IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences is one of the speciality Journal in Dental Science and Medical Science published by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR). The Journal publishes papers of the highest scientific merit and widest possible scope work in all areas related to medical and dental science. The Journal welcome review articles, leading medical and clinical research articles, technical notes, case reports and others.
Background: Diabetes affects millions of people each year, it is one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide.
Periodontal disease has recently been recognized as the “sixth complication” of diabetes mellitus, the relationship between diabetes and periodontal disease is actually bi-directional. Generally, poor oral hygiene, a long history of diabetes, greater age, and poor metabolic control are associated with more severe periodontal disease. Method: The study is an analytical cross-sectional study, 406 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus selected through systematic random sampling from 5 UNRWA health centers. The World Health Organization’s basic methods tools were used to collect data and assess oral health.
Introduction: The objective of this work is to study the epidemiological and clinical aspects of erectile dysfunction in a population of diabetic patients in the Thies region.
Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Unintentional Injuries Among Old People i...Scientific Review SR
Objective: To describe the KAP (knowledge, attitude and practice, KAP) and explore the influence factors for UIs (unintentional injuries, UIs) among the elderly (aged>﹦60 years) in urban districts of Zunyi, China. Methods: Using random cluster sampling method, a survey was conducted with questionnaires, to collect UIs and related KAP in the elderly and analyze its influencing factors. Results: The annual incidence of UIs (falls, burns, traffics, etc.) was 17.46% in some urban districts of Zunyi. Among them, 27.94% elderly regarded UI as a type of disease; the channels to acquire related knowledge through TV (79.05%), listening to others’ narration (56.83%), community publicity (26.03%), books or newspapers (22.86%) and internet (9.84%). While 76.51% of the elderly believed that UIs were preventable; 81.59% old people worried about UIs; 93.97% of the elderly chose to seek help when they suffered UIs; and 95.25% of elderly people followed traffic rules when crossing the road. In the case of gas use, 25.77% of the cases were checked and closed each time, 40% and 20% old people would check the time before taking the medicine, and purchasing food. Factors affecting the occurrence of UIs were age, heart disease (both P<0.05). Moreover, the living condition had an effect on “whether considering UIs as a kind of disease” (P=0.003). Conclusion: The KAP of UIs in the elderly is not optimistic, though most elderly people think the damage can be prevented; prevention on UIs related behavior needs to be enhanced. We should arouse the public to pay more attentions to keep elderly people far away UIs risk factors in this area.
Background: Diabetes affects millions of people each year, it is one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide.
Periodontal disease has recently been recognized as the “sixth complication” of diabetes mellitus, the relationship between diabetes and periodontal disease is actually bi-directional. Generally, poor oral hygiene, a long history of diabetes, greater age, and poor metabolic control are associated with more severe periodontal disease. Method: The study is an analytical cross-sectional study, 406 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus selected through systematic random sampling from 5 UNRWA health centers. The World Health Organization’s basic methods tools were used to collect data and assess oral health.
Introduction: The objective of this work is to study the epidemiological and clinical aspects of erectile dysfunction in a population of diabetic patients in the Thies region.
Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Unintentional Injuries Among Old People i...Scientific Review SR
Objective: To describe the KAP (knowledge, attitude and practice, KAP) and explore the influence factors for UIs (unintentional injuries, UIs) among the elderly (aged>﹦60 years) in urban districts of Zunyi, China. Methods: Using random cluster sampling method, a survey was conducted with questionnaires, to collect UIs and related KAP in the elderly and analyze its influencing factors. Results: The annual incidence of UIs (falls, burns, traffics, etc.) was 17.46% in some urban districts of Zunyi. Among them, 27.94% elderly regarded UI as a type of disease; the channels to acquire related knowledge through TV (79.05%), listening to others’ narration (56.83%), community publicity (26.03%), books or newspapers (22.86%) and internet (9.84%). While 76.51% of the elderly believed that UIs were preventable; 81.59% old people worried about UIs; 93.97% of the elderly chose to seek help when they suffered UIs; and 95.25% of elderly people followed traffic rules when crossing the road. In the case of gas use, 25.77% of the cases were checked and closed each time, 40% and 20% old people would check the time before taking the medicine, and purchasing food. Factors affecting the occurrence of UIs were age, heart disease (both P<0.05). Moreover, the living condition had an effect on “whether considering UIs as a kind of disease” (P=0.003). Conclusion: The KAP of UIs in the elderly is not optimistic, though most elderly people think the damage can be prevented; prevention on UIs related behavior needs to be enhanced. We should arouse the public to pay more attentions to keep elderly people far away UIs risk factors in this area.
Background: Oral Health (OH) is an essential component of general health, oral diseases have a negative social impact and
adverse consequences on the quality of life, while their treatment places a considerable economic burden on individuals, communities and countries. Oral diseases are related to a number of risk factors and determinants that are common to Diabetes Mellitus (DM) which have oral implications. This study aimed to know DMFT index among type 2 diabetic patients attending UNRWA health centers in Gaza Governorates. Method: An analytical cross-sectional study of 406 patients with type 2 DM selected through systematic random sampling from 5 UNRWA health centers. The World Health Organization’s basic methods tools were used to collect data and assess OH.
