Structural analysis and design of concrete structures is a challenging task – both because of
the natural complexity of the subject and because of the regulation an engineer has to
comply with to get the project done. The construction process has never been as fast as it is
today, and the pressure on cost-effectiveness of structures is growing with zero tolerance of
structural defects. In such an environment, engineers are pushed to work quicker, more
accurate and more reliably than ever before. And they need a different set of tools for that.
The development trend of IDEA StatiCa is to provide engineers with a generic, complete,
and easy-to-use solution for designing and dimensioning structural elements, cross-sections
and details in accordance with applicable standards. We believe that IDEA StatiCa Detail
provides a solution on the level of advanced non-linear programs, but at the same time it
will be commonly used for day-to-day practical design.
IDEA StatiCa introduces a novel way to design and check all steel connections and joints. With it, engineers can
break the limits of standard connection design tools to save time and optimize the material usage. Clear pass/fail
checks according to the code are available in minutes, as well as complete output reports.
IDEA StatiCa steelconnections v7 June 2016Jo Gijbels
IDEA StatiCa introduces a novel way to design and check structural connections and joints. Engineers can deal
with challenges of residential, industrial, off-shore and other steel structures. Clear pass/fail checks according to
EC/AISC are available in minutes, as well as complete output reports.
IDEA StatiCa Connection can design all types of welded or bolted connections, base plates, footing and anchoring.
It provides precise checks, results of strength, stiffness and buckling analysis of a steel joint. Bolts, welds
and concrete blocks are checked according to EC/AISC. Templates for most-used connections are available as well
as wide range of predefined hot rolled and sheet welded members.
We begin with evaluation of the Glass Build as an Engineering Process of Synthesis in Architectural Design in ARK Mode. Although Pro-Forma and Pre-Production we examine the Economic Change as we position the product in the market. The Major Shift in tooling design and fabrication methods contributes to a NEW ECONOMY
In recent years, key developments have taken place in computer- aided design, casting design, simulation, rapid tooling, intelligent advisory systems and Internet based engineering and most foundries are presently caught between change and survival. This is especially true in case of the foundries operating in the developing countries
The Theory of Remote takes on more dimensional Ark-Glass consideration starting with processes we are more familiar with. The Sandbox approach in Phase I will lead into the full Glass Process in Phase II and then to the Land and Community Development in Phase III. Here we develop the Home Media and Build Case Process as well as financial ramifications. The full Glass Partnership emerges and is discussed in Phase III
IDEA StatiCa introduces a novel way to design and check all steel connections and joints. With it, engineers can
break the limits of standard connection design tools to save time and optimize the material usage. Clear pass/fail
checks according to the code are available in minutes, as well as complete output reports.
IDEA StatiCa steelconnections v7 June 2016Jo Gijbels
IDEA StatiCa introduces a novel way to design and check structural connections and joints. Engineers can deal
with challenges of residential, industrial, off-shore and other steel structures. Clear pass/fail checks according to
EC/AISC are available in minutes, as well as complete output reports.
IDEA StatiCa Connection can design all types of welded or bolted connections, base plates, footing and anchoring.
It provides precise checks, results of strength, stiffness and buckling analysis of a steel joint. Bolts, welds
and concrete blocks are checked according to EC/AISC. Templates for most-used connections are available as well
as wide range of predefined hot rolled and sheet welded members.
