Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering,
Information Engineering and Technology,
Mechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering,
Automation and Mechatronics Engineering,
Material and Chemical Engineering,
Civil and Architecture Engineering,
Biotechnology and Bio Engineering,
Environmental Engineering,
Petroleum and Mining Engineering,
Marine and Agriculture engineering,
Aerospace Engineering.
Risk Management in High Rise Construction Projects: A ReviewA Makwana
This paper gives information about identification of risk factors and perceptions of Indian construction practitioners i.e., contractors, owners, project managers and Engineers on the importance of different construction risks and how the risks should be assigned between the different parties of the contract. As the very common project styles, construction projects have so many characteristics likewise time limitation, specific items, financial restrictions and requirements, extraordinary structural and legal situations, complexity features. For this situation every construction project has own complex method. Risks constantly happen at construction projects and frequently cause time overrun or cost overrun. If you don’t contemplate these risk factors, or neglect the main factors, these risk factors will affect the damage because of the managerial errors. Risk management is the process which covers to identify the risks, for assessment with the help of qualitatively and quantitatively, to response with appropriate technique for management and controlling. The concept has gain popularity in various industries. Various companies frequently found the method in their projects for upgrading their performance, reducing their losses and increasing their profits. Questionnaire survey among clients, contractors, engineers and architects is analyzed using, Relative Importance Index (RII) and Importance Index (IMP.I) methods. The focus of this study is to understand what Risk Management is, understand the process of risk management at construction project and have depth knowledge on the use of risk management in high-rise construction projects.
EFFECTIVE RISK MANAGEMENT IN CONSTRUCTION PROJECTSvivatechijri
Risk management can be directly related to the successful project completion as it is very much
essential. Project management literature describes a detailed and widely accepted risk management process,
which is constructed basically from four iterative phases: risk identification, risk estimation, risk response
planning and execution, often managing the risk management process is included. Construction project planning is
an essential element in the management and execution of construction projects which involves the definition of
work tasks and their interactions as well as the assessment of required resource sand expected activity durations.
The study, therefore, examined the awareness of professionals in construction industry of the various types of
planning techniques and tools used on construction sites, Questionnaires were administered on selected building
professionals (Project Managers, Engineers, Architects), and Contractors and Sub-contractors directly involved
in construction work on sites in planning and the use of planning tools and techniques as major tools for successful
project execution
The length of the implementation period in the construction of projects may lead to a change in
circumstances which expose them to many risks because of the length of the implementation period and multiple
stages, beginning with the start-up phase and even phase of the project, and this leads to increased circumstances of
uncertainty and increasing the probability of the occurrence of risks, and this is reflected negatively on the
construction contracting and construction economy.In this research questionnaire was developed to identify the
risks encountered in construction. Projects have been distributed to some local and foreign construction companies
in Libya, having been identified the risks that may face the projects. Through questionnaires and interviews with
engineers and project managers of companies, and making risk analysis qualitatively, there was a need to prepare a
checklist of the risks facing projects in Libya, and know the benefit of the contractor and the owner based on the
results. This paper examines the most important risks faced by construction projects in Libya, which is difficult and
how they are able to implement these projects and housing companies, the research explains a formulated model to
evaluate companies before being contracted to know the financial and technical capabilities.
Risk Management in High Rise Construction Projects: A ReviewA Makwana
This paper gives information about identification of risk factors and perceptions of Indian construction practitioners i.e., contractors, owners, project managers and Engineers on the importance of different construction risks and how the risks should be assigned between the different parties of the contract. As the very common project styles, construction projects have so many characteristics likewise time limitation, specific items, financial restrictions and requirements, extraordinary structural and legal situations, complexity features. For this situation every construction project has own complex method. Risks constantly happen at construction projects and frequently cause time overrun or cost overrun. If you don’t contemplate these risk factors, or neglect the main factors, these risk factors will affect the damage because of the managerial errors. Risk management is the process which covers to identify the risks, for assessment with the help of qualitatively and quantitatively, to response with appropriate technique for management and controlling. The concept has gain popularity in various industries. Various companies frequently found the method in their projects for upgrading their performance, reducing their losses and increasing their profits. Questionnaire survey among clients, contractors, engineers and architects is analyzed using, Relative Importance Index (RII) and Importance Index (IMP.I) methods. The focus of this study is to understand what Risk Management is, understand the process of risk management at construction project and have depth knowledge on the use of risk management in high-rise construction projects.
EFFECTIVE RISK MANAGEMENT IN CONSTRUCTION PROJECTSvivatechijri
Risk management can be directly related to the successful project completion as it is very much
essential. Project management literature describes a detailed and widely accepted risk management process,
which is constructed basically from four iterative phases: risk identification, risk estimation, risk response
planning and execution, often managing the risk management process is included. Construction project planning is
an essential element in the management and execution of construction projects which involves the definition of
work tasks and their interactions as well as the assessment of required resource sand expected activity durations.
The study, therefore, examined the awareness of professionals in construction industry of the various types of
planning techniques and tools used on construction sites, Questionnaires were administered on selected building
professionals (Project Managers, Engineers, Architects), and Contractors and Sub-contractors directly involved
in construction work on sites in planning and the use of planning tools and techniques as major tools for successful
project execution
The length of the implementation period in the construction of projects may lead to a change in
circumstances which expose them to many risks because of the length of the implementation period and multiple
stages, beginning with the start-up phase and even phase of the project, and this leads to increased circumstances of
uncertainty and increasing the probability of the occurrence of risks, and this is reflected negatively on the
construction contracting and construction economy.In this research questionnaire was developed to identify the
risks encountered in construction. Projects have been distributed to some local and foreign construction companies
in Libya, having been identified the risks that may face the projects. Through questionnaires and interviews with
engineers and project managers of companies, and making risk analysis qualitatively, there was a need to prepare a
checklist of the risks facing projects in Libya, and know the benefit of the contractor and the owner based on the
results. This paper examines the most important risks faced by construction projects in Libya, which is difficult and
how they are able to implement these projects and housing companies, the research explains a formulated model to
evaluate companies before being contracted to know the financial and technical capabilities.
EFFECTIVE RISK MANAGEMENT IN CONSTRUCTION PROJECTSvivatechijri
Risk management is a step to make construction projects more efficient and practical such that
uncertainties should be identified before occurring and changing into crisis and a balance should be made
between threats and opportunities. Accordingly, construction industry is one of the most important and job
creating industries in all countries. Compared to other economic-industrial sectors, construction management is
highly influenced by the perception and employment of risk management concept. Additionally, there are
abundant risks in such activities since Construction projects activities are very complex and various. Hence, it
seems necessary to evaluate the proper use of risk management in various stages of Construction projects life
cycle. In this regard, the present study attempts to describe Construction projects life cycle step by step and
analyse the way of using risk management from designing stage to reviewing and supporting stage. The risk
management framework for construction projects can be improved by combining qualitative and quantitative
methodologies to risk analysis. The research work includes visiting and inspecting various construction sites,
analysing the field, collection of data, interpretation of data; using matrix method of risk calculation calculating
risk and providing effective measures to overcome it.
RISK MANAGEMENT IN HIGH RISE CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS IN SURAT CITYA Makwana
This paper gives information about identification of risk factors and perceptions of Indian construction practitioners i.e., contractors, owners, project managers and Engineers on the importance of different construction risks and how the risks should be assigned between the different parties of the contract. As the very common project styles, construction projects have so many characteristics likewise time limitation, specific items, financial restrictions and requirements, extraordinary structural and legal situations, complexity features. For this situation every construction project has own complex method. Risks constantly happen at construction projects and frequently cause time overrun or cost overrun. If you don’t contemplate these risk factors, or neglect the main factors, these risk factors will affect the damage because of the managerial errors. Risk management is the process which covers to identify the risks, for assessment with the help of qualitatively and quantitatively, to response with appropriate technique for management and controlling. The concept has gain popularity in various industries. Various companies frequently found the method in their projects for upgrading their performance, reducing their losses and increasing their profits. Questionnaire survey among clients, contractors, engineers and architects is analysed using, Relative Importance Index (RII)) method. The focus of this study is to understand what Risk Management is, understand the process of risk management at construction project and have depth knowledge on the use of risk management in high-rise construction projects.
RISK LEVEL ASSESSMENT ON ROAD CONSTRUCTION’S CONTRACTORS USING CULTURAL – PRO...IAEME Publication
This study aimed to analyze the characteristics of potential risk and the risk levels to the contractors in a road construction project and its impact on service providers (contractors), and to make a risk assessment model with multi-criteria to the contractors in road construction projects. Objective contractors road construction is not optimal due to non-performance risk management in the project with the right. This study is done in the form of a survey by capturing the opinions or perceptions, experiences and attitudes of respondents implementing on road construction. Parameters indicating the risk of road construction projects were model and tested using the methodology of Expert Choice to describe, quantify and demonstrate the risk level, allocation, and response in road construction projects with different risk variables. Results of the study firstly identified 281 risks for the road construction including 57 non-technical, 39 technical, 36 financial, 76 cultural, 38 work health and safety management aspect and 35 environmental aspects.