The rise of non-communicable diseases and their impact in low- and middle-income countries has gained increased attention in recent years.A cross-sectional survey was carried out among 369 villagers to assess the prevalenceof risk factors for non-communicable diseases at Dhamrai, Dhaka. About 252(68.3%) respondents had knowledge regarding HTN, 247(66.9%) about DM, 193(52.3%) about cancer and among them more than fifty percent respondents gave opinion that smoking as the cause of non communicable disease.Regarding awareness of risk factors of HTN and DM more than sixty percent respondents gave opinion on age advancement,near fifty percent on familialand significant strongassociations were found between NCDs and the risk factors. About 258(39.3%) of the rural participants got information from television.Finally, the need for health system reform to strengthen primary care at rural setting is highlighted as a major policy to reduce the toll of this rising epidemic.
this book having four doctors if you need you can get
Dr Abdifatah dahir nor ( manager)
Dr osman abas mohamed
Dr ibrahim sacid
Dr abdalla mohamud mohamed
A study on clinical presentation and various risk factors associated with pht...IjcmsdrJournal
Background: Tuberculosis is one of the most ancient infectious diseases caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The population most affected is the young and economically productive one. The social factors include poor quality of life, poor housing, overcrowding, population explosion, under nutrition, lack of education, and last but not the least lack of awareness of cause of illness.
Aims and Objectives:
1. To study the clinical presentation of tuberculosis in patients.
2. To study various risk factors of tuberculosis.
Material and Methods: This study was conducted at selected designated microscopic centre (DMCs) Kanpur Nagar district has a population of 45.73lakh ( Census 2011).All the patients who were registered in the selected DMCs in the last one month of the year 2016 ( between April and May) were taken into consideration for the present study. Data was collected on predesigned and pretested questionnaire using direct personal interview method of patients at DMCs on the DOTS days of the week i.e Monday, Wednesday and Friday. Informed consent of the study subjects was taken before interview. A total of 105 registered patients were interviewed personally and also the treatment card of patients was obtained from their respective DMCs.
Results: Out of 105 cases of tuberculosis which reported at DMCs maximum no. of patients belongs to age group between 21-40 yrs of age group (58%). Majority of cases were married (65.7%) cases. (62%) cases were Hindu by religion and (58%) belongs to other backward caste. In the study we found majority of patient was illiterate (34.3%). Most common clinical presentation was cough, fever and cough with expectoration, anorexia was reported in (61.9 %) of cases (77%) were cigarette/bidi smokers, 60% were tobacco chewer. Diabetes was reported in (12.4%) cases and (3.8%) cases were HIV positive.
Effects of Diabetes Mellitus in Prediction of Its Management in Kakamega Countypaperpublications3
Abstract: This descriptive study aimed at studying whether the effects of diabetes mellitus can predict its management in Kakamega County and Kenya. 327 respondents took part in the survey, with 135 (41.3%) being females and 192 (58.7%) being males. Most of the respondents, 190 (62.5%) had acquired primary education, 23 (7.6%) of the respondents had attained post-secondary education. 91(29.9%) of the respondents had attained secondary education. Most of the respondents did know the side effects of diabetes mellitus 204 (67.1%). Those who said loose of body weight 91 (29.9%) as side effects of diabetes were many as compared to those who identified non-healing wounds 9 (3%). Most of the respondents indicated that they did exercise as part of utilization of glucose in the blood stream. Although bicycling was done as an exercise but those who did were 13 (4.3%) as those who did not were 291 (95.7%). A balanced diet results in control of blood pressure and dyslipidemia which was a good riddance in the study area. Both the national government and the county government of Kenya and Kakamega respectively should strengthen health systems through innovative health care and promotion on effects of diabetes mellitus so that the burden of diabetes mellitus is reduced on both the health care services and the community in Kakamega and Kenya.
Factors Influencing Occurrence of Diabetes Mellitus in Shieywe Location Kakam...paperpublications3
Abstract: This cross-sectional study sought to establish factors influencing occurrence of diabetes mellitus in Shieywe location Kakamega County.
Methods: Data was collected through face-to-face interview with selected respondents by a structured questionnaire. Results: 327 respondents took part in the survey, of which 135 (41.3%) were females and 192 (58.7%) were males. Only 23 (7.6%) of the respondents had attained tertiary education (post-secondary education). 91(29.9%) of the respondents had attained secondary education. Most of the respondents, 190 (62.5%) had acquired primary education. Although bicycling exercise is attributed to be a means of preventing diabetes mellitus but those who did were 13 (4.3%) as those who did not were 291 (95.7%). The non-diabetics seeking diabetes medical assistance who covered less than a kilometer to reach a health facility were 73 (24%), as those who covered between 2-5 kilometers being 161 (53%) and those who covered more than 6 kilometers were 70 (23%) to attend scheduled clinics and medical attention. Conclusion: most of diabetics covered more than 6 Kms and 2-5kms to reach a health facility. The Ministry of Health should provide comprehensive services for diabetes mellitus management at level two health facilities to make diabetes mellitus services accessible and affordable.
The IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR) is an open access online & offline peer reviewed international journal, which publishes innovative research papers, reviews, mini-reviews, short communications and notes dealing with Pharmaceutical Sciences( Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharmaceutics, Biopharmaceutics, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Computational Chemistry and Molecular Drug Design, Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Analysis, Pharmacy Practice, Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy, Cell Biology, Genomics and Proteomics, Pharmacogenomics, Bioinformatics and Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Interest........more details on Aim & Scope).
All manuscripts are subject to rapid peer review. Those of high quality (not previously published and not under consideration for publication in another journal) will be published without delay.
Background: Oral Health (OH) is an essential component of general health, oral diseases have a negative social impact and
adverse consequences on the quality of life, while their treatment places a considerable economic burden on individuals, communities and countries. Oral diseases are related to a number of risk factors and determinants that are common to Diabetes Mellitus (DM) which have oral implications. This study aimed to know DMFT index among type 2 diabetic patients attending UNRWA health centers in Gaza Governorates. Method: An analytical cross-sectional study of 406 patients with type 2 DM selected through systematic random sampling from 5 UNRWA health centers. The World Health Organization’s basic methods tools were used to collect data and assess OH.
The rise of non-communicable diseases and their impact in low- and middle-income countries has gained increased attention in recent years.A cross-sectional survey was carried out among 369 villagers to assess the prevalenceof risk factors for non-communicable diseases at Dhamrai, Dhaka. About 252(68.3%) respondents had knowledge regarding HTN, 247(66.9%) about DM, 193(52.3%) about cancer and among them more than fifty percent respondents gave opinion that smoking as the cause of non communicable disease.Regarding awareness of risk factors of HTN and DM more than sixty percent respondents gave opinion on age advancement,near fifty percent on familialand significant strongassociations were found between NCDs and the risk factors. About 258(39.3%) of the rural participants got information from television.Finally, the need for health system reform to strengthen primary care at rural setting is highlighted as a major policy to reduce the toll of this rising epidemic.
this book having four doctors if you need you can get
Dr Abdifatah dahir nor ( manager)
Dr osman abas mohamed
Dr ibrahim sacid
Dr abdalla mohamud mohamed
A study on clinical presentation and various risk factors associated with pht...IjcmsdrJournal
Background: Tuberculosis is one of the most ancient infectious diseases caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The population most affected is the young and economically productive one. The social factors include poor quality of life, poor housing, overcrowding, population explosion, under nutrition, lack of education, and last but not the least lack of awareness of cause of illness.
Aims and Objectives:
1. To study the clinical presentation of tuberculosis in patients.
2. To study various risk factors of tuberculosis.
Material and Methods: This study was conducted at selected designated microscopic centre (DMCs) Kanpur Nagar district has a population of 45.73lakh ( Census 2011).All the patients who were registered in the selected DMCs in the last one month of the year 2016 ( between April and May) were taken into consideration for the present study. Data was collected on predesigned and pretested questionnaire using direct personal interview method of patients at DMCs on the DOTS days of the week i.e Monday, Wednesday and Friday. Informed consent of the study subjects was taken before interview. A total of 105 registered patients were interviewed personally and also the treatment card of patients was obtained from their respective DMCs.
Results: Out of 105 cases of tuberculosis which reported at DMCs maximum no. of patients belongs to age group between 21-40 yrs of age group (58%). Majority of cases were married (65.7%) cases. (62%) cases were Hindu by religion and (58%) belongs to other backward caste. In the study we found majority of patient was illiterate (34.3%). Most common clinical presentation was cough, fever and cough with expectoration, anorexia was reported in (61.9 %) of cases (77%) were cigarette/bidi smokers, 60% were tobacco chewer. Diabetes was reported in (12.4%) cases and (3.8%) cases were HIV positive.
Effects of Diabetes Mellitus in Prediction of Its Management in Kakamega Countypaperpublications3
Abstract: This descriptive study aimed at studying whether the effects of diabetes mellitus can predict its management in Kakamega County and Kenya. 327 respondents took part in the survey, with 135 (41.3%) being females and 192 (58.7%) being males. Most of the respondents, 190 (62.5%) had acquired primary education, 23 (7.6%) of the respondents had attained post-secondary education. 91(29.9%) of the respondents had attained secondary education. Most of the respondents did know the side effects of diabetes mellitus 204 (67.1%). Those who said loose of body weight 91 (29.9%) as side effects of diabetes were many as compared to those who identified non-healing wounds 9 (3%). Most of the respondents indicated that they did exercise as part of utilization of glucose in the blood stream. Although bicycling was done as an exercise but those who did were 13 (4.3%) as those who did not were 291 (95.7%). A balanced diet results in control of blood pressure and dyslipidemia which was a good riddance in the study area. Both the national government and the county government of Kenya and Kakamega respectively should strengthen health systems through innovative health care and promotion on effects of diabetes mellitus so that the burden of diabetes mellitus is reduced on both the health care services and the community in Kakamega and Kenya.
