Behaviour of fresh and hardened concretekavithamegha
This PPT discusses the structure and properties of concrete making materials. This is followed by hydration of cement, porosity of cement pastes and a study of selected topics regarding fresh and hardened concrete behaviour.
1. To understand the different complex compounds in cement.
2. Study the behavior of concrete with the fundamental interactions between ingredients
3. Fundamental understanding of the mechanism governing concrete performance.
4. Demonstrating the porosity of cement paste and elastic modulus.
5. Dramatize the rheology of concrete in terms of Bingham’s parameter.
The attached PowerPoint presentation contains information about the Constituent materials required for manufacturing concrete; How it is being tested; How quality ensured; Codal Provisions etc., It may be useful for the students pursuing B.E. Civil Engineering.
The Marshall stability and flow test provides the performance prediction measure for the Marshall mix design method. The stability portion of the test measures the maximum load supported by the test specimen at a loading rate of 50.8 mm/minute. Load is applied to the specimen till failure, and the maximum load is designated as stability. During the loading, an attached dial gauge measures the specimen's plastic flow (deformation) due to the loading. The flow value is recorded in 0.25 mm (0.01 inch) increments at the same time when the maximum load is recorded.
Behaviour of fresh and hardened concretekavithamegha
This PPT discusses the structure and properties of concrete making materials. This is followed by hydration of cement, porosity of cement pastes and a study of selected topics regarding fresh and hardened concrete behaviour.
1. To understand the different complex compounds in cement.
2. Study the behavior of concrete with the fundamental interactions between ingredients
3. Fundamental understanding of the mechanism governing concrete performance.
4. Demonstrating the porosity of cement paste and elastic modulus.
5. Dramatize the rheology of concrete in terms of Bingham’s parameter.
The attached PowerPoint presentation contains information about the Constituent materials required for manufacturing concrete; How it is being tested; How quality ensured; Codal Provisions etc., It may be useful for the students pursuing B.E. Civil Engineering.
The Marshall stability and flow test provides the performance prediction measure for the Marshall mix design method. The stability portion of the test measures the maximum load supported by the test specimen at a loading rate of 50.8 mm/minute. Load is applied to the specimen till failure, and the maximum load is designated as stability. During the loading, an attached dial gauge measures the specimen's plastic flow (deformation) due to the loading. The flow value is recorded in 0.25 mm (0.01 inch) increments at the same time when the maximum load is recorded.
A sample lab report on Marshall method of mix design for bituminous mixtures with all calculations.
Please request with your mail ID if you want to download this document.
Non destructive test in CIVIL ENGINEERING Construction SAURABH GUPTA
NON DESTRUCTIVE TEST (NDT)
SAURABH GUPTA
BLOG - http://notescivil.blogspot.in/
After this seminar you will able to answer the following
Non- destructive testing
Rebound hammer testing
Ultrasonic pulse velocity test
Cover test
methods including principle, advantages and point of action
NDT
Technique to test new or old concrete structure with respect to its strength and durability ,without or partial damage to a small part of concrete.
It doesn’t estimate ultimate or yield strength of concrete.
It is easy mechanized method, and is very cost effective , many test can be performed at the same cost of single destructive test.
No sample is required to collect for the laboratory testing as compare to some methods destructive testing
TEST
Rebound Hammer Test
Windsore Probe Testing
Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity Test
Acoustic Emission Method
Pulse Echo Method
Initial Surface Absorption Test
Radar Technique
Infrared Thermography
Quantab Test
Carbonation test
Profometer / Rebar locator
REBOUND HAMMER TEST (IS 13311 II)
Determination of strength and hardness of concrete.
ULTRASONIC PULSE VELOCITY TEST (IS 13311 I)
To determine the homogeneity, compatibility and cracks or void if present .
PROFOMETER / REBAR LOCATOR
Location of bar and diameter of bar
CARBONATION TEST
To estimate the amount of carbon and corrosion estimation.