We begin with evaluation of the Glass Build as an Engineering Process of Synthesis in Architectural Design in ARK Mode. Although Pro-Forma and Pre-Production we examine the Economic Change as we position the product in the market. The Major Shift in tooling design and fabrication methods contributes to a NEW ECONOMY
In recent years, key developments have taken place in computer- aided design, casting design, simulation, rapid tooling, intelligent advisory systems and Internet based engineering and most foundries are presently caught between change and survival. This is especially true in case of the foundries operating in the developing countries
The Theory of Remote takes on more dimensional Ark-Glass consideration starting with processes we are more familiar with. The Sandbox approach in Phase I will lead into the full Glass Process in Phase II and then to the Land and Community Development in Phase III. Here we develop the Home Media and Build Case Process as well as financial ramifications. The full Glass Partnership emerges and is discussed in Phase III
We begin with evaluation of the Glass Build as an Engineering Process of Synthesis in Architectural Design in ARK Mode. Although Pro-Forma and Pre-Production we examine the Economic Change as we position the product in the market. The Major Shift in tooling design and fabrication methods contributes to a NEW ECONOMY; In V2 we study how the Matrix Expands to provide for new tooling that accomplishes feats of design and fabrication synthesis In V3 we see the economy vastly expands as the tooling requirement is satisfied and the building design and treatments increase equity builds
We begin with evaluation of the Glass Build as an Engineering Process of Synthesis in Architectural Design in ARK Mode. Now we examine the Economic Change as we position the product in the market by determining what engineering requirements are first and develop a Theoretical Production to develop pricing and costing of the project. We begin to study the constraints of Remote Building with Media Modeling
The Theory of Remote takes on more dimensional Ark-Glass consideration starting with processes we are more familiar with. The Sandbox approach in Phase I will lead into the full Glass Process in Phase II and then to the Land and Community Development in Phase III. Here we develop the Home Media and Build Case Process as well as financial ramifications. The full Glass Partnership emerges and is discussed in Phase III
ESI is a world leader in the field of virtual prototypes. Based out of France, ESI now has its presence in major regions of the world. In India, they have a tie-up with DesignTech Systems to market their software solutions.
ESI has developed a set of applications for the foundry industry to improve casting yield and quality:
ProCAST
QuikCAST
SYSWELD
The Glass Build, Mechanics and Assembly V3 Building of PropertiesBrij Consulting, LLC
The Relationship of the 3D Glass Model to the Build is explored and the Cost of Assembly is added to the Matrix. In V2 we look into the financial aspects of the two businesses and compare them back to established metric arrangements. and developed standards. In V3 we will examine properties and modules in how they are developed.
Reintroduction to Glass in Basic Theories... The functional use of Glass in Digital and Ark Design, Energy Cascade and Underlying Theory of Glass Forms, Interpolation Chain and Fitness for Purpose Tests
Imposition of Value Engineering in Plait Glass Composition V3 Packaging and D...Brij Consulting, LLC
Arriving at Stream and Digital Write Capability there are two justification processes, one for material and the other for the finished product, both are written to the glass bin as a complex record and as attributes of an object. In V2 we are loading the instances and configuring for encryption. We learn many valued lessons about glass composition. In V3 we will make a product and see how packaging and conveyance are worked into the glass product. The glass material takes on the nature of the attributes which are assigned to it. Here, Value engineering helps to determine how much basis to add to the product cost. Also, how to utilize the Stream Approach to Prosper Instance Planning to Derive a Product in a Digital Portal Pipe with a competent engineering methodology. We are using an emulation of six layer glass to do this.
Effect of modulus of masonry on initial lateral stiffness of infilled frames ...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
OPTIMUM DESIGN OF SEMI-GRAVITY RETAINING WALL SUBJECTED TO STATIC AND SEISMIC...IAEME Publication
A 2D (Plain strain) wall‒backfill‒foundation interaction is modeled using finite element
method by ANSYS to find the optimum design based on the principle of soil-structure
interactions analyses. A semi-gravity retaining wall subjected to static and seismic loads has
been considered in this research. Seismic records which are obtained from the records of Iraq
for the period 1900-1988. The optimization process is simulated by ANSYS /APDL language
programming depending on the available optimization commands. The objective function of
optimization process OBJ is to minimize the cross-sectional area of the retaining wall. The
results showed that the optimum design method via ANSYS is a successful strategy prompts to
optimum values of cross‒sectional area with both safety and stability factors as compared with
other optimum design methods. Also, the results showed that the area of optimum section by
ANSYS method is lesser than the section area of the GAs algorithm , PSO, and CSS methods by
percentages are equal to 15.04%, 23.92%, and 25.33%; respectively, when
3.Additionally, from studying the effect of some parameters such as Compressive Strength of
Concrete (´
) and Yielding Strength of Steel ( on cross-sectional area and reinforced
area, is provided that the (´) and have small effect or do not effect on the value of crosssectional
area () and this is due to the lack of weight ratio of steel reinforcement to concrete
weight. Moreover, the yielding strength of steel has larger effect than compressive strength of
concrete in the reinforcement area.