Factors Influencing Occurrence of Diabetes Mellitus in Shieywe Location Kakam...paperpublications3
Abstract: This cross-sectional study sought to establish factors influencing occurrence of diabetes mellitus in Shieywe location Kakamega County.
Methods: Data was collected through face-to-face interview with selected respondents by a structured questionnaire. Results: 327 respondents took part in the survey, of which 135 (41.3%) were females and 192 (58.7%) were males. Only 23 (7.6%) of the respondents had attained tertiary education (post-secondary education). 91(29.9%) of the respondents had attained secondary education. Most of the respondents, 190 (62.5%) had acquired primary education. Although bicycling exercise is attributed to be a means of preventing diabetes mellitus but those who did were 13 (4.3%) as those who did not were 291 (95.7%). The non-diabetics seeking diabetes medical assistance who covered less than a kilometer to reach a health facility were 73 (24%), as those who covered between 2-5 kilometers being 161 (53%) and those who covered more than 6 kilometers were 70 (23%) to attend scheduled clinics and medical attention. Conclusion: most of diabetics covered more than 6 Kms and 2-5kms to reach a health facility. The Ministry of Health should provide comprehensive services for diabetes mellitus management at level two health facilities to make diabetes mellitus services accessible and affordable.
The IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR) is an open access online & offline peer reviewed international journal, which publishes innovative research papers, reviews, mini-reviews, short communications and notes dealing with Pharmaceutical Sciences( Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharmaceutics, Biopharmaceutics, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Computational Chemistry and Molecular Drug Design, Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Analysis, Pharmacy Practice, Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy, Cell Biology, Genomics and Proteomics, Pharmacogenomics, Bioinformatics and Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Interest........more details on Aim & Scope).
All manuscripts are subject to rapid peer review. Those of high quality (not previously published and not under consideration for publication in another journal) will be published without delay.
Abstract—Diabetes Mellitus is a lifestyle disease it is increasing with increase of urbanization. It is a side effect of development. Nowadays with the development of community it is also on increase trend. So this study was conducted on 250 patients of diabetes attended at Diabetic Clinic of SMS Hospital Jaipur, with the aim to find out socio-demographic profile of these diabetes cases. General information about the these case was gathered in a pre-designed semi-structured performa. It was found in this study that majority of cases were in age group of 31 to 45 years with slight male dominance. Education wise majority were Graduate followed by secondary educated and others. Likewise occupation wise majority were either unemployed of professional. Majority of cases were from Socio economic Class II and III. So it can be concluded that diabetes is a disease of middle age slight male dominance and of educated middle class individuals. Further studies are required to establish this fact.
RunningHead: PICOT Question 1
RunningHead: PICOT Question 7
PICOT Question
Avery Bryan
NRS-433V
Professor Christine Vannelli
May 19, 2019
Clinical Problem
A report from the Center for Disease Control and Prevention in 2015 revealed that (9.4%) 30.3 million Americans are diabetic and 84.1 million have prediabetes. This is a total population of over 100 million is at risk of developing type 2 diabetes which is a growing health problem being the seventh leading cause of death in the U.S. An estimated 1.5 million new cases were among 18-year old bracket and the rates of diagnosed diabetes increased proportionally to age. Below 44 years accounted for 4%, below 64 years at 17 % and 25% for those above 65 years across both genders. One-third of adults in America has prediabetes but sadly, they are unaware despite reports released by The National Diabetes Statistics Report every year. These reports elaborate on prevalence and incidence, prediabetes, long-term complications, risk factors, mortality, and cost. Diabetes poses the risk of serious complications like death, blindness, stroke, kidney disorders, cardiac diseases and health problems that lead to amputation of legs. However, the risks can be mitigated through physical body activities, proper dieting and prescribed use of insulin and other related measures to control the blood sugar levels. Diabetes Prevention Program was funded by NIH to research a yearly evidence-based program to improve healthy weight loss through diet and physical activities. There also efforts to determine the effectiveness of public service campaigns in improving the real-life experience in the diagnosis and treatment of diabetes.
PICOT Question.
The population affected by diabetes cuts across all ages, gender, race, and ethnicity. The prevalence is significantly high from 18 years and it increases with age to about 25% above 65 years. In terms of gender, men are at higher risk accounting for 37% while women are at 30% across races and educational levels. On races, the rates were higher among Indians/Alaska natives at 15%, non-Hispanic blacks at 12.7% and Hispanics at 12%. Among Asians, the rates were lower at 8% and 7.4% for non-Hispanic whites.