Evaluation of Risk Factors Affecting Cost Performance of Construction Project...IJCMESJOURNAL
Effective management of risk is critical to the success of any construction project. The importance of risk management has grown as projects have become more complex. Contractors have traditionally used financial mark-ups to cover the risk associated with construction projects, but as competition increases and the margins become tighter, they can no longer rely on this strategy and must improve their ability to manage risk. This study has carried out an empirical evaluation of the effect of risk factors on cost performance of projects at delivery. The study is based on the analysis of primary data derived from bills of quantities for the construction/erection of hospital projects by the Ministry of Works and Housing, Jalingo in Taraba State. The obtained data was analyzed using linear regression, t-statistics, F-statistics, line and scatter graphs. The study identified the following risk variables as having significant impact on cost performance: project size, project location, project complexity, level of variations, prime cost sums and provisional sums, estimator bias, market conditions, level of competition, fraudulent practices, construction techniques, economic and political factors, construction accidents, health and safety factors. The study concludes that these factors have to be comprehensively assessed in the light of the individual projects. It recommends among others, the need for a departure from the use of traditional approach of percentage risk adjustment factor to a more comprehensive risk management system.
RISK MANAGEMENT IN CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS AS PER INDIAN SCENARIOIAEME Publication
Construction industry is highly risk prone, with complex and dynamic project
environments creating an atmosphere of high uncertainty and risk. The industry is
vulnerable to various technical, sociopolitical and business risks. The track record
to cope with these risks has not been very good in construction industry. As a
result, the people working in the industry bear various failures, such as, failure of
abiding by quality and operational requirements, cost overruns and uncertain delays
in project completion. In light of this, it can be said that an effective systems of risk
assessment and management for construction industry remains a challenging task
for the industry practitioners. The aim of the this research is to identify and evaluate
current risks and uncertainties in the construction industry through extensive
literature survey and aims to make a basis for future studies for development of a
risk management framework to be adopted by prospective investors, developers and
contractors
A study of various factors affecting risk management techniques in constructi...eSAT Journals
Abstract
Risk management is an important step which should not be neglect or ignore in every project. Because of various risk involved in construction, it is difficult to maintain time, cost and quality as planned. Project undertaken in the construction sector are widely complex and have often significant budgets, and thus reducing the risk associated should be a priority for each project manager. The main purpose of this paper is to identify the key risk factors that affect construction project. Questionnaires has been prepared incorporating of 50 difference questions after which questionnaire survey was conducted where the questions has been focused based on (component of questionnaire) the respondents were selected based on their susceptibility to the risk. The data was analyzed using the Statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 21. The result shows that the inadequate planning in construction project, poor adoption of site safety, supply and use of defective materials and poor resources management in construction project are all among the forefront key risk factors which affect construction project, meanwhile, effective recommendations have been developed to increases the efficiency, speedy and minimises risk and abortive work in construction project.
Keywords: Construction Industries, Construction Projects, Risks Management, Techniques
Risk Severity Framework for a BOT Highway ProjectIOSRJMCE
Adequate attention needs to be given to project risk management for reaping the benefits by way of meeting the objectives of an organisation. Organisations which implement good risk management practices derive maximum advantage by way of fewer risks which are quite manageable in general and more so in infrastructure sector which is subjected to plethora of risks. The role of infrastructure in the overall development of a nation cannot be underscored. Considering this, a study has been carried out for an ongoing highway project being executed in the state of Telangana (India) under NHAI. The study was carried out by administering the questionnaire to 250 experts associated with highway sector and the response received was 110. The respondents were asked to identify the risks in four phases of a project namely Feasibility phase, Development Phase, Execution Phase and Operation phase and also the likelihood and impact of each of the identified risks. The severity of risk was determined based on the likelihood and impact of risks and was categorized accordingly. The severity of risk indicates the extent to which the project is exposed to that particular risk and the mitigation measures need to be taken accordingly to minimise the effect of risk
EFFECTIVE RISK MANAGEMENT IN CONSTRUCTION PROJECTSvivatechijri
Risk management is a step to make construction projects more efficient and practical such that
uncertainties should be identified before occurring and changing into crisis and a balance should be made
between threats and opportunities. Accordingly, construction industry is one of the most important and job
creating industries in all countries. Compared to other economic-industrial sectors, construction management is
highly influenced by the perception and employment of risk management concept. Additionally, there are
abundant risks in such activities since Construction projects activities are very complex and various. Hence, it
seems necessary to evaluate the proper use of risk management in various stages of Construction projects life
cycle. In this regard, the present study attempts to describe Construction projects life cycle step by step and
analyse the way of using risk management from designing stage to reviewing and supporting stage. The risk
management framework for construction projects can be improved by combining qualitative and quantitative
methodologies to risk analysis. The research work includes visiting and inspecting various construction sites,
analysing the field, collection of data, interpretation of data; using matrix method of risk calculation calculating
risk and providing effective measures to overcome it.
RISK MANAGEMENT IN HIGH RISE CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS IN SURAT CITYA Makwana
This paper gives information about identification of risk factors and perceptions of Indian construction practitioners i.e., contractors, owners, project managers and Engineers on the importance of different construction risks and how the risks should be assigned between the different parties of the contract. As the very common project styles, construction projects have so many characteristics likewise time limitation, specific items, financial restrictions and requirements, extraordinary structural and legal situations, complexity features. For this situation every construction project has own complex method. Risks constantly happen at construction projects and frequently cause time overrun or cost overrun. If you don’t contemplate these risk factors, or neglect the main factors, these risk factors will affect the damage because of the managerial errors. Risk management is the process which covers to identify the risks, for assessment with the help of qualitatively and quantitatively, to response with appropriate technique for management and controlling. The concept has gain popularity in various industries. Various companies frequently found the method in their projects for upgrading their performance, reducing their losses and increasing their profits. Questionnaire survey among clients, contractors, engineers and architects is analysed using, Relative Importance Index (RII)) method. The focus of this study is to understand what Risk Management is, understand the process of risk management at construction project and have depth knowledge on the use of risk management in high-rise construction projects.
RISK LEVEL ASSESSMENT ON ROAD CONSTRUCTION’S CONTRACTORS USING CULTURAL – PRO...IAEME Publication
This study aimed to analyze the characteristics of potential risk and the risk levels to the contractors in a road construction project and its impact on service providers (contractors), and to make a risk assessment model with multi-criteria to the contractors in road construction projects. Objective contractors road construction is not optimal due to non-performance risk management in the project with the right. This study is done in the form of a survey by capturing the opinions or perceptions, experiences and attitudes of respondents implementing on road construction. Parameters indicating the risk of road construction projects were model and tested using the methodology of Expert Choice to describe, quantify and demonstrate the risk level, allocation, and response in road construction projects with different risk variables. Results of the study firstly identified 281 risks for the road construction including 57 non-technical, 39 technical, 36 financial, 76 cultural, 38 work health and safety management aspect and 35 environmental aspects.
Evaluation of Risk Factors Affecting Cost Performance of Construction Project...IJCMESJOURNAL
Effective management of risk is critical to the success of any construction project. The importance of risk management has grown as projects have become more complex. Contractors have traditionally used financial mark-ups to cover the risk associated with construction projects, but as competition increases and the margins become tighter, they can no longer rely on this strategy and must improve their ability to manage risk. This study has carried out an empirical evaluation of the effect of risk factors on cost performance of projects at delivery. The study is based on the analysis of primary data derived from bills of quantities for the construction/erection of hospital projects by the Ministry of Works and Housing, Jalingo in Taraba State. The obtained data was analyzed using linear regression, t-statistics, F-statistics, line and scatter graphs. The study identified the following risk variables as having significant impact on cost performance: project size, project location, project complexity, level of variations, prime cost sums and provisional sums, estimator bias, market conditions, level of competition, fraudulent practices, construction techniques, economic and political factors, construction accidents, health and safety factors. The study concludes that these factors have to be comprehensively assessed in the light of the individual projects. It recommends among others, the need for a departure from the use of traditional approach of percentage risk adjustment factor to a more comprehensive risk management system.