Effects of longer span floor system in the constancy of the multistoried stru...eSAT Journals
Abstract The main objective of this study is to investigate the structural integrity, stability and their comparison due to the effects of longer span floor systems considering some constancy in the multi-storied commercial and residential mixed-used structures. In recent times, mixed-use developments and buildings have created an up surging demand in perspective of relatively small area of lands like Bangladesh. But, the commercial developments consisting of underground basement required maximize serviceable column free open-floor spaces for more flexibility, marketability and uninterrupted executive car parking of the end-users. Now, the column free open-plan floor spaces, usually ranges from 18~27 ft, even up to 45 ft. or more [5], offers a bulky change in span length of the slab that results the longer span structure. Again, the longer span structure is directly related with the beam length which promptly affects the thickness of the slab as well as the sizes of beams, columns and the foundations. In this study, two different span lengths of the mixed-use structural Models are considered based on the economical range [18ft-30ft] of the RC floor systems. Then, both of the structural Models are compared based on the following parameters: design aspects, reduction in the number of components, sizes & thickness, weight of steel and volume of concrete. It is found that, longer span structure keeps highest effects on the RC columns and increase in size by 104.3%. This study will also be helpful for a designer to select an appropriate size of the structural components within the economical ranges of these types of particular RC structures in future Keywords: Regular Span Structure, Longer Span Structure, Flat Plate Slab, Flat Slab, Edge Supported Slab Andmat Foundation.
Performance of Flat Slab Structure Using Pushover AnalysisIOSR Journals
Performance Based Seismic Engineering is the modern approach to earthquake resistant design. It
is a limit-state based design approach extended to cover complex range of issues faced by structural engineers.
Flat slabs are becoming popular and gaining importance as they are economical as compared to beam-column
connections in conventional slab. Many existing flat slabs may not have been designed for seismic forces so it is
important to study their response under seismic conditions and to evaluate seismic retrofit schemes. In this
paper we have discussed the results obtained by performing push over analysis on flat slabs by using most
common software SAP2000. A (G+7) frame having 5 bays is considered for analysis. It is observed that the
performance point of flat slab is more as compared to conventional building.
We begin with evaluation of the Glass Build as an Engineering Process of Synthesis in Architectural Design in ARK Mode. Although Pro-Forma and Pre-Production we examine the Economic Change as we position the product in the market. The Major Shift in tooling design and fabrication methods contributes to a NEW ECONOMY; In V2 we study how the Matrix Expands to provide for new tooling that accomplishes feats of design and fabrication synthesis In V3 we see the economy vastly expands as the tooling requirement is satisfied and the building design and treatments increase equity builds
We begin with evaluation of the Glass Build as an Engineering Process of Synthesis in Architectural Design in ARK Mode. Now we examine the Economic Change as we position the product in the market by determining what engineering requirements are first and develop a Theoretical Production to develop pricing and costing of the project. We begin to study the constraints of Remote Building with Media Modeling
The Theory of Remote takes on more dimensional Ark-Glass consideration starting with processes we are more familiar with. The Sandbox approach in Phase I will lead into the full Glass Process in Phase II and then to the Land and Community Development in Phase III. Here we develop the Home Media and Build Case Process as well as financial ramifications. The full Glass Partnership emerges and is discussed in Phase III
ESI is a world leader in the field of virtual prototypes. Based out of France, ESI now has its presence in major regions of the world. In India, they have a tie-up with DesignTech Systems to market their software solutions.
ESI has developed a set of applications for the foundry industry to improve casting yield and quality:
ProCAST
QuikCAST
SYSWELD
The Glass Build, Mechanics and Assembly V3 Building of PropertiesBrij Consulting, LLC
The Relationship of the 3D Glass Model to the Build is explored and the Cost of Assembly is added to the Matrix. In V2 we look into the financial aspects of the two businesses and compare them back to established metric arrangements. and developed standards. In V3 we will examine properties and modules in how they are developed.