Intervention indicator for diabetes shows that individuals who do not observe a healthy diet are more exposed to the disease. Some risk behaviors include lack of exercise and excessive intake of junk foods that lead to obesity and increased blood sugar levels. Diabetes prevalence varied according to education levels were those with less than high school education at 12.6% and 7.2% for those higher than high school education.
Comparison and use of a control group from the popularity of Complementary and Alternative Medicine and Traditional Chinese Medicine showed distinct knowledge of diabetes, blood sugar control, and self-care. The experimental group received education through interactive multimedia for three months while the control group received.
Health Seeking Behaviors following Diabetes Mellitus of Various Ethnic Groups...ijtsrd
The research on Health Seeking Behaviours following Diabetes Mellitus DM of various ethnic groups was conducted because different patients within a given ethnic group or cultural group have different options regarding actions to seek health care services. The purpose of this study was to determine the Health Seeking Behaviours HSB following DM patients from various ethnic groups and the roles of the Health Psychologists HP on the DM patients in Nkwen Health District of Bamenda III Subdivision within Mezam Division of the North West Region of Cameroon. A descriptive survey research design was conducted among 230 sampled DM patients from various ethnic groups in Nkwen Health District. A non probability purposive sampling technique was used to set the population under study. The data was collected using both Focus Groups Discussions FGDs and questionnaire for a period of two months during the period that the DM patients came to Nkwen Health District either to consult or to refill their drugs. The questionnaire were administered to 230 DM patients from the various ethnic groups which were Bali, Bafut, Banso, Bamendankwe, Babanki, Santa, Nkwen and Ndu during this period as well.. The data collected was analysed using both descriptive and inferential statistics with SPSS software tool version 20.0, following the objectives of the study. For HSB, 38.3 agreed that they sought health care from traditional medicine whereas 26.1 remained neutral on traditional medicine. On the other hand, 37.7 disagreed that they used traditional medicine. Cultural believes and distance deterred HSB which were statistically significant with P = 0.001 and P= 0.001 respectively. The options taken to seek health care from the hospital were influenced by family relatives with P=0.001. Therefore, HSB was found to be statistically significant for the first traditional medicine and second line hospital among the different ethnic groups with P = 0.001 and 0.001 respectively. These results showed that poor HSB following DM among the different ethnic groups was statistically significant in Nkwen Health District. Foncham Paul Babila "Health-Seeking Behaviors following Diabetes Mellitus of Various Ethnic Groups in Nkwen Health District of Bamenda III Subdivision, Mezam Division, North West Region of Cameroon" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-5 , August 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd51783.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/psychology/51783/healthseeking-behaviors-following-diabetes-mellitus-of-various-ethnic-groups-in-nkwen-health-district-of-bamenda-iii-subdivision-mezam-division-north-west-region-of-cameroon/foncham-paul-babila
THE PREVALENCE AND IMPACT OF DIABETIC RETINOPATHY AMONG TYPE 2 DIABETES POPUL...indexPub
Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence and visual impact of Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) among individuals with Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) in Hazara, Pakistan. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from May to August 2023. The sample consisted of 1332 patients who attended the Outpatient Department for eye examination, with 133 (10%) identified as diabetics. Parameters such as glycemic control, HbA1C levels, comorbidities, family history, medication, lifestyle factors, and ocular manifestations were analyzed. Results: The study indicated that 73.01% of diabetic patients had uncontrolled glycemic levels. The prevalence of refractive errors was high (84.12%), and the incidence of DR was significant, with 6.34% having proliferative DR. The findings also emphasized lifestyle factors, including screen usage and spectacle usage patterns. In addition, weight-height proportions and a family history of diabetes were associated with the incidence of DR. Conclusion: The high prevalence of uncontrolled diabetes and significant incidence of DR underscores the urgent need for improved diabetes management and regular screenings for early detection of DR. The results advocate for prioritizing regular health checkups, enhancing public health strategies, and improving accessibility to healthcare facilities, particularly in rural regions.
The Study to Assess the Prevalence of Diabetic Foot Syndrome and Associated R...ijtsrd
AIM the present study aims to assess the prevalence of diabetic foot syndrome and associated risk factors among people with diabetic mellitus at SMCH. METHODS AND MATERIALS A quantitative research design was used for the present study. A total 100 samples were collected using non probability purposive sampling technique. The demographic variable and prevalence of diabetic foot ulcer among diabetic patient was assessed using structured questioner and visual assessment, followed by that data was gathered and analyzed.RESULTS The results the study revealed that there is a significant association between level of prevalence with selected demographic at the level of p 0.01CONCLUSION Thus, the present despites that factors associated with level of prevalence with selected demographic. Mrs. M. Kavitha | Sherly Anand. S | Roshna P Sabu "The Study to Assess the Prevalence of Diabetic Foot Syndrome and Associated Risk Factors among People with Diabetic Mellitus" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-7 , December 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd52558.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/other/52558/the-study-to-assess-the-prevalence-of-diabetic-foot-syndrome-and-associated-risk-factors-among-people-with-diabetic-mellitus/mrs-m-kavitha
Diabetes is a significant cause of mortality and morbidity in different continents of the world. Many diabetes victims are found in developing countries like Sub-Saharan Africa. However, some developed nations like United States and Europe record significant records on diabetes prevalence. Studies project a dramatic increase of the infection spread in the world. Also, it provides visible results on the effects of the infection among the victims and the society at large. Studies of type 2 diabetes prevalence indicate minimal rates in rural population and moderate results in the developed regions of the same country. Such results create an alarm to the unaffected regions. The frequent observation of modestly high prevalence of impaired glucose tolerance in areas with low prevalence of diabetes indicate risk of early stage of diabetes epidemics.
