1. Distribution systems were traditionally designed for unidirectional power flow but high renewable energy source (RES) penetration can cause bidirectional power flow and other challenges. 2. Maintaining minimum voltage drop was traditionally the main concern but RES integration affects voltage regulation. 3. Distributed RES integration increases vulnerability to overload conditions on small distribution feeders due to intermittent generation and changing network configurations.

1. DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM MONITORING
NECESSITY WITH
HIGH RES PENETRATION

2. 2/22
Outline of the Presentation:
 Overview
• Potential Challenges of
Renewable Integration
• Literature review
 Distribution system
monitoring necessity Will be
raised by RES penetration
 Conclusion

3. 3/22
Siting
Frequency Control
Protection
Voltage Regulation
Variable Generation & Intermittency
Power Market
Power Quality
Potential Challenges of Renewable Integration
Different Grid Code

4. 4/22
RESEARCH PROBLEM
The system voltage must be kept constant; the main reason is that all the system devices insulation level are
designed for a nominal voltage, and voltage violation may be harmful and damage insulation
RES integration , Power Flow and Voltage Regulation
T. Ehara, "Overcoming PV grid issues in urban areas," International Energy Agency, Photovoltaic Power Systems Program, Rep. IEA-PVPS T10-06-2009, 2009.

5. 5/22
Proposed Methods
Reverse power flow
Active power curtailment
Usage the storage and electric vehicle
Demand side management (HPWH)
Using FACTS devices (SVC, D-STATCOM, D-SMES)
Voltage control
Increasing the conductor size
Reducing the setting of OLTC
Operation at leading power factor
Coordination of conventional voltage regulator (OLTC,
SVR, capacitor bank) with FACTS
Summary of proposed methods for mitigating
the reverse power flow and voltage control in presence of RES
Literature Review

6. 6/22
Distribution system monitoring necessity
Will be raised by RES penetration
1. Distribution systems have been designed for radial and
unidirectional power flow.

7. 7/22 Schematic of the IEEE 8500 Node Test Feeder
Distribution system monitoring necessity
Will be raised by RES penetration

8. 8/22
Distribution system monitoring necessity
Will be raised by RES penetration
1. Distribution systems have been designed for radial and
unidirectional power flow.
IEEE 8500 node test feeder power flow direction for PL=100%.
The red colors shows the reversed power flow part of feeder.
The PV units’ location are shown by Orange stars

9. 9/22
Distribution system monitoring necessity
Will be raised by RES penetration
1. Distribution systems have been designed for radial and
unidirectional power flow.
IEEE 8500 node test feeder power flow direction for PL=100%.
The red colors shows the reversed power flow part of feeder.
The PV units’ location are shown by Orange stars

10. 10/22
2. The minimum voltage drop which must be kept within
standard limits, was the main concern of distribution system
planner for a long time.
Distribution system monitoring necessity
Will be raised by RES penetration

11. 11/22
2. The minimum voltage drop which must be kept within
standard limits, was the main concern of distribution system
planner for a long time.
Distribution system monitoring necessity
Will be raised by RES penetration

12. 12/22
2. The minimum voltage drop which must be kept within
standard limits, was the main concern of distribution system
planner for a long time.
Distribution system monitoring necessity
Will be raised by RES penetration

13. 13/22
Distribution system monitoring necessity
Will be raised by RES penetration
3. Distributed RES integration with intermittent characteristic, increases
the vulnerability of small wire size feeder to overload conditions.
Due to changing the switch patterns, the distribution network configuration
is a dynamic variable.

14. 14/22
Distribution system monitoring necessity
Will be raised by RES penetration
4. Distributed ONE-PHASE RES integration with intermittent
characteristic, increases the UNBLANCED LOADING of the system

15. 15/22
Distribution system monitoring necessity
Will be raised by RES penetration
4. Distributed ONE-PHASE RES integration with intermittent
characteristic, increases the UNBLANCED LOADING of the system

16. 16/22
Distribution system and RES integration

17. 17/22
Distribution system and RES integration

18. 18/22
Micro Grid
Distribution system and RES integration

19. 19/22
MicroGrid
Renewable
Integration Area
Renewable
Integration Area
Distribution system and RES integration

20. 20/22
MicroGrid
Renewable
Integration Area
Conclusion
Distribution system with RES integration needs monitoring!

21. 21/22

22. 22/22
Distance relay
PMU
SEL-351 O/C with
load encroachment
Our Solution:
Impedance Based Wide Area
Distribution Network Monitoring