To assess the likely compressive strength of concrete with help of with suitable co-relations between rebound index and compressive strength.
To assess the uniformity of concrete.
To assess the quality of concrete in relation to standard requirements.
To assess the quality of one element of concrete in relation to another
This method can be used with greater confidence for differentiating between the questionable and acceptable part of a structure or for relative comparison between two different structure.
When the plunger of rebound hammer is pressed against the surface of concrete, the spring control mass rebounds and the extent of such rebound depend upon the surface hardness of concrete, the rebound is thus related with compressive strength of concrete and the graduated scale is designated as rebound number
It Consists of spring controlled mass that slides on a plunger within a tubular housing.
The impact energy required for rebound hammer for different application is different (shown in table in next slide)
Rebound hammer is used to check –
1 Compressive strength of concrete
2 Uniformity of concrete
3 Quality of element of concrete
Ultrasonic pulse velocity test
To assess the uniformity and homogeneity of concrete.
To assess the quality of concrete in relation of standard requirement.
Detection of presence of voids, cracks & imperfection of concrete.
Measurement of changes occurring with time in the properties of concrete.
To overcome all these problems, the methods have been developed for investigation and evaluation of concrete st
Hi viewers, I am back with the various concepts of TYPES OF TESTS ON CONCRETE for civil engineers.
Here, i explained few topics
What is a concrete? Classification based o state of concrete? and various tests?
Los Angeles Abrasion Test
To determine the Los Angeles abrasion value.
To find the suitability of aggregates for use in road construction. Select the most suitable aggregate for different kinds of works based on the abrasion value. The test is significant to determine the hardness (and toughness) of the material.
The difference between the original and final weights of the sample represents the actual wear. This value is expressed as a percentage of the original weight of the sample and is reported as the percentage of wear.
MEANING OF MIX DESIGN
GRADE OF CONCRETE.
FACTORS INFLUCING THE CHOICE OF MIX DESIGN.
MATHODS OF CONCRETE MIX DESIGN
MIX DESIGN BY INDIAN STANDARD METHOD.
This study provides a comparison of four asphalt concrete water sensitivity (stripping) test methods by ranking the relative resistance to water-induced damage of a variety of field-prepared mixtures obtained during construction. Each test method evaluates water sensitivity by determining resilient modulus or indirect tensile strength, or both, of a compacted specimen before and after moisture conditioning
A sample lab report on Marshall method of mix design for bituminous mixtures with all calculations.
Please request with your mail ID if you want to download this document.
Non destructive test in CIVIL ENGINEERING Construction SAURABH GUPTA
NON DESTRUCTIVE TEST (NDT)
SAURABH GUPTA
BLOG - http://notescivil.blogspot.in/
After this seminar you will able to answer the following
Non- destructive testing
Rebound hammer testing
Ultrasonic pulse velocity test
Cover test
methods including principle, advantages and point of action
NDT
Technique to test new or old concrete structure with respect to its strength and durability ,without or partial damage to a small part of concrete.
It doesn’t estimate ultimate or yield strength of concrete.
It is easy mechanized method, and is very cost effective , many test can be performed at the same cost of single destructive test.
No sample is required to collect for the laboratory testing as compare to some methods destructive testing
TEST
Rebound Hammer Test
Windsore Probe Testing
Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity Test
Acoustic Emission Method
Pulse Echo Method
Initial Surface Absorption Test
Radar Technique
Infrared Thermography
Quantab Test
Carbonation test
Profometer / Rebar locator
REBOUND HAMMER TEST (IS 13311 II)
Determination of strength and hardness of concrete.
ULTRASONIC PULSE VELOCITY TEST (IS 13311 I)
To determine the homogeneity, compatibility and cracks or void if present .
PROFOMETER / REBAR LOCATOR
Location of bar and diameter of bar
CARBONATION TEST
To estimate the amount of carbon and corrosion estimation.