Fears and Health Needs of Patients with Diabetes A Qualitative Re.docxmglenn3
Fears and Health Needs of Patients with Diabetes: A Qualitative Research in Rural Population
Maria Papaspurou,1 Vasiliki C. Laschou,2 Paraskevi Partsiopoulou,3 Evangelos C. Fradelos,4 Christos F. Kleisiaris,5 Malamati A. Kalota,6 Anna Neroliatsiou,7 and Ioanna V. Papathanasiou8
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Abstract
Introduction:
Insulin-dependent patients are individuals with chronic disease who are well adapted to living and dealing with any health needs and fears arising. An important aspect in the process of adaptation to chronic illness is the provision of nursing care in the early stages of the disease, because this contributes to its acceptance and the early identification and management of potential complications.
Purpose:
To investigate the health needs and self-management problems faced by patients with diabetes daily, especially those who use insulin. Furthermore, purpose of this study was to investigate the fears experienced by patients in the early stage of the disease, but also in its subsequent development and to study possible differences between sexes.
Methodology:
This is a qualitative study, using interpretative phenomenological approach. Fifteen (nine women and six men) insulin-dependent patients, recounted their personal fears and their needs, through semi-structured interviews, which took place in Central Greece. The method used for processing the results is the Mayering one.
Results:
The analysis of the narratives showed that patients have a variety of fears and needs associated with the diagnosis, treatment, expected consequences, prognosis and everyday life in the management of the disease. Most patients express the concept of need as desire. Care needs, psychological support and education to recognize and prevent hypoglycemia.
Conclusions:
Insulin-dependent patients express fears and needs in their daily lives. Nurses providing care aimed at enhancing the level of health, while putting self-care information and training them. Patients want the nurse next to them, so that information is continuous and permanent.
Keywords: diabetes mellitus, fears, health needs, self-care, nursing care
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1. INTRODUCTION
Patients with type II diabetes, especially insulin-dependent are usually suffering from diabetes several years before the initiation of insulin therapy. Treatment of diabetes has now as a central character, the patient himself who co-decides with the physician-nurse team. The primary concern is the patient’s acceptance of the disease in the early stages and his gradual familiarization with the treatment (1).
According to International Diabetes Federation, at least 285 million people worldwide have diabetes and this number is expected to increase to 438 million by 2030, with two-thirds of all cases living in low or middle income countries (2, 3).
Apart from pharmaceutical care, the nurse also pr.
An Examination of Effectuation Dimension as Financing Practice of Small and M...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Does Goods and Services Tax (GST) Leads to Indian Economic Development?iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Childhood Factors that influence success in later lifeiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Emotional Intelligence and Work Performance Relationship: A Study on Sales Pe...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Customer’s Acceptance of Internet Banking in Dubaiiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
A Study of Employee Satisfaction relating to Job Security & Working Hours amo...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Consumer Perspectives on Brand Preference: A Choice Based Model Approachiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Student`S Approach towards Social Network Sitesiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Broadcast Management in Nigeria: The systems approach as an imperativeiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
A Study on Retailer’s Perception on Soya Products with Special Reference to T...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
A Study Factors Influence on Organisation Citizenship Behaviour in Corporate ...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Consumers’ Behaviour on Sony Xperia: A Case Study on Bangladeshiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Design of a Balanced Scorecard on Nonprofit Organizations (Study on Yayasan P...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Public Sector Reforms and Outsourcing Services in Nigeria: An Empirical Evalu...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Media Innovations and its Impact on Brand awareness & Considerationiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Customer experience in supermarkets and hypermarkets – A comparative studyiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Social Media and Small Businesses: A Combinational Strategic Approach under t...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Secretarial Performance and the Gender Question (A Study of Selected Tertiary...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Implementation of Quality Management principles at Zimbabwe Open University (...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Organizational Conflicts Management In Selected Organizaions In Lagos State, ...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
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Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
Acute scrotum is a general term referring to an emergency condition affecting the contents or the wall of the scrotum.
There are a number of conditions that present acutely, predominantly with pain and/or swelling
A careful and detailed history and examination, and in some cases, investigations allow differentiation between these diagnoses. A prompt diagnosis is essential as the patient may require urgent surgical intervention
Testicular torsion refers to twisting of the spermatic cord, causing ischaemia of the testicle.
