Íris Baldursdóttir, EVP System Operations & ICT, Landsnet IGC 2018 - Breaking the Barriers The 4th Iceland Geothermal Conference will be hosted in Iceland in April 2018. The conference offers an in-depth discussion of the barriers that hinder development of the geothermal sector and how to overcome them. It also focuses on the business environment through three separate themes: vision, development, and operations. Having established itself as an important regular conference of the international community, IGC 2018 brought together more than 600 participants from 40 countries from around the world. The 4th Iceland Geothermal Conference will be hosted in Iceland in April 2018. The conference offers an in-depth discussion of the barriers that hinder development of the geothermal sector and how to overcome them.

1. Grid Stability offered
by Geothermal
IGC 2018
April 25 2018
Íris Baldursdóttir
EVP System Operations & ICT

2. HYDRO
GEOTHERMAL
WIND
BUSINESSES
HOMES
POWER INTENSIVE
USERS
LANDSNET
GRID
CONTROL ROOM

3. LANDSNET in figures 2017
Cables 243km
Overhead Lines 3.280km
Substations 75
Transmitted Energy 18.512 GWst
Losses 373GWst
Energy not Served 1.495MWst
Reliability 99,99%
Planned outages1.066
…that lead to load curtailment 51

4. THE TIMES
THEY ARE A-CHANGIN‘

5. Power Plants
Users
Transmission-
System
The vertical power system

6. Distributed
Generation
Data
Centers
Electric
Vehicles
Pro-
sumers
Industrial
Users
Wind Power
Smart
Grid Tech.
Batteries
Energy
Transition
Block-
Chain
Trans-
mission
System
Disruption

7. The Icelandic Power System
• Island system
• Rough weather/nature
• Low intertia system
• Severe capacity limits
between regions
• Complex dynamic
instabilities
<5%
Transmission
Capacity

8. The Icelandic Power System
9,4
8
1025
150
27,5
150
420
718
175
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
MW
Installed power
connected to the grid
Hydro Geothermal Wind

9. The Icelandic Power System
9,4
8
1025
150
27,5
150
420
718
175
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
MW
Installed power
connected to the grid
Hydro Geothermal Wind
-
2.000
4.000
6.000
8.000
10.000
12.000
14.000
16.000
18.000
20.000
MWh
Electricity
consumption
GL PIU

10. What does the TSO offer?

11. Research & innovation
European Research Project
10,1 M€
2013-2017
Probabilistic Reliability
assessment
www.sintef.no/projectweb/garpur
Landsnet‘s smart grid program
Started ~2007
Three project categories:
• Micro grid operation
• Grid efficiency
• Stability enhancement
European Research Project
17 M€
2016 - 2019
Solutions to technological
challenges of the future power
system with renewables.
www.h2020-migrate.eu/

13. Smart Grid vs. traditional
measurement systems
1
2
3
5 4
 Angles swing apart during
disturbance → islanding risk
 Act in location to return
angles to system mean angle
Mean
angle
Angle Difference

14. Smart grid solution in Eastern Iceland
• 6 fish factories
• Flexible power contracts
• New control method
• Enabled the conversion from
crude oil to electricity from
renewable resources.
Reduction of
90.000
tonn C02/year

15. Wide Area Control Scheme
❸
❹
❷
❶
❶
❷
❹
❸
Multiple Controllable Resources
• Participants offering flexibility:
2. Aluminum smelter
• Fast load step upwards/downwards
3. Fish factories
• Sheddable load tripping
4. Hydro power plant
• Fast ramping up/down
5. Near future: Geothermal power
plant?

16. The impact of fast response
• Common event in Iceland
• Frequency deviation
• Risk of cascading faults
• Improved and faster
response needed

17. The impact of fast response
• Fast response from both
load and generation
• Reduction in impact
• Islanding and cascading
events avoided
• Improved quality of supply

18. How can geothermal plants
contribute to a stable grid?

19. Power System Stabilizer tuning
PSS off in KRA PSS on in KRA
Results from system tests in Krafla Power Plant

20. Power System Stabilizers in geothermal plants
Results from long-term tests in Krafla Power Plant
ModeAmplitude(MW)
Mode Decay Time Constant (sec)
1.2Hz Mode
Before PSS tuning
After PSS tuning

21. Frequency response of geothermal power plants
An event causing overfrequency
• Comparison of the reaction of
• Two geothermal plants
• Two hydro plants
• Shows the capability of geothermal to
react fast
• Calls for the right trigger

22. Frequency response of geothermal power plants
An event causing severe overfrequency
• Reaction of hydro vs. geothermal
• The combination of hydro and geothermal
is beneficial for the system stability
• If the selective response of the
geothermal can be earlier it is very
effective in combination with hydro.
1 sec delay

23. Final remarks
• Stability is no longer achieved solely through resilient
and reliable technical infrastructure.
• There is a growing demand for flexibility from all market
participants.
• The price for flexibility is increasing.
• Geothermal and hydro can complement each other.
• Geothermal can act fast and bridge the uncovered time-
gap instantly after an event.
• For Geothermal to gain public acceptance it has to use
all it‘s potential to provide stability to the market.

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