Reintroduction to Glass in Basic Theories... The functional use of Glass in Digital and Ark Design, Energy Cascade and Underlying Theory of Glass Forms, Interpolation Chain and Fitness for Purpose Tests
Imposition of Value Engineering in Plait Glass Composition V3 Packaging and D...Brij Consulting, LLC
Arriving at Stream and Digital Write Capability there are two justification processes, one for material and the other for the finished product, both are written to the glass bin as a complex record and as attributes of an object. In V2 we are loading the instances and configuring for encryption. We learn many valued lessons about glass composition. In V3 we will make a product and see how packaging and conveyance are worked into the glass product. The glass material takes on the nature of the attributes which are assigned to it. Here, Value engineering helps to determine how much basis to add to the product cost. Also, how to utilize the Stream Approach to Prosper Instance Planning to Derive a Product in a Digital Portal Pipe with a competent engineering methodology. We are using an emulation of six layer glass to do this.
Effect of modulus of masonry on initial lateral stiffness of infilled frames ...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
OPTIMUM DESIGN OF SEMI-GRAVITY RETAINING WALL SUBJECTED TO STATIC AND SEISMIC...IAEME Publication
A 2D (Plain strain) wall‒backfill‒foundation interaction is modeled using finite element
method by ANSYS to find the optimum design based on the principle of soil-structure
interactions analyses. A semi-gravity retaining wall subjected to static and seismic loads has
been considered in this research. Seismic records which are obtained from the records of Iraq
for the period 1900-1988. The optimization process is simulated by ANSYS /APDL language
programming depending on the available optimization commands. The objective function of
optimization process OBJ is to minimize the cross-sectional area of the retaining wall. The
results showed that the optimum design method via ANSYS is a successful strategy prompts to
optimum values of cross‒sectional area with both safety and stability factors as compared with
other optimum design methods. Also, the results showed that the area of optimum section by
ANSYS method is lesser than the section area of the GAs algorithm , PSO, and CSS methods by
percentages are equal to 15.04%, 23.92%, and 25.33%; respectively, when
3.Additionally, from studying the effect of some parameters such as Compressive Strength of
Concrete (´
) and Yielding Strength of Steel ( on cross-sectional area and reinforced
area, is provided that the (´) and have small effect or do not effect on the value of crosssectional
area () and this is due to the lack of weight ratio of steel reinforcement to concrete
weight. Moreover, the yielding strength of steel has larger effect than compressive strength of
concrete in the reinforcement area.
Effects of longer span floor system in the constancy of the multistoried stru...eSAT Journals
Abstract The main objective of this study is to investigate the structural integrity, stability and their comparison due to the effects of longer span floor systems considering some constancy in the multi-storied commercial and residential mixed-used structures. In recent times, mixed-use developments and buildings have created an up surging demand in perspective of relatively small area of lands like Bangladesh. But, the commercial developments consisting of underground basement required maximize serviceable column free open-floor spaces for more flexibility, marketability and uninterrupted executive car parking of the end-users. Now, the column free open-plan floor spaces, usually ranges from 18~27 ft, even up to 45 ft. or more [5], offers a bulky change in span length of the slab that results the longer span structure. Again, the longer span structure is directly related with the beam length which promptly affects the thickness of the slab as well as the sizes of beams, columns and the foundations. In this study, two different span lengths of the mixed-use structural Models are considered based on the economical range [18ft-30ft] of the RC floor systems. Then, both of the structural Models are compared based on the following parameters: design aspects, reduction in the number of components, sizes & thickness, weight of steel and volume of concrete. It is found that, longer span structure keeps highest effects on the RC columns and increase in size by 104.3%. This study will also be helpful for a designer to select an appropriate size of the structural components within the economical ranges of these types of particular RC structures in future Keywords: Regular Span Structure, Longer Span Structure, Flat Plate Slab, Flat Slab, Edge Supported Slab Andmat Foundation.