RISK MANAGEMENT IN CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS AS PER INDIAN SCENARIOIAEME Publication
Construction industry is highly risk prone, with complex and dynamic project
environments creating an atmosphere of high uncertainty and risk. The industry is
vulnerable to various technical, sociopolitical and business risks. The track record
to cope with these risks has not been very good in construction industry. As a
result, the people working in the industry bear various failures, such as, failure of
abiding by quality and operational requirements, cost overruns and uncertain delays
in project completion. In light of this, it can be said that an effective systems of risk
assessment and management for construction industry remains a challenging task
for the industry practitioners. The aim of the this research is to identify and evaluate
current risks and uncertainties in the construction industry through extensive
literature survey and aims to make a basis for future studies for development of a
risk management framework to be adopted by prospective investors, developers and
contractors
A study of various factors affecting risk management techniques in constructi...eSAT Journals
Abstract
Risk management is an important step which should not be neglect or ignore in every project. Because of various risk involved in construction, it is difficult to maintain time, cost and quality as planned. Project undertaken in the construction sector are widely complex and have often significant budgets, and thus reducing the risk associated should be a priority for each project manager. The main purpose of this paper is to identify the key risk factors that affect construction project. Questionnaires has been prepared incorporating of 50 difference questions after which questionnaire survey was conducted where the questions has been focused based on (component of questionnaire) the respondents were selected based on their susceptibility to the risk. The data was analyzed using the Statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 21. The result shows that the inadequate planning in construction project, poor adoption of site safety, supply and use of defective materials and poor resources management in construction project are all among the forefront key risk factors which affect construction project, meanwhile, effective recommendations have been developed to increases the efficiency, speedy and minimises risk and abortive work in construction project.
Keywords: Construction Industries, Construction Projects, Risks Management, Techniques
Risk Severity Framework for a BOT Highway ProjectIOSRJMCE
Adequate attention needs to be given to project risk management for reaping the benefits by way of meeting the objectives of an organisation. Organisations which implement good risk management practices derive maximum advantage by way of fewer risks which are quite manageable in general and more so in infrastructure sector which is subjected to plethora of risks. The role of infrastructure in the overall development of a nation cannot be underscored. Considering this, a study has been carried out for an ongoing highway project being executed in the state of Telangana (India) under NHAI. The study was carried out by administering the questionnaire to 250 experts associated with highway sector and the response received was 110. The respondents were asked to identify the risks in four phases of a project namely Feasibility phase, Development Phase, Execution Phase and Operation phase and also the likelihood and impact of each of the identified risks. The severity of risk was determined based on the likelihood and impact of risks and was categorized accordingly. The severity of risk indicates the extent to which the project is exposed to that particular risk and the mitigation measures need to be taken accordingly to minimise the effect of risk
Your Career is Yours to Own, Shape and GuideDigiday
While you will have supervisors to support and guide you, you are the true owner and master of your destiny. It's important for you be mindful of where you want to go and to be ambitious in your plans to grow and learn. Drive, tenacity and taking risks are critical for success in this industry. They are important in moving your career forward, and equally important in moving the industry forward.
Technology has come to play a crucial role in delivering marketing programs and helping with meeting your marketing objectives. In a space filled with over a 1,000 marketing tech companies providing all kinds of products, platforms & services how do you decide which tools and platforms to invest in?
We polled and received responses from 260 B2B marketers in the United States and internationally. The special report that follows gives you a snapshot of how B2B marketers such as yourself are placing their bets on technology.
Empowering Positive Behaviour Change through Mobile Technology by Jordan Eker...mesh group
Discover how mobile technology is helping people live a healthier and more environmentally-friendly lifestyle. Explore and learn how tactics such as nudge theory, gamification and social norms can be harnessed to inspire positive behaviour change. Share your ideas and engage in an active discussion on how to create positive social change across our country.
The success rate of real estate project is
decreasing as there is large scale of project and participation of
entities. It is necessary to study the risk factors involved in the
project. This paper focused on types of risks involved in the
project, risk factors, risk management tools & techniques.
Identification of risk of the project in terms of the total cost of the
project has been divided under Technical, Financial, Sociopolitical
and Statutory cost centers. Large real estate projects
have to tackle the following issues: land acquisition, skilledlabour
shortage, non-availability of skilled project managers, and
mechanization of the construction process to cater to the growing
demands. Non- availability of supporting infrastructure, political
issues like instability of the government leading to regulatory
issues, social issues, marketing forms an important part in these
projects as this is a onetime investment and the purchase cycle is
long , long development period makes the same project be at
different points in the real estate value cycle.
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI)inventionjournals
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
In Indian scenario of infrastructure industry, there is a colossal vocation of peril analysis knacks and tools available for the management of affliction. In dogma, each peril analysis knack has its strengths and weaknesses. Knacks such as Probability Theory, Certainty Factors and Dempster-Shaffer theory of evidence are discussed with regard to their application to peril analysis in road projects. Suggestions on the most appropriate tools associated with the knacks are also presented. The mighty and emaciation of each knack are highlighted and discussed. This paper inferred the peril to be determined in project.
The Identification of Risks and its Criticality in the Nigeria Construction I...Dr. Amarjeet Singh
Failure in project delivering can be attributed to many risk events in the Nigerian Construction Industry. This risk could be as a result of the dynamic, sensitivity, and complexity of the construction Industry towards its environment, socio-political, economic, technology, and cultural variables in Nigeria. Nevertheless, the low level of Risk Management in Nigeria construction Industry, and the little understanding and knowledge of the subject by Project Stakeholders prompt this study.
A quantitative method of research was carried out, and among the sixty (60) questionnaires administered to clients, consultants, and contractors in the Nigerian construction industry, thirty-one (31) valid responses were obtained. The questionnaires were designed on the twenty (20) types of risks that were identified by construction professionals which were categorized into five namely; Government and Politics; Finance and Economical; Management and Technology; social and Cultural; Natural and Environmental Risks. And, findings made revealed that economic and financial risks surpass all other types in the Nigeria Construction Industry.
Risks have a significant impact on a construction
project’s performance in terms of cost, time and quality. As
the size and complexity of the projects have increased, an
ability to manage risks throughout the construction process
has become a central element preventing unwanted
consequences. How risks are shared between the project
actors is to a large extent governed by the procurement
option and the content of the related contract documents.
Therefore, selecting an appropriate project procurement
option is a key issue for project actors.
The overall aim of this research is to increase the
understanding of risk management in the different
procurement options: design-bid-build contracts, designbuild contracts and collaborative form of partnering. Deeper
understanding is expected to contribute to a more effective
risk management and, therefore, a better project output and
better value for both clients and contractors. The study
involves nine construction projects recently performed in
Sweden and comprises a questionnaire survey and a series of
interviews with clients, contractors and consultants involved
in these construction projects.
The findings of this work show a lack of an iterative
approach to risk management, which is a weakness in current
procurement practices. This aspect must be addressed if the
risk management process is to serve projects and, thus, their
clients. The absence of systematic risk management is
especially noted in the programme phase, where it arguably
has the greatest potential impact. The production phase is
where most interest and activity are to be found. As a matter
of practice, the communication of risks between the actors
simply does not work to the extent that it must if projects are
to be delivered with certainty, irrespective of the form of
procurement.
A clear connection between the procurement option
and risk management in construction projects has been
found. Traditional design-bid-build contracts do not create
opportunities for open discussion of project risks and joint
risk management. A number of drivers of and obstacles to
effective risk management have been explored in the study.
Every actor’s involvement in dialogue, effective
communication and information exchange, open attitudes
and trustful relationship are the factors that support open
discussion of project risks and, therefore, contribute to
successful risk management.
Based on the findings, a number of recommendations
facilitating more effective risk management have been
developed for the industry practitioners.
Risk Management In Construction Projects Of Developing CountriesIJERA Editor
Managing risks in construction projects has been perceived as a very important management process so as to
accomplish the undertaking goals as far as time, cost, quality, safety and environmental sustainability. Projects
have become shared effort of multiple parties and construction industry is a good example of an area, where the
project outcome is delivered in an extremely complex actor network. By adopting risk management, savings’
potentials can be realized in construction projects. For this reason, consideration of the risk management process
is worthwhile for project managers as well as real estate developers. The implementation of risk management
system in construction projects must be oriented towards the progress of the project and pervade all areas,
functions and processes of the project.
For analyzing the levels of various risk factors in construction industry, questionnaire surveys were used to
collect data. Based on a comprehensive assessment of the likelihood of occurrence of various risks and their
impacts on the project objectives, this paper identifies twenty major risk factors. This research found that these
risks are mainly related to (in ranking) contractors, clients and designers, with a few related to government
bodies, subcontractors/suppliers and external issues. Among them, “Financial Risk” is recognized to influence
all project destinations maximally, whereas working in hot areas, closure, defective design and delayed
payments on contract are also some important risk factors. This research also found that these risks spread
through the whole project life cycle and many risks occur in more than one phase, with the construction stage as
the most risky phase, followed by the feasibility stage. It is concluded that clients, designers and government
bodies must work cooperatively from the feasibility phase onwards to address potential risks in time. Also
contractors and subcontractors with robust construction and management knowledge should be employed early
to make sound preparation for carrying out safe, efficient and quality construction activities.
The aim of this research is to identify and evaluate current risks and uncertainties in the construction industry
through extensive literature survey. It also intends to make a basis for future studies for development of a risk
management structure to be adopted by prospective investors, developers and contractors in Developing
countries.