Testicular torsion results from inadequate fixation of the testis to the tunica vaginalis producing ischemia from reduced arterial inflow and venous outflow obstruction.
The prevalence of testicular torsion in adult patients hospitalized with acute scrotal pain is approximately 25 to 50 percent
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
A study on awareness of diabetic complications among type 2 diabetes patients
1. IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences (IOSR-JDMS)
e-ISSN: 2279-0853, p-ISSN: 2279-0861.Volume 14, Issue 11 Ver. III (Nov. 2015), PP 13-16
www.iosrjournals.org
DOI: 10.9790/0853-141131316 www.iosrjournals.org 13 | Page
A study on awareness of diabetic complications among type 2
diabetes patients
SharolAshma Menezes1
, Mohsin Mohammed Bava2
, RoshanM3
Abstract: A structured questionnaire was used to assess the knowledge of diabetic complications and its
prevention among type 2 diabetes patients. Among 100 individuals included in the study, 68% were females.
Individuals with educational qualification below primary school certificate (66%), monthly income less than
Rs.5000/- (35%) and housewives (15%) were least aware of the complications of diabetes. Only 66% of the
study group were aware about diabetic nephropathy and only 59% were aware of diabetic retinopathy.
Majority of the study population (49%) considered heart disease as the most serious complication of
diabetes.Only seventy eight patients (78%) acquired the information of diabetic complications from the
physicians of the tertiary care centre.
I. Introduction
Diabetes mellitus is a global epidemic and a leading cause for increasing mortality and morbidity. More
than 170 million people worldwide have diabetes, and this figure is projected to double by the year 2030, if the
current trend continues.(1)
India is the diabetes capital of the world, with 41 million Indians having diabetes,
every fifth diabetic in the world is an Indian.(2)
Diabetes Mellitus is the leading cause/risk factor for various cardiovascular and renal diseases. It is the
leading cause for hospital admissions in medical wards in most of the tertiary hospitals.
The quality of life of patients with diabetes can be improved if complications of the disease are
detected early. Thus, training of the individual is an integral part for self-management of diabetes. Optimum
management of the problem requires an individual to be aware of the nature and consequence of the disease, its
risk factors, treatment and its complications. Hence, an attempt has been made to study the knowledge of
complications of diabetes in patients with diabetes attending tertiary care centre.
II. Materials And Methods
Source of data:
The data was included from patients with type 2 diabetes attending outpatient and inpatient services in
Father Muller Medical College Hospital, Mangalore.
Method:
A structured questionnaire was used to assess the knowledge of diabetic complications and its
prevention among type 2 diabetes patients. The entire questionnaire is available in english version but
interviewed carefully with the proper translation of the language of the patients. Results were then analyzed and
correlated. All patients were provided with a handout about diabetic complications and its prevention after they
complete the questionnaire.
Inclusion criteria:
Type 2 diabetes patients of all age groups.
Exclusion criteria:
Associated comorbidities like hypertension, infection, malignancy etc.
Study design:
This study is a cross sectional study on type 2 diabetes inpatients and outpatients in Father Muller Medical
College Hospital. The study included a total of 100 subjects.
Data analysis:
Data was tabulated and analysed by frequency, mean, percentage and standard deviation.
Results:
A total of 100 patients attending both OP and IP basis to Father Muller medical college hospital having
type 2 diabetes were analysed as mentioned below.
2. A study on awareness of diabetic complications among type 2 diabetes patients
DOI: 10.9790/0853-141131316 www.iosrjournals.org 14 | Page
Age distribution:
Table 1: Age DistributionFigure 1: Age Distribution
Mean (±SD) age of the patients was 45.29 (±10.89) years. Most knowledgeable group was 31-40 years.
Sex Distribution of cases
Females were more knowledgeable regarding complications of diabetes than males.
Figure 2: Sex Distribution of cases
A total of 66(66%) participants had attained education below Secondary School Certificate (BSC),
20(20%) had SSC and Higher Secondary School Certificate (HSC) and 14(14%) above HSC level. Subjects
with above HSC level had more knowledge as compared to subjects with BSC.
Professionally, 62(62%) were housewives, 15(15%) service holder, 7(7%) business and 16(16%)
others.Individual monthly incomes of < 5000.00 Rs /- were 35(35%), 5000.00-10000.00 were 45(45%) and >
10000 were 20(20%)
Subjects with service holder as their profession had maximum knowledge as compared to housewives
being the least.
Although in this study all the patients were aware that diabetes can lead to complications but only
seventy eight patients (78%) came to know the information of diabetic complications from the physicians of the
tertiary care centre, rest from different sources like other patients 6(6%), 4(4%) from the near relations and
others 8(8%) via television, radio, posters, books & rallies. However, four patients (4%) couldn’t remember the
information of diabetic complications.