To assess the likely compressive strength of concrete with help of with suitable co-relations between rebound index and compressive strength.
To assess the uniformity of concrete.
To assess the quality of concrete in relation to standard requirements.
To assess the quality of one element of concrete in relation to another
This method can be used with greater confidence for differentiating between the questionable and acceptable part of a structure or for relative comparison between two different structure.
When the plunger of rebound hammer is pressed against the surface of concrete, the spring control mass rebounds and the extent of such rebound depend upon the surface hardness of concrete, the rebound is thus related with compressive strength of concrete and the graduated scale is designated as rebound number
It Consists of spring controlled mass that slides on a plunger within a tubular housing.
The impact energy required for rebound hammer for different application is different (shown in table in next slide)
Rebound hammer is used to check –
1 Compressive strength of concrete
2 Uniformity of concrete
3 Quality of element of concrete
Ultrasonic pulse velocity test
To assess the uniformity and homogeneity of concrete.
To assess the quality of concrete in relation of standard requirement.
Detection of presence of voids, cracks & imperfection of concrete.
Measurement of changes occurring with time in the properties of concrete.
To overcome all these problems, the methods have been developed for investigation and evaluation of concrete st
Hi viewers, I am back with the various concepts of TYPES OF TESTS ON CONCRETE for civil engineers.
Here, i explained few topics
What is a concrete? Classification based o state of concrete? and various tests?
Los Angeles Abrasion Test
To determine the Los Angeles abrasion value.
To find the suitability of aggregates for use in road construction. Select the most suitable aggregate for different kinds of works based on the abrasion value. The test is significant to determine the hardness (and toughness) of the material.
The difference between the original and final weights of the sample represents the actual wear. This value is expressed as a percentage of the original weight of the sample and is reported as the percentage of wear.
MEANING OF MIX DESIGN
GRADE OF CONCRETE.
FACTORS INFLUCING THE CHOICE OF MIX DESIGN.
MATHODS OF CONCRETE MIX DESIGN
MIX DESIGN BY INDIAN STANDARD METHOD.
This study provides a comparison of four asphalt concrete water sensitivity (stripping) test methods by ranking the relative resistance to water-induced damage of a variety of field-prepared mixtures obtained during construction. Each test method evaluates water sensitivity by determining resilient modulus or indirect tensile strength, or both, of a compacted specimen before and after moisture conditioning
Sieve analysis
Atterberg limit test (liquid limit & Plastic limit)
Compaction test (Standard and modified proctor test)
California bearing ratio test (CBR)
This manual consists of the Experiments based on Aggregates and Bitumens as both of these are essential materials for the road pavement structure.
The complete prepared by considering the Latest curriculum (2019-2020) of DBATU, Lonere and which will be helpful for the academicians learning in Civil Engineering.
A summer training presentation on Highway material and soil testing.
In this presentation along with the entire test procedure readings and images of apparatus are used for better understanding.
The experiments are presented in a creative manner.
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
Forklift Classes Overview by Intella PartsIntella Parts
Discover the different forklift classes and their specific applications. Learn how to choose the right forklift for your needs to ensure safety, efficiency, and compliance in your operations.
For more technical information, visit our website https://intellaparts.com
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
Using recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) for pavements is crucial to achieving sustainability. Implementing RCA for new pavement can minimize carbon footprint, conserve natural resources, reduce harmful emissions, and lower life cycle costs. Compared to natural aggregate (NA), RCA pavement has fewer comprehensive studies and sustainability assessments.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
6th International Conference on Machine Learning & Applications (CMLA 2024)ClaraZara1
6th International Conference on Machine Learning & Applications (CMLA 2024) will provide an excellent international forum for sharing knowledge and results in theory, methodology and applications of on Machine Learning & Applications.
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
Planning Of Procurement o different goods and services
AASHTO T283.pdf
1. 1
RESISTANCE OF COMPACTED ASPHALT
MIXTURES TO MOISTURE-INDUCED DAMAGE
AASHTO T 283
GLOSSARY
Tensile strength -- a measure of the force required to pull apart a material.