The Rank of Risk Factors Affecting Time Delay and Cost Overrun of Building Co...ijtsrd
In Yangon City, Myanmar, most of the building construction projects fail to meet their cost and time constraints, which will lead to low return on investment. The purpose of this paper is to understand risk management of building construction and the study area is Yangon. This study illustrates that how to manage risks in building construction to become a successful project with best possible outcome by reducing risks that delay the project. The study was conducted through a questionnaire survey administered to 39 construction projects and 148 professionals in Yangon for finding risk rating and prioritization of risk. Risk prioritization was done by Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution TOPSIS . Khin Su Yi | Kyaw Kyaw "The Rank of Risk Factors Affecting Time Delay and Cost Overrun of Building Constructions Projects in Yangon" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-4 , June 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd31557.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/risk-management/31557/the-rank-of-risk-factors-affecting-time-delay-and-cost-overrun-of-building-constructions-projects-in-yangon/khin-su-yi
A Study on Risk Assessment in Construction ProjectsIJMER
Risks are very common in construction sector. Risk management includes identifying risks,
assessing risks either quantitatively or qualitatively, choosing the appropriate method for handling the
risks, and then monitoring and documenting risks. By identifying risks in an early stage of planning and
assessing their relative importance, project managers can identify methods used to reduce risks and
allocate the best people to mitigate them. Thus, this research focuses on risk identification, as opposed
to other processes of risk management. "Brain-storming sessions" is the most popular method used
frequently to identify the risks in projects as deduced from a questionnaire survey from participants in
large construction projects. Time and cost management need to be fully integrated with the
identification process. Time constraints and project managers with sufficient experience are critical
when identifying the level of risk for large and/or complex projects. The most considerable types of risk
in construction projects are financial risks, construction risks, and demand or product risks
Indian EPC companies really needs rise their bar in execution of EPC projects ,there is substantial risk involved in those projects, needs rise the bar in design , procurement ,safety and integrated project management to successful completion of the project.
EFFECTS OF RISK MANAGEMENT METHODS ON PROJECT PERFORMANCE IN RWANDAN CONSTRUC...Sibo Kanyambari Aimable
Risks are very common in construction sector. Risk is the Possibility of suffering loss and the impact on the involved parties. According to APM (2006), all projects are inherently risky because they are unique, constrained, complex, based on assumptions, and performed by people. As a result, project risk management methods must be built into the management of projects and should be used throughout the project lifecycle.
Many construction projects fail because organizations assume that all the projects would succeed and they therefore do not identify, analyze, and provide mitigation or contingencies for the risk elements involved in the project.
Society desires that all projects should be performing and has become less tolerant of failure (Edwards and Bowen, 2005). Pressure is exerted on project managers to minimize the chance of project failure. This increasing pressure for performance which suggests that it is prudent for anyone involved in a project to be concerned about the associated risks and how they can be effectively managed.
Traditionally, performance of a project is analyzed on the criteria of quality, budget and time of completion. Two more criteria to determine the performance of a project were added by Kerzner (2001). Firstly, the project would effectively and efficiently manage risks and, secondly, it should be accepted by the customer.
It is known that the cause of the projects failure can be directly related to the extent of risk management methods undertaken. Besides, the level of risk management methods undertaken during project lifecycle impacts directly on the performance or otherwise of the project. Furthermore, using risk management methods effectively to manage risk should be continuously undertaken throughout the project lifecycle to enhance project performance. Risk management methods are thus an important tool to cope with such substantial risks in projects performance.
The main objective of the enquiry work that underpins this research is to investigate the effect of risk management methods on project performance. In this paper, a case study of RSSB multi-storey already executed project is considered.
ANALYSIS OF RISK CATEGORIES AND FACTORS FOR PPP PROJECTS USING ANALYTIC HIERA...A Makwana
Success of Public Private Partnership projects is greatly influenced by proper management of the risks associated with the project. All projects which are undertaken using conventional procurement method or using a PPP approach have known risks and unknown risks. Risk identification plays an important role in development of PPP framework. The participation and investment of Private sector has been the main stay of the Government of India policy toward infrastructural growth. In this study main risk categories and factors of Public Private Partnership projects have been recognized. A total of 7 risk categories and 31 risk sub-factors for each category were identified for PPP projects safety listed under subheads. The questionnaire was prepared on the basis of literature review and was filled by 100 Stakeholders namely Consultant/Client, Project Manager/ Contractor, Engineer. Generally Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) is widely used as multi criteria decision making. Normally it is very hard to meet the consistence need of a comparison matrix in analytic hierarchy process. In this study AHP is used to categories the risks of PPP projects in different levels and the impact of those risks on the PPP projects are identified.
Similar to International Journal of Engineering Research and Development (20)
A Novel Method for Prevention of Bandwidth Distributed Denial of Service AttacksIJERD Editor
Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) Attacks became a massive threat to the Internet. Traditional
Architecture of internet is vulnerable to the attacks like DDoS. Attacker primarily acquire his army of Zombies,
then that army will be instructed by the Attacker that when to start an attack and on whom the attack should be
done. In this paper, different techniques which are used to perform DDoS Attacks, Tools that were used to
perform Attacks and Countermeasures in order to detect the attackers and eliminate the Bandwidth Distributed
Denial of Service attacks (B-DDoS) are reviewed. DDoS Attacks were done by using various Flooding
techniques which are used in DDoS attack.
The main purpose of this paper is to design an architecture which can reduce the Bandwidth
Distributed Denial of service Attack and make the victim site or server available for the normal users by
eliminating the zombie machines. Our Primary focus of this paper is to dispute how normal machines are
turning into zombies (Bots), how attack is been initiated, DDoS attack procedure and how an organization can
save their server from being a DDoS victim. In order to present this we implemented a simulated environment
with Cisco switches, Routers, Firewall, some virtual machines and some Attack tools to display a real DDoS
attack. By using Time scheduling, Resource Limiting, System log, Access Control List and some Modular
policy Framework we stopped the attack and identified the Attacker (Bot) machines
Hearing loss is one of the most common human impairments. It is estimated that by year 2015 more
than 700 million people will suffer mild deafness. Most can be helped by hearing aid devices depending on the
severity of their hearing loss. This paper describes the implementation and characterization details of a dual
channel transmitter front end (TFE) for digital hearing aid (DHA) applications that use novel micro
electromechanical- systems (MEMS) audio transducers and ultra-low power-scalable analog-to-digital
converters (ADCs), which enable a very-low form factor, energy-efficient implementation for next-generation
DHA. The contribution of the design is the implementation of the dual channel MEMS microphones and powerscalable
ADC system.
Influence of tensile behaviour of slab on the structural Behaviour of shear c...IJERD Editor
-A composite beam is composed of a steel beam and a slab connected by means of shear connectors
like studs installed on the top flange of the steel beam to form a structure behaving monolithically. This study
analyzes the effects of the tensile behavior of the slab on the structural behavior of the shear connection like slip
stiffness and maximum shear force in composite beams subjected to hogging moment. The results show that the
shear studs located in the crack-concentration zones due to large hogging moments sustain significantly smaller
shear force and slip stiffness than the other zones. Moreover, the reduction of the slip stiffness in the shear
connection appears also to be closely related to the change in the tensile strain of rebar according to the increase
of the load. Further experimental and analytical studies shall be conducted considering variables such as the
reinforcement ratio and the arrangement of shear connectors to achieve efficient design of the shear connection
in composite beams subjected to hogging moment.
Gold prospecting using Remote Sensing ‘A case study of Sudan’IJERD Editor
Gold has been extracted from northeast Africa for more than 5000 years, and this may be the first
place where the metal was extracted. The Arabian-Nubian Shield (ANS) is an exposure of Precambrian
crystalline rocks on the flanks of the Red Sea. The crystalline rocks are mostly Neoproterozoic in age. ANS
includes the nations of Israel, Jordan. Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Yemen, and Somalia.
Arabian Nubian Shield Consists of juvenile continental crest that formed between 900 550 Ma, when intra
oceanic arc welded together along ophiolite decorated arc. Primary Au mineralization probably developed in
association with the growth of intra oceanic arc and evolution of back arc. Multiple episodes of deformation
have obscured the primary metallogenic setting, but at least some of the deposits preserve evidence that they
originate as sea floor massive sulphide deposits.
The Red Sea Hills Region is a vast span of rugged, harsh and inhospitable sector of the Earth with
inimical moon-like terrain, nevertheless since ancient times it is famed to be an abode of gold and was a major
source of wealth for the Pharaohs of ancient Egypt. The Pharaohs old workings have been periodically
rediscovered through time. Recent endeavours by the Geological Research Authority of Sudan led to the
discovery of a score of occurrences with gold and massive sulphide mineralizations. In the nineties of the
previous century the Geological Research Authority of Sudan (GRAS) in cooperation with BRGM utilized
satellite data of Landsat TM using spectral ratio technique to map possible mineralized zones in the Red Sea
Hills of Sudan. The outcome of the study mapped a gossan type gold mineralization. Band ratio technique was
applied to Arbaat area and a signature of alteration zone was detected. The alteration zones are commonly
associated with mineralization. The alteration zones are commonly associated with mineralization. A filed check
confirmed the existence of stock work of gold bearing quartz in the alteration zone. Another type of gold
mineralization that was discovered using remote sensing is the gold associated with metachert in the Atmur
Desert.