0
10
20
30
40
50
21-30 31-40 41-50 51-60 >60
32%
68%
male female
AGE
(in years)
NUMBER %
21-30 5 5
31-40 28 28%
41-50 42 42%
51-60 20 20%
>60 5 5%
3. A study on awareness of diabetic complications among type 2 diabetes patients
DOI: 10.9790/0853-141131316 www.iosrjournals.org 15 | Page
Frequency distribution of the most serious complication of diabetes mellitus as patients came to know
from different sources
Figure 3: Frequency distribution of the most serious complication of diabetes mellitus as patients came to
know from different sources
Majority of the study population considered heart disease as the most serious complication of diabetes.
Relationship of the individual residence with the degree of apprehension for diabetic complication.
Area of residence Level of apprehension for diabetic
complications
Total
YES NO
Rural 16 6 22
Urban 50 28 78
Total 66 34 100
Table 2: Relationship of the individual residence with the degree of apprehension for diabetic
complication.
Here urban population were more apprehensive about the condition (diabetes). There was 89% correct
response for neuropathic complications from both the genders.
Sixty six percent patients were aware about diabetic nephropathy caused by uncontrolled blood glucose
levels. Only 59% were aware of diabetic retinopathy. In addition to that, 83 % patients were aware that
smoking and alcohol consumption worsens diabetes.
Knowledge of measures that can be taken for preventing complications in diabetes
Preventive measures Number of patients identifying the preventive measures (%) (N =
100)
Regular blood sugar testing 87
Regular inspection of feet 42
Losing excess weight 31
Table 3: Knowledge of measures that can be taken for preventing complications in diabetes
49
5
15
13
1 1 1 5 7 3
4. A study on awareness of diabetic complications among type 2 diabetes patients
DOI: 10.9790/0853-141131316 www.iosrjournals.org 16 | Page
III. Discussion
In this study, it was found that frequency distribution of the most important complication of diabetes
mellitus as patients came to know from different sources, were
heart disease (49 %), cerebrovascular disease (15%), renal disease (13%), hypertension (5%), eye diseases and
others by (4%).There was some similarity of this study with another study where 53.5% patients reported that
cardiovascular disease was a potential
complication of diabetes mellitus.(3)
In a study in Pakistan, it has been shown that urban
people are knowledgeable than the people residing in the rural area and they suggested the urgent need of
diabetic education in the rural area.(4)
Of the African rural patient population, 52.2% had lower awareness of
blood glucose compared to 47.5% of the African urban population.(5)
In this study, there was significant difference in apprehension of diabetic complications between rural
and urban population probably because diabetes targeted education was lacking in the rural groups.
In a study conducted in Chandigarh, it was shown that knowledge concerning the prevention of
diabetes complications was partial amongst diabetics, with only 63.3% of the diabetics taking care of their feet
through regular washing.(7)
This indicates that diabetics are paying less attention on the complications with
DM.
IV. Conclusion
This study reflects that there is a need to improve diabetic knowledge among the patients which can be
achieved through community health centres.
This study emphasizes to bring awareness regarding complications of diabetes among people of lower
socioeconomic group living in rural areas, uneducated individuals and housewives.
The study also emphasizes that health programs in mass campaigns should target the less aware yet
potentially harmful complications of diabetes such as renal failure, neuropathy and retinopathy. Regular
screening and assessment of complications of diabetes needs to be inculcated in all patients with diabetes in
order to delay their onset.
It will be beneficial if diabetic clinic and information center for teaching diabetic patients is
established. Also nurses, doctors, dietitians and other health team members should join hands to help
these diabetic patients live healthy by providing them with the right information at every available
opportunity.
References
[1]. Wild S, Roglic G, Green A, Sicree R, King H. Global prevalence of diabetes: estimates for the year 2000 and projections for 2030.
Diabetes Care 2004;27:1047–53
[2]. Joshi SR, Parikh RM. India- Diabetes Capital of the World: Now Heading Towards Hypertension. J Assoc Physicians India
2007;55:323-4
[3]. O’Sullivan EP, Bhargava A, O’Callaghan M, Buckley U, De Faoite T, Moynihan K, et al. Awareness of diabetes complications in
an Irish population. Ir J Med Sci2009;178(4):401-6
[4]. Sabri AA, Qayyaum MA, Saigol NU, et al. Comparing knowledge of diabetes mellitus among rural and urban diabetics. Megill J
Med 2007;10(2):87-89.
[5]. Anand AC, Ranji C, Narula AS, Singh W. Histopathological changes of liver in malaria: a heterogenous syndrome? Natl Med J
India 1992;5:59–62.
[6]. C Muninarayana, G Balachandra, S G Hiremath, Krishna Iyengar, N S Anil. Prevalence and awareness regarding diabetes
mellitus in ruralTamaka, Kolar. Int J Diab Dev Ctries 2010;30:18-21
[7]. Kaur K, Singh MM, Kumar, Walia I. Knowledge and selfcare practices of diabetics in a resettlement colony of Chandigarh. Indian J
Med Sci 1998;52:341–7.