SCOPE
HMA made from certain materials may be sensitive to the presence of water in the finished
pavement. Water will cause the binder to not adhere to the aggregate. Since the binder is the
"glue" that holds the pavement together, rapid failure of the pavement can be expected if the
binder cannot adhere to the aggregate. This is often referred to as stripping. To help prevent
stripping, additives such as hydrated lime or liquid anti-stripping chemicals may be required.
AASHTO T 283 is a test method that can be used to determine if the materials may be subject to
stripping and also to measure the effectiveness of additives.
The test is performed by compacting specimens to an air void level of six to eight percent. Three
specimens are selected as a control and tested without moisture conditioning, and three more
specim,ens are selected to be conditioned by saturating with water undergoing a freeze cycle, and
subsequently having a warm-water soaking cycle. The specimens are then tested for indirect
tensile strength by loading the specimens at a constant rate and measuring the force required to
break the specimen. The tensile strength of the conditioned specimens is compared to the control
specimens to determine the tensile strength ratio (TSR). This test may also be performed on
cores taken from the finished pavement.
SUMMARY OF TEST
Apparatus
Vacuum container for saturating specimens
Balance, general purpose class G2 (AASHTO M 231)
Water bath, capable of maintaining a temperature of 140 ± 2°F (60 ± 1°C)
Pans, having a surface area of 75-200 in2
(48,400 – 129,000) mm2
in the bottom and a depth of
approximately 1 in. (25 mm)
Loading jack and force measuring device
Loading strips with a curved face to match the side of the specimen
2. 2
Forced-draft oven, capable of maintaining a temperature from room temperature to 350 ± 15°F
(176 ± 3°C)
Freezer, capable of maintaining a temperature of 0 ± 5°F (-18 ± 3°C)
Plastic wrap and heavy-duty leak proof plastic bags
10 mL graduated cylinder
Sample Preparation
For laboratory-batched mixtures, 6 in. (150 mm) diameter and 2.5 in. (63.5 mm) thick specimens
are normally used. Enough material is mixed to produce at least eight specimens at the binder
content recommended for the mixture. Extra mixture will be needed for trials to establish the
compaction required and for determining the maximum specific gravity of the mixture, if these
values are not known.
After mixing, the mixture is placed in the pans and spread to about 1 in. (25 mm) thick. The mix
is then cooled to room temperature for 2 ± 0.5 hours. The mixture is placed in the oven for 2
hours at 275 ± 5°F (135 ± 3°C), and stirred every 60 ± 5 minutes to maintain conditioning.
Some experimentation will be needed to find the correct compactive effort that will yield 7 ± 0.5
percent air voids. The specimens are required to be compacted in accordance with AASHTO T
312. After the specimens are removed from the molds, they are stored at room temperature for
24 ± 3 hours.
Evaluating and Grouping of Specimens
After curing, the following tests and measurements of each specimen are done:
1. The maximum specific gravity (Gmm) in accordance with AASHTO T 209
2. The thickness (t) and diameter (D)
3. The bulk specific gravity (Gmb) in accordance with AASHTOT 166. The volume (E) of
the specimens is determined by subtracting the specimen weight in water from the
saturated, surface-dry weight.
The percentage of air voids (Pa) is determined in accordance with AASHTO T 269. Once
determined, the specimens are separated into two subsets, of at least three specimens each, so
that the average air voids of the two subsets are approximately equal.