Reducing Corrosion Rate by Welding DesignIJERD Editor
The paper addresses the importance of welding design to prevent corrosion at steel. Welding is
used to join pipe, profiles at bridges, spindle, and a lot more part of engineering construction. The
problems happened associated with welding are common issues in these fields, especially corrosion.
Corrosion can be reduced with many methods, they are painting, controlling humidity, and also good
welding design. In the research, it can be found that reducing residual stress on the welding can be
solved in corrosion rate reduction problem.
Preheating on 500oC and 600oC give better condition to reduce corosion rate than condition after
preheating 400oC. For all welding groove type, material with 500oC and 600oC preheating after 14 days
corrosion test is 0,5%-0,69% lost. Material with 400oC preheating after 14 days corrosion test is 0,57%-0,76%
lost.
Welding groove also influence corrosion rate. X and V type welding groove give better condition to reduce
corrosion rate than use 1/2V and 1/2 X welding groove. After 14 days corrosion test, the samples with
X welding groove type is 0,5%-0,57% lost. The samples with V welding groove after 14 days corrosion test is
0,51%-0,59% lost. The samples with 1/2V and 1/2X welding groove after 14 days corrosion test is 0,58%-
0,71% lost.
Router 1X3 – RTL Design and VerificationIJERD Editor
Routing is the process of moving a packet of data from source to destination and enables messages
to pass from one computer to another and eventually reach the target machine. A router is a networking device
that forwards data packets between computer networks. It is connected to two or more data lines from different
networks (as opposed to a network switch, which connects data lines from one single network). This paper,
mainly emphasizes upon the study of router device, it‟s top level architecture, and how various sub-modules of
router i.e. Register, FIFO, FSM and Synchronizer are synthesized, and simulated and finally connected to its top
module.
Active Power Exchange in Distributed Power-Flow Controller (DPFC) At Third Ha...IJERD Editor
This paper presents a component within the flexible ac-transmission system (FACTS) family, called
distributed power-flow controller (DPFC). The DPFC is derived from the unified power-flow controller (UPFC)
with an eliminated common dc link. The DPFC has the same control capabilities as the UPFC, which comprise
the adjustment of the line impedance, the transmission angle, and the bus voltage. The active power exchange
between the shunt and series converters, which is through the common dc link in the UPFC, is now through the
transmission lines at the third-harmonic frequency. DPFC multiple small-size single-phase converters which
reduces the cost of equipment, no voltage isolation between phases, increases redundancy and there by
reliability increases. The principle and analysis of the DPFC are presented in this paper and the corresponding
simulation results that are carried out on a scaled prototype are also shown.
Mitigation of Voltage Sag/Swell with Fuzzy Control Reduced Rating DVRIJERD Editor
Power quality has been an issue that is becoming increasingly pivotal in industrial electricity
consumers point of view in recent times. Modern industries employ Sensitive power electronic equipments,
control devices and non-linear loads as part of automated processes to increase energy efficiency and
productivity. Voltage disturbances are the most common power quality problem due to this the use of a large
numbers of sophisticated and sensitive electronic equipment in industrial systems is increased. This paper
discusses the design and simulation of dynamic voltage restorer for improvement of power quality and
reduce the harmonics distortion of sensitive loads. Power quality problem is occurring at non-standard
voltage, current and frequency. Electronic devices are very sensitive loads. In power system voltage sag,
swell, flicker and harmonics are some of the problem to the sensitive load. The compensation capability
of a DVR depends primarily on the maximum voltage injection ability and the amount of stored
energy available within the restorer. This device is connected in series with the distribution feeder at
medium voltage. A fuzzy logic control is used to produce the gate pulses for control circuit of DVR and the
circuit is simulated by using MATLAB/SIMULINK software.
Study on the Fused Deposition Modelling In Additive ManufacturingIJERD Editor
Additive manufacturing process, also popularly known as 3-D printing, is a process where a product
is created in a succession of layers. It is based on a novel materials incremental manufacturing philosophy.
Unlike conventional manufacturing processes where material is removed from a given work price to derive the
final shape of a product, 3-D printing develops the product from scratch thus obviating the necessity to cut away
materials. This prevents wastage of raw materials. Commonly used raw materials for the process are ABS
plastic, PLA and nylon. Recently the use of gold, bronze and wood has also been implemented. The complexity
factor of this process is 0% as in any object of any shape and size can be manufactured.
Spyware triggering system by particular string valueIJERD Editor
This computer programme can be used for good and bad purpose in hacking or in any general
purpose. We can say it is next step for hacking techniques such as keylogger and spyware. Once in this system if
user or hacker store particular string as a input after that software continually compare typing activity of user
with that stored string and if it is match then launch spyware programme.
A Blind Steganalysis on JPEG Gray Level Image Based on Statistical Features a...IJERD Editor
This paper presents a blind steganalysis technique to effectively attack the JPEG steganographic
schemes i.e. Jsteg, F5, Outguess and DWT Based. The proposed method exploits the correlations between
block-DCTcoefficients from intra-block and inter-block relation and the statistical moments of characteristic
functions of the test image is selected as features. The features are extracted from the BDCT JPEG 2-array.
Support Vector Machine with cross-validation is implemented for the classification.The proposed scheme gives
improved outcome in attacking.
Secure Image Transmission for Cloud Storage System Using Hybrid SchemeIJERD Editor
- Data over the cloud is transferred or transmitted between servers and users. Privacy of that
data is very important as it belongs to personal information. If data get hacked by the hacker, can be
used to defame a person’s social data. Sometimes delay are held during data transmission. i.e. Mobile
communication, bandwidth is low. Hence compression algorithms are proposed for fast and efficient
transmission, encryption is used for security purposes and blurring is used by providing additional
layers of security. These algorithms are hybridized for having a robust and efficient security and
transmission over cloud storage system.
Application of Buckley-Leverett Equation in Modeling the Radius of Invasion i...IJERD Editor
A thorough review of existing literature indicates that the Buckley-Leverett equation only analyzes
waterflood practices directly without any adjustments on real reservoir scenarios. By doing so, quite a number
of errors are introduced into these analyses. Also, for most waterflood scenarios, a radial investigation is more
appropriate than a simplified linear system. This study investigates the adoption of the Buckley-Leverett
equation to estimate the radius invasion of the displacing fluid during waterflooding. The model is also adopted
for a Microbial flood and a comparative analysis is conducted for both waterflooding and microbial flooding.
Results shown from the analysis doesn’t only records a success in determining the radial distance of the leading
edge of water during the flooding process, but also gives a clearer understanding of the applicability of
microbes to enhance oil production through in-situ production of bio-products like bio surfactans, biogenic
gases, bio acids etc.
Gesture Gaming on the World Wide Web Using an Ordinary Web CameraIJERD Editor
- Gesture gaming is a method by which users having a laptop/pc/x-box play games using natural or
bodily gestures. This paper presents a way of playing free flash games on the internet using an ordinary webcam
with the help of open source technologies. Emphasis in human activity recognition is given on the pose
estimation and the consistency in the pose of the player. These are estimated with the help of an ordinary web
camera having different resolutions from VGA to 20mps. Our work involved giving a 10 second documentary to
the user on how to play a particular game using gestures and what are the various kinds of gestures that can be
performed in front of the system. The initial inputs of the RGB values for the gesture component is obtained by
instructing the user to place his component in a red box in about 10 seconds after the short documentary before
the game is finished. Later the system opens the concerned game on the internet on popular flash game sites like
miniclip, games arcade, GameStop etc and loads the game clicking at various places and brings the state to a
place where the user is to perform only gestures to start playing the game. At any point of time the user can call
off the game by hitting the esc key and the program will release all of the controls and return to the desktop. It
was noted that the results obtained using an ordinary webcam matched that of the Kinect and the users could
relive the gaming experience of the free flash games on the net. Therefore effective in game advertising could
also be achieved thus resulting in a disruptive growth to the advertising firms.
