or educational program.
Problem in this model is operationally
defined as any deviation from plans or intents
or standards or expectations.

16. Role of the Management or Organization
 Lessening the discrepancy is the job
of the team, management or
organization.
 The team of stakeholder-evaluators
must, as its primary task, determine
the consistency and the discrepancy
between the “intents” and
“actualities” dimensions.

17. Solution for Discrepancy
 Monitoring and Evaluation
is necessary so that problems can be
identified as it can cause negative effects and
become barrier to the realization of targets and
objectives.

18. When Evaluating….
The task of the stakeholder- evaluators include the
following:
1. Discussions and consensus on what data to gather.
2. Development of data-gathering tool for data on actualities.
3. Division of labor among team members.
4. Review, critique and team approval of tools and timetable.
5. Collection, analyses and interpretation of data.
6. Writing of evaluation report.
7. Intra-team presentation of report
8. Cleaning the report, submission and presentation to a greater
number of stakeholders and the target audiences.

19. Utilization of the ABCD Model in
Education
Area of Evaluation: Curricular Program
Components:
A: includes the students (beneficiaries of the program)
B: the program (ex. New BSN curriculum)
C: effects of the program (learnings of the students)
-indicators: board exam result, employment,
D: social impact
 Impact may include economic, political and socio-cultural transformations
in the community traceable to the program.
 Generally, it includes contributions of students/people to social welfare
and community betterment.

20. The ABCD model

21. .
.

22. Botika ng Barangay (BnB)
The BnB refers to a drug outlet wherein primary, nonprescription, and
generic drugs are sold or made available.
Its objective is to promote equity in health by ensuring the availability
and accessibility of affordable, safe, quality and essential drugs to all,
especially to the marginalized, underserved, hard to reach areas of the
country.
Strategies by the BnB are: partnership building with LGUs, community
organizations, non-government organizations (NGOs) and the
communities; promotion, advocacy and marketing; provision of seed
capital; accreditation of NGO as PDN; and issuance of BnB Special License
to Operate.

23. Objectives of
the study
 Assess the contribution of BnB to living
standards to living standards in terms of
health, expenditures, savings
 determine the level of acceptance & the
extent of utilization of products this
 determine whether the BnB program has
realized the poverty alleviation thrust of the
government.

24. Analysis
Community Drugstore (Botika ng Barangay): Its
Contribution to Family Living Standards
Components:
A- Filipino people/community people
B- Botika ng Barangay (BnB)
C- Savings and health related benefits for the community people
D- Reduction of infant mortality rate

25. Process of carrying out the Evaluation
Quantitative research
The descriptive design was utilized to determine the contributions of
the BnB on the improvement of family living standards which was
measured through health-related expenditures, savings, mean age at
death, mean infant mortality rate and mean infant mortality rate.
 The multi-stage purposive sampling was applied to select the research
locales from the municipalities to the selection of respondents BnBs.
Instrument: A researcher-made questionnaire was used which was pilot
tested prior to its actual use. The following variables were considered:
Personal Information, Level of Acceptance of the BnB Services, Extent
of Utilization of the BnB Services, Level of Satisfaction, Health-related
Expenditures, Savings and Problems encountered.

26. The ABCD Model
.

27. End.
.

28. References:
Ochave, J. (2003). Towards the Development of a Blueprint for a Stakeholder-Friendly
Evaluation Model for Training and Education Programmes. Journal of Southeast
Asian Education. Vol. 4, No. 2, pp. 25-44.
Palompon, D., Amparado, M., Cempron, J., Corvera, E., Ong, M. (2010). Community
Drugstore (Botika ng Barangay): Its Contribution to Family Living Standards. Liceo
Journal of Higher Education Research. Vol. 6 No. 2 December 2010 ISSN: 2094-
1064