3. 3
For those specimens to be subjected to vacuum saturation, a freeze cycle, and a warm-water
soaking cycle, the volume of the air voids (Va) in cubic centimeters is calculated as follows:
100
E
P
V
a
a =
where:
Va = volume of air voids, cubic centimeters
Pa = air voids, percent
E = volume of the specimen, cubic centimeters
Reconditioning of Specimens
At the end of the curing period, the dry subset is wrapped with plastic in a heavy duty, leak proof
plastic bag. The specimens are then placed in a 77 ± 1°F (25 ± 0.5°C) water bath for 2 hours ±
10 minutes with a minimum of 1 in. (25 mm) of water above their surface. (Figure 1)
Figure 1
Specimens in Water Bath
The other subset is conditioned as follows:
1. The specimens are placed in a vacuum container supported a minimum of 1 in. (25 mm)
above the container bottom (figure 2
2. The container is filled with potable water at room temperature so that the specimens have
at least 1 in. (25 mm) of water above their surface.
3. A vacuum of 10-26 in. Hg partial pressure (13-67 kPa absolute pressure) is applied for
approximately 5 to 10 minutes.
4. 4
4. The vacuum is removed and the specimen is left submerged in water for approximately 5
to 10 minutes. (Figure 2)
Figure 2
Specimens in Vacuum Container
The weight of the saturated, surface-dry specimen after partial vacuum saturation (B1
) is
determined by Method A of AASHTO T 166.
The volume of absorbed water (J1
) in cubic centimeters is determined by the following equation
J1
= B1
– A
where:
J1
= volume of absorbed water, cubic centimeters
B1
= weight of the saturated, surface-dry specimen after partial vacuum
saturation, g
A = weight of the dry specimen in air, g
The degree of saturation (S1
) is determined by comparing the volume of absorbed water (J1
) with
the volume of air voids (Va) using the following equation:
S1
= 100 J1
Va
where:
S1
= degree of saturation, percent
If the degree of saturation is between 70 and 80 percent, the conditioning by freezing may
continue. If the degree of saturation is less than 70 percent, the vacuum procedure using more
vacuum and/or time is repeated. If the degree of saturation is more than 80 percent, the
specimen is considered damaged and is discarded.
5. 5
For specimens with 70 to 80 percent saturation, the samples are each wrapped with a plastic film
such as Saran Wrap and placed in a plastic bag containing 10 ± 0.5 mL of water and sealed. The
plastic bags are placed in a freezer at a temperature of 0 ± 5°F (-18 ± 3°C) for 24 ± 1 hours. The
specimens should have a minimum of 1 in. (25 mm) of water above their surface. As soon as the
specimens are placed in the water bath, the plastic bag and film is removed from each specimen.
After 24 ± 1 hours in the water bath, the specimens are removed and placed in a water bath at 77
± 1°F (25 ± 0.5°C) for 2 hours ± 10 minutes. The specimens should have a minimum of 1 in. (25
mm) of water above their surface.
Testing
The specimen is removed from the bath, the thickness (t1
) determined, and then placed on its side
between the bearing plates of the testing machine (Figure 3). Steel loading strips are placed
between the specimen and the bearing plates. A load is applied to the specimen by forcing the
bearing plates together at a constant rate of 2 in. (50 mm) per minute.
Figure 3
Specimen in Testing Machine
The maximum load is recorded, and the load continued until the specimen cracks. The machine
is stopped and the specimen broken apart at the crack for observation (Figure 4). The
approximate degree of moisture damage is estimated on a scale from 0 to 5, with 5 being the
most stripped.
6. 6
Figure 4
Specimen Broken for Observation
Calculations
The tensile strength is calculated using the following equation:
English units:
St = 2P
π t D
where:
St = tensile strength, psi
P = maximum load, lbs
t = specimen thickness, in.
D = specimen diameter, in.
SI units:
St = 2000P
π t D
where:
St = tensile strength, kPa
P = maximum load, Newtons
t = specimen thickness, mm
D = specimen diameter, mm
The tensile strength ratio is calculated as follows:
1
2
S
S
(TSR)
Ratio
Strength
Tensile =
where:
S1 = average tensile strength of the dry subset, psi (kPa)
S2 = average tensile strength of the conditioned subset, psi (kPa)