Hardware Analysis of Resonant Frequency Converter Using Isolated Circuits And...IJERD Editor
-LLC resonant frequency converter is basically a combo of series as well as parallel resonant ckt. For
LCC resonant converter it is associated with a disadvantage that, though it has two resonant frequencies, the
lower resonant frequency is in ZCS region[5]. For this application, we are not able to design the converter
working at this resonant frequency. LLC resonant converter existed for a very long time but because of
unknown characteristic of this converter it was used as a series resonant converter with basically a passive
(resistive) load. . Here, it was designed to operate in switching frequency higher than resonant frequency of the
series resonant tank of Lr and Cr converter acts very similar to Series Resonant Converter. The benefit of LLC
resonant converter is narrow switching frequency range with light load[6] . Basically, the control ckt plays a
very imp. role and hence 555 Timer used here provides a perfect square wave as the control ckt provides no
slew rate which makes the square wave really strong and impenetrable. The dead band circuit provides the
exclusive dead band in micro seconds so as to avoid the simultaneous firing of two pairs of IGBT’s where one
pair switches off and the other on for a slightest period of time. Hence, the isolator ckt here is associated with
each and every ckt used because it acts as a driver and an isolation to each of the IGBT is provided with one
exclusive transformer supply[3]. The IGBT’s are fired using the appropriate signal using the previous boards
and hence at last a high frequency rectifier ckt with a filtering capacitor is used to get an exact dc
waveform .The basic goal of this particular analysis is to observe the wave forms and characteristics of
converters with differently positioned passive elements in the form of tank circuits.
Simulated Analysis of Resonant Frequency Converter Using Different Tank Circu...IJERD Editor
LLC resonant frequency converter is basically a combo of series as well as parallel resonant ckt. For
LCC resonant converter it is associated with a disadvantage that, though it has two resonant frequencies, the
lower resonant frequency is in ZCS region [5]. For this application, we are not able to design the converter
working at this resonant frequency. LLC resonant converter existed for a very long time but because of
unknown characteristic of this converter it was used as a series resonant converter with basically a passive
(resistive) load. . Here, it was designed to operate in switching frequency higher than resonant frequency of the
series resonant tank of Lr and Cr converter acts very similar to Series Resonant Converter. The benefit of LLC
resonant converter is narrow switching frequency range with light load[6] . Basically, the control ckt plays a
very imp. role and hence 555 Timer used here provides a perfect square wave as the control ckt provides no
slew rate which makes the square wave really strong and impenetrable. The dead band circuit provides the
exclusive dead band in micro seconds so as to avoid the simultaneous firing of two pairs of IGBT’s where one
pair switches off and the other on for a slightest period of time. Hence, the isolator ckt here is associated with
each and every ckt used because it acts as a driver and an isolation to each of the IGBT is provided with one
exclusive transformer supply[3]. The IGBT’s are fired using the appropriate signal using the previous boards
and hence at last a high frequency rectifier ckt with a filtering capacitor is used to get an exact dc
waveform .The basic goal of this particular analysis is to observe the wave forms and characteristics of
converters with differently positioned passive elements in the form of tank circuits. The supported simulation
is done through PSIM 6.0 software tool
Amateurs Radio operator, also known as HAM communicates with other HAMs through Radio
waves. Wireless communication in which Moon is used as natural satellite is called Moon-bounce or EME
(Earth -Moon-Earth) technique. Long distance communication (DXing) using Very High Frequency (VHF)
operated amateur HAM radio was difficult. Even with the modest setup having good transceiver, power
amplifier and high gain antenna with high directivity, VHF DXing is possible. Generally 2X11 YAGI antenna
along with rotor to set horizontal and vertical angle is used. Moon tracking software gives exact location,
visibility of Moon at both the stations and other vital data to acquire real time position of moon.
“MS-Extractor: An Innovative Approach to Extract Microsatellites on „Y‟ Chrom...IJERD Editor
Simple Sequence Repeats (SSR), also known as Microsatellites, have been extensively used as
molecular markers due to their abundance and high degree of polymorphism. The nucleotide sequences of
polymorphic forms of the same gene should be 99.9% identical. So, Microsatellites extraction from the Gene is
crucial. However, Microsatellites repeat count is compared, if they differ largely, he has some disorder. The Y
chromosome likely contains 50 to 60 genes that provide instructions for making proteins. Because only males
have the Y chromosome, the genes on this chromosome tend to be involved in male sex determination and
development. Several Microsatellite Extractors exist and they fail to extract microsatellites on large data sets of
giga bytes and tera bytes in size. The proposed tool “MS-Extractor: An Innovative Approach to extract
Microsatellites on „Y‟ Chromosome” can extract both Perfect as well as Imperfect Microsatellites from large
data sets of human genome „Y‟. The proposed system uses string matching with sliding window approach to
locate Microsatellites and extracts them.
Importance of Measurements in Smart GridIJERD Editor
- The need to get reliable supply, independence from fossil fuels, and capability to provide clean
energy at a fixed and lower cost, the existing power grid structure is transforming into Smart Grid. The
development of a smart energy distribution grid is a current goal of many nations. A Smart Grid should have
new capabilities such as self-healing, high reliability, energy management, and real-time pricing. This new era
of smart future grid will lead to major changes in existing technologies at generation, transmission and
distribution levels. The incorporation of renewable energy resources and distribution generators in the existing
grid will increase the complexity, optimization problems and instability of the system. This will lead to a
paradigm shift in the instrumentation and control requirements for Smart Grids for high quality, stable and
reliable electricity supply of power. The monitoring of the grid system state and stability relies on the
availability of reliable measurement of data. In this paper the measurement areas that highlight new
measurement challenges, development of the Smart Meters and the critical parameters of electric energy to be
monitored for improving the reliability of power systems has been discussed.
Study of Macro level Properties of SCC using GGBS and Lime stone powderIJERD Editor
One of the major environmental concerns is the disposal of the waste materials and utilization of
industrial by products. Lime stone quarries will produce millions of tons waste dust powder every year. Having
considerable high degree of fineness in comparision to cement this material may be utilized as a partial
replacement to cement. For this purpose an experiment is conducted to investigate the possibility of using lime
stone powder in the production of SCC with combined use GGBS and how it affects the fresh and mechanical
properties of SCC. First SCC is made by replacing cement with GGBS in percentages like 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and
by taking the optimum mix with GGBS lime stone powder is blended to mix in percentages like 5, 10, 15, 20 as
a partial replacement to cement. Test results shows that the SCC mix with combination of 30% GGBS and 15%
limestone powder gives maximum compressive strength and fresh properties are also in the limits prescribed by
the EFNARC.
LF Energy Webinar: Electrical Grid Modelling and Simulation Through PowSyBl -...DanBrown980551
Do you want to learn how to model and simulate an electrical network from scratch in under an hour?
Then welcome to this PowSyBl workshop, hosted by Rte, the French Transmission System Operator (TSO)!
During the webinar, you will discover the PowSyBl ecosystem as well as handle and study an electrical network through an interactive Python notebook.
PowSyBl is an open source project hosted by LF Energy, which offers a comprehensive set of features for electrical grid modelling and simulation. Among other advanced features, PowSyBl provides:
- A fully editable and extendable library for grid component modelling;
- Visualization tools to display your network;
- Grid simulation tools, such as power flows, security analyses (with or without remedial actions) and sensitivity analyses;
The framework is mostly written in Java, with a Python binding so that Python developers can access PowSyBl functionalities as well.
What you will learn during the webinar:
- For beginners: discover PowSyBl's functionalities through a quick general presentation and the notebook, without needing any expert coding skills;
- For advanced developers: master the skills to efficiently apply PowSyBl functionalities to your real-world scenarios.
Accelerate your Kubernetes clusters with Varnish CachingThijs Feryn
A presentation about the usage and availability of Varnish on Kubernetes. This talk explores the capabilities of Varnish caching and shows how to use the Varnish Helm chart to deploy it to Kubernetes.
This presentation was delivered at K8SUG Singapore. See https://feryn.eu/presentations/accelerate-your-kubernetes-clusters-with-varnish-caching-k8sug-singapore-28-2024 for more details.
Essentials of Automations: Optimizing FME Workflows with ParametersSafe Software
Are you looking to streamline your workflows and boost your projects’ efficiency? Do you find yourself searching for ways to add flexibility and control over your FME workflows? If so, you’re in the right place.
Join us for an insightful dive into the world of FME parameters, a critical element in optimizing workflow efficiency. This webinar marks the beginning of our three-part “Essentials of Automation” series. This first webinar is designed to equip you with the knowledge and skills to utilize parameters effectively: enhancing the flexibility, maintainability, and user control of your FME projects.
Here’s what you’ll gain:
- Essentials of FME Parameters: Understand the pivotal role of parameters, including Reader/Writer, Transformer, User, and FME Flow categories. Discover how they are the key to unlocking automation and optimization within your workflows.
- Practical Applications in FME Form: Delve into key user parameter types including choice, connections, and file URLs. Allow users to control how a workflow runs, making your workflows more reusable. Learn to import values and deliver the best user experience for your workflows while enhancing accuracy.
- Optimization Strategies in FME Flow: Explore the creation and strategic deployment of parameters in FME Flow, including the use of deployment and geometry parameters, to maximize workflow efficiency.
- Pro Tips for Success: Gain insights on parameterizing connections and leveraging new features like Conditional Visibility for clarity and simplicity.
We’ll wrap up with a glimpse into future webinars, followed by a Q&A session to address your specific questions surrounding this topic.
Don’t miss this opportunity to elevate your FME expertise and drive your projects to new heights of efficiency.
State of ICS and IoT Cyber Threat Landscape Report 2024 previewPrayukth K V
The IoT and OT threat landscape report has been prepared by the Threat Research Team at Sectrio using data from Sectrio, cyber threat intelligence farming facilities spread across over 85 cities around the world. In addition, Sectrio also runs AI-based advanced threat and payload engagement facilities that serve as sinks to attract and engage sophisticated threat actors, and newer malware including new variants and latent threats that are at an earlier stage of development.
The latest edition of the OT/ICS and IoT security Threat Landscape Report 2024 also covers:
State of global ICS asset and network exposure
Sectoral targets and attacks as well as the cost of ransom
Global APT activity, AI usage, actor and tactic profiles, and implications
Rise in volumes of AI-powered cyberattacks
Major cyber events in 2024
Malware and malicious payload trends
Cyberattack types and targets
Vulnerability exploit attempts on CVEs
Attacks on counties – USA
Expansion of bot farms – how, where, and why
In-depth analysis of the cyber threat landscape across North America, South America, Europe, APAC, and the Middle East
Why are attacks on smart factories rising?
Cyber risk predictions
Axis of attacks – Europe
Systemic attacks in the Middle East
Download the full report from here:
https://sectrio.com/resources/ot-threat-landscape-reports/sectrio-releases-ot-ics-and-iot-security-threat-landscape-report-2024/
Neuro-symbolic is not enough, we need neuro-*semantic*Frank van Harmelen
Neuro-symbolic (NeSy) AI is on the rise. However, simply machine learning on just any symbolic structure is not sufficient to really harvest the gains of NeSy. These will only be gained when the symbolic structures have an actual semantics. I give an operational definition of semantics as “predictable inference”.
All of this illustrated with link prediction over knowledge graphs, but the argument is general.
Software Delivery At the Speed of AI: Inflectra Invests In AI-Powered QualityInflectra
In this insightful webinar, Inflectra explores how artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming software development and testing. Discover how AI-powered tools are revolutionizing every stage of the software development lifecycle (SDLC), from design and prototyping to testing, deployment, and monitoring.
Learn about:
• The Future of Testing: How AI is shifting testing towards verification, analysis, and higher-level skills, while reducing repetitive tasks.
• Test Automation: How AI-powered test case generation, optimization, and self-healing tests are making testing more efficient and effective.
• Visual Testing: Explore the emerging capabilities of AI in visual testing and how it's set to revolutionize UI verification.
• Inflectra's AI Solutions: See demonstrations of Inflectra's cutting-edge AI tools like the ChatGPT plugin and Azure Open AI platform, designed to streamline your testing process.
Whether you're a developer, tester, or QA professional, this webinar will give you valuable insights into how AI is shaping the future of software delivery.
Dev Dives: Train smarter, not harder – active learning and UiPath LLMs for do...UiPathCommunity
💥 Speed, accuracy, and scaling – discover the superpowers of GenAI in action with UiPath Document Understanding and Communications Mining™:
See how to accelerate model training and optimize model performance with active learning
Learn about the latest enhancements to out-of-the-box document processing – with little to no training required
Get an exclusive demo of the new family of UiPath LLMs – GenAI models specialized for processing different types of documents and messages
This is a hands-on session specifically designed for automation developers and AI enthusiasts seeking to enhance their knowledge in leveraging the latest intelligent document processing capabilities offered by UiPath.
Speakers:
👨🏫 Andras Palfi, Senior Product Manager, UiPath
👩🏫 Lenka Dulovicova, Product Program Manager, UiPath
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 4DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 4. In this session, we will cover Test Manager overview along with SAP heatmap.
The UiPath Test Manager overview with SAP heatmap webinar offers a concise yet comprehensive exploration of the role of a Test Manager within SAP environments, coupled with the utilization of heatmaps for effective testing strategies.
Participants will gain insights into the responsibilities, challenges, and best practices associated with test management in SAP projects. Additionally, the webinar delves into the significance of heatmaps as a visual aid for identifying testing priorities, areas of risk, and resource allocation within SAP landscapes. Through this session, attendees can expect to enhance their understanding of test management principles while learning practical approaches to optimize testing processes in SAP environments using heatmap visualization techniques
What will you get from this session?
1. Insights into SAP testing best practices
2. Heatmap utilization for testing
3. Optimization of testing processes
4. Demo
Topics covered:
Execution from the test manager
Orchestrator execution result
Defect reporting
SAP heatmap example with demo
Speaker:
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
International Journal of Engineering Research and Development
1. International Journal of Engineering Research and Development
e-ISSN: 2278-067X, p-ISSN: 2278-800X, www.ijerd.com
Volume 10, Issue 5 (May 2014), PP.01-05
1
Evaluation of Construction Risks Impact on Construction
Project Manager’s
A.Senthilkumar1
, Dr.S.Senthil Selvan2 ,
M.Balasubramaian3,
K.S.Anandh4
1
P.G Student in Construction engineering and Management in SRM University, Chennai, India.
2
Professor – Civil engineering, SRM University, Chennai, India.
3
Assistant Professor – Civil engineering, SRM University, Chennai, India.
4
Assistant Professor – Civil engineering, SRM University, Chennai, India.
Abstract:- Risks have a significant impact on a construction project‟s performance in terms of cost, time and
quality. As the size and complexity of the projects have increased, an ability to manage risks throughout the
construction process has become a central element preventing unwanted consequences. Construction projects
are always unique and risks raise from a number of the different sources. Construction projects are inherently
complex and dynamic, and involving multiple feedback processes. A lot of participants – individuals and
organisations a reactively involved in the construction project, and they interests may be positively or
negatively affected as a result of the project execution or project completion. This naturally creates problem and
confusion for even the most experienced project managers and contractors. This research work brings out
certain common elements of risks and issues involved for any project life cycle. Here the project life cycle is
arranged in six phases and the risk factor in each phase is assessed. For a construction project it is very
important to look out for the threshold and risks involved for it to be handled easily and comfortably.
Keywords:- Construction industry, Importance Index, Infrastructure projects, Project Life cycle, Reliability
Research, Risk management and Risk assessment
I. INTRODUCTION
Today, with globalization and urbanization, infrastructure construction projects are carried out all over
world. Every project brings with it certain elements of risk. Management of these risks and issues are important
so as to achieve the objectives of the project. For managing these risks and issues, risk assessment plan, risk
management plan must be prepared along with construction management plans. Construction organizations
know the importance of project management and scheduling of a project, they use several methods to assess the
risk involved in the project.
Construction engineering has the feature of a long construction period, human and resources high input,
and involves in many fields, thus a typical set of technical, human and capital fix upon the construction
enterprise, making it has the characteristics of high input and risk. Risk Management has been identified as an
inevitable tool to achieve the above objective.
Although India has spent a great portion of its GDP on infrastructure, it is still far from being adequate
in amount and distributed properly geographically. The Indian government has realized that, just like other
developing countries in the world, there are great deals of things for improving the performance in provision of
infrastructure services. Inadequate funding and inefficient provision, operation and maintenance of
infrastructure are the major problems that the government faces to in this sector. As one of the solutions to
dealing with the problems, the central government and state government, have already given up their monopoly
in this sector and encourage private involvement, including domestic private and foreign direct investment.
Highway network plays an important role in the national economic development, by increasing the productivity
and competitiveness. So, the Indian governments have taken numerous initiatives to improve the national
highway network to keep pace with the demands of the economic development.
II. OBJECTIVES OF RISK MANAGEMENT
A. Definition of Risk
Risk is a negative discrepancy between the actual consequence of a certain activity or action and the
expected objective thereof caused by an unfavourable event which would probably occur in the future.
2. Evaluation of Construction Risks Impact on Construction Project Manager’s
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B. Definition of Risk Management
Risk management may be defined as a process to control the level of risk and to mitigate its effects. It
is a systematic approach for identifying, evaluating and responding to risks encountered in a project (Nummedal
et al., 1996).The potential market of the construction project is very big, but it has long been occupied by a
few transnational companies partially due to the serious risks involved in projects.
The purpose of risk analysis and project management is to help to avoid the most serious effects of risk
can be summarized as follows:
• To keep within the cost estimate
• To achieve the required completion date
• To achieve the required quality and operational requirements
C. Risk identification and Risk Classification
The first step for risk management is to identify the risk and analyse it. And the risk identification is to
identify the risk source, determine the risk occur condition, describe the risk features and evaluate the risk
effect. Risk classification is a significant step in the risk management process, as it attempts to structure the
diverse risks affecting a construction project life cycle. A population consists of the totality of the observation
with which we are concerned (Walpole & Myers, 1998).
III. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
The research methodology selected for this risk management project comprised a comprehensive
literature review, a postal questionnaire to the construction industry practitioners and a statistical analysis of
the survey data. The questionnaire consisted of two phases. Phase 1 solicited general information about the
respondents. Phase 2 carried a total of 45 risks associated with construction projects life cycle and asked
respondents to review and indicate the deduction of risks as low, medium, high, severity of loss due to the risks
as very low, low, medium, high, very high, Probability of occurrence of these risks as very low, low, medium,
high, very high and the level of impact on each project objective that would result in as high, medium or low.
These risks were mainly sourced from Laya Parvizsedghy et al. (2011).
In this research, 10 projects were selected which were executed or under execution and some
interviews were conducted with their professionals by closed questioning methods. Consequently, the risks of
these projects were identified and generalized in order to constitute a comprehensive checklist to identify the
various types of projects‟ risks in project life cycle. The methodology adopted in this research is outlined in
figure 1.
A. An Overview of Risks in a Project Life Cycle
A questionnaire containing six phases and checklist with 45 factors was developed to facilitate data
collection for a project management process as followed
1. Stage I: Concept and Feasibility Study
2. Stage II: Fund Raising & Financial Closure
3. Stage III: Tendering, Bidding & Award of Project
4. Stage IV: Project Planning & Main Procurement
5. Stage V: Contract Execution, Monitoring and Control
6. Stage VI: Project Closure, Claims Settlement and Defect Liability
Figure.1 A brief Outline of methodology adopted in this study
Detailed literature review about various risks
Design Questionnare survey
Conducting Questionnare Survey
Data Collected from questionnare Survey were
assesed for Realiability Check
Reliable data were analysed for the relative
importance index
3. Evaluation of Construction Risks Impact on Construction Project Manager’s
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B. Risk Breakdown Structure
Each risk was included in the group that was considered to be mostly significant even though, it could
take place in another phase too. The risk breakdown structure is presented in table 1.
Table. 1: Risk Breakdown structure
Risk Breakdown Structure
Concept and Feasibility Study
• Political policy changes in the country
• Economic feasibility of project
• Lack of clarity about legal framework and restriction
Fund Raising And Financial
Closure
• The change of government
• Inflation of major material cost
• Detailed project report prepared is not based on realistic data
Tendering, Bidding, and Award of
Project
• Failed to discuss about the technical details ,drawings
• Various permissions to be obtained from Authorities
• Non availability of drawings &Technical specification data
Project Planning and Main
Procurement
• Escalation for the major resources
• Client‟s decision on major procurement, and technical
decision Procedure for payment of imported components
Implementation Phase: Contract
Execution and Design
• Land acquisition necessary for Project
• Lack of safety precautions
• Variation in quantities
Project Completion and Handing
Over
• Change in scope or quantity variation
• Delays in Settlement
• Cost overruns of maintenance expenses
IV. QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS
A. Internal Consistency of Four Parameter
In order to prioritize risks upon their average importance index of 4 parameter i.e. deduction of risk,
severity of loss, Probability of occurrence and risk impact on project a questionnaire with the pre-defined risks
was developed in which each expert was asked to answer 4 questions for each item and they were:
First: Can deduction of risk in advance in the range of 1 to 3
Second: severity loss in their project in the range of 1 to 5
Third: what was probability of occurrence in their project in the range of 1 to 5 and
Fourth: they should have rated the risk based on its impact on the project in the range of 1 to 3
After gathering up the questionnaires, Reliability of the research was done and followed by the data
analysis. The reliability of a survey is the degree of consistency which measures the attribute; it is supposed to
be measuring (Poilt and Hungler, 1985). The less variation and survey produces in repeated measurements of an
attribute, the higher its reliability. Using Cronbach‟s Alpha the reliability of scales of the questionnaire between
each field measured. The normal range of Cronbach‟s coefficient alpha value between 0.5 and + 1.0, and the
higher values reflects a higher degree of internal consistency. As shown in table 2, the Cronbach‟s coefficient
alpha was calculated for the four category of risk assessment of the questionnaire.
Table. 2: Internal consistency of four attributes
Reliability for four parameter Cronbach’s alpha Internal Consistency
Deduction of Risk 0.841 Good
Severity of Loss 0.959 Excellent
Probability of occurrence 0.957 Excellent
Impact on Project delay 0.928 Excellent
B. Data Analysis
Deduction Index: A formula is used to rank the risks in project life cycle based on deduction of risk as identified
by the participants.
Deduction Index (D.I.) (%) = ∑ a (n/N) x 100/3
4. Evaluation of Construction Risks Impact on Construction Project Manager’s
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Impact Index: A formula is used to rank the risks in project life cycle based on Impact on project as identified
by the participants.
Impact Index (I.I.) (%) = ∑ a (n/N) x 100/3
Frequency index: A formula is used to rank the risks in project life cycle based on frequency of occurrence as
identified by the participants
Frequency Index (F.I.) (%) = ∑ a (n/N) x 100/5
Severity index: A formula is used to rank the risks in project life cycle based on severity as indicated by the
participants.
Severity Index (S.I.) (%) = ∑ a (n/N) x 100/5
Where as a denotes the constant expressing weighting given to each response, n is the no of the
responses, and N is the total number of responses
Importance index: The importance index of each cause is calculated as a function of deduction, Impact,
frequency and severity indices, as follows:
Importance index: (IMP.I) (%) = ((F.I (%) x S.I (%))/100+ (I.I (%) x D.I (%))/100)/2
Data from questionnaires were processed statistically and the important index for the factors was
computed. Importance index (I.I %) for the top 20‟s will be listed below as per Table 3.
Table. 3: Importance index for top 20’s
S.NO FACTORS GROUP IMPORTANCE
INDEX (%)
RANKING
1 Change of government STAGE II 70.36 1
2 Land acquisition STAGE V 67.14 2
3 Exchange rate of currency STAGE II 62.22 3
4 Lack of safety precautions STAGE V 62.10 4
5 Inflation of major material cost STAGE II 61.52 5
6 Political policy changes in the country STAGE I 60.94 6
7 Non–availability of materials & proper
subcontractors
STAGE V 59.32 7
8 Escalation for the major resources STAGE IV 58.96 8
9 Variation in quantities STAGE V 58.86 9
10 Project estimate is reachable. STAGE II 56.87 10
11 Clarification about the technical
details ,drawings
STAGE III 56.13 11
12 Client‟s decision on major procurement STAGE IV 55.45 12
13 Quantity Variation clause STAGE V 54.66 13
14 Procedure for payment of imported components STAGE IV 54.47 14
15 Key procurement items STAGE IV 54.43 15
16 Non availability of drawings &Technical
specification
STAGE III 53.71 16
17 Approval of design or change in design STAGE V 52.74 17
18 Various permissions to be obtained from
Authorities
STAGE III 51.73 18
19 Approval of detailed drawings and layout design STAGE IV 51.71 19
20 Coordination between various external agencies STAGE VI 51.71 20
Furthermore, average importance index proved that the largest total number was also related to the
implementation phase of project life cycle with relatively high difference and next phase with high difference is
planning and procurement, while other four phase had approximately of equal scores. The Average Importance
Index of each phase is shown in table 4.
5. Evaluation of Construction Risks Impact on Construction Project Manager’s
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Table.4 Average Importance Index of Each Phase
Phase Description of Phase Phase average
importance index
Ranking
STAGE V Implementation Phase/ Execution & design 23.90% 1
STAGE IV Project Planning and Main Procurement 18.19% 2
STAGE II Fund Raising And Financial Closure 16.98% 3
STAGE III Tendering, Bidding, and Award of Project 15.90% 4
STAGE VI Project Completion and Handing Over 15.11% 5
STAGE I Concept and Feasibility Study 9.93% 6
As a result each risk was grouped in either the very high, high, medium, low or very low. Analysing the
results of risk groupings resulted in that 24% of the risks factors were in the implementation phase.
V. CONCLUSIONS
While most research has focused on some aspects of construction risk management, this research
endeavoured to identify key risks associated with the achievement of all project objectives in terms of cost, time,
quality, environment and safety. On the basis of a survey with industry practitioners owning robust experience
and knowledge of construction projects,45 key risks were highlighted on a comprehensive assessment of their
deduction in advance, severity of loss Probability of occurrence and level of impacts on project objectives.
Checklist of identified risks will be helpful for contractors to identify their potential risks in the future projects
in different phases, they can be specialized due to conditions of their project. The scores of importance index
will help these contractors prioritize risks and also they can do a survey to score on their own conditions.
Moreover, contractors should determine their strategy to mitigate top risks effects and increase their chances of
success. The items proposed as responses for top ten risks should be reviewed and the best action to decrease
the negative impacts of risks in these projects should be taken. Further considerations should be taken in the
implementation phases of projects as the results show that this phase is vulnerable to the highest risks.
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