Performance of Flat Slab Structure Using Pushover AnalysisIOSR Journals
Performance Based Seismic Engineering is the modern approach to earthquake resistant design. It
is a limit-state based design approach extended to cover complex range of issues faced by structural engineers.
Flat slabs are becoming popular and gaining importance as they are economical as compared to beam-column
connections in conventional slab. Many existing flat slabs may not have been designed for seismic forces so it is
important to study their response under seismic conditions and to evaluate seismic retrofit schemes. In this
paper we have discussed the results obtained by performing push over analysis on flat slabs by using most
common software SAP2000. A (G+7) frame having 5 bays is considered for analysis. It is observed that the
performance point of flat slab is more as compared to conventional building.
Extension of Direct Strength Method for Slender Cold Formed Steel Column Sect...IJERA Editor
Revolutionary development has taken place in the design methodology of thin walled structures since the introduction of direct strength method (DSM) (Dr. B Schafer 2004). DSM gives direct approach for analyzing and designing the cold formed steel sections. The effort has also been put to extend DSM for the cold formed steel sections with perforations by Dr. C D Moen(2008). Though this method gives fairly accurate results for columns with medium height, but the method is not suitable for very short and slender columns. In this paper effort has been put to suggest modification in DSM formulae for slender columns. Particular column section was modelled with finite element method with different height and thickness combinations. The same section was then analyzed by DSM in CUFSM 4.06 software. Sufficient database was created through this, and the variation in the results with DSM was incorporated in modified formula in terms of thickness and length.
1st block_BIM+NEWS in IDEA StatiCa Steel v22.0Jo Gijbels
BE SAFE, SAVE TIME, OPTIMIZE
IDEA StatiCa is software for steel connection design for all types of welded and bolted structural steel connections and base plates. It fastens your connection design process by:
The intuitive design of simple, moderate, and complex steel connections
Pass/fail results for 2D/3D, CHS/HSS steel connection as per AISC, EN etc.
250 ready-made templates, 10,000+ connection configurations
Ability to apply any loading for axial, shear and moment connections
The complete report including stiffness, seismicity, and buckling
General introduction of IDEA StatiCa Concrete 2022Jo Gijbels
DESIGN OF WALLS, BEAMS, AND CROSS-SECTIONS
IDEA StatiCa Concrete is a design software solution for all types of reinforced concrete cross-sections, beams, walls, diaphragms, frame joints, hangings, and brackets. It also provides code-checks of prestressed concrete members.
Design of simple as well as complex concrete details and cross-sections
Clear pass/fail results for any geometry, based on global building codes
Dozens of ready-made templates, import from DXF
Complete ULS/SLS checks, including cracks
IDEA STATICA FOR CONCRETE
Watch how IDEA StatiCa makes the concrete design visual. No matter the complexity of reinforcement or loading, you can design and code-check whatever your project requires. And get a comprehensive report which will prove it to everybody else. Need to deal with prestressing too? It has never been easier.
IDEA StatiCa Steel Connections v. 8.2 November 2017Jo Gijbels
Steel connection design Reinvented!
The first software in the world which can design and check all steel connections and joints. Clear pass/fail checks according to the code for welded and bolted connections, footing, and anchoring.
We are pleased to announce that a new version of IDEA StatiCa 8.2 has just been released!
The version 8.2 is full of new features. The anchoring has been extended for fully general cases, quick insertion of backing plates and lids, the new output report and much more. The brand new IDEA StatiCa Detail was released.
We are pleased to announce that a new version of IDEA StatiCa 8.2 has just been released!
The version 8.2 is full of new features. The anchoring has been extended for fully general cases, quick insertion of backing plates and lids, the new output report and much more. The brand new IDEA StatiCa Detail was released.
IDEA StatiCa introduces a novel way to design and check all steel connections and joints. With it, engineers can
break the limits of standard connection design tools to save time and optimize the material usage. Clear pass/fail
checks according to the code are available in minutes, as well as complete output reports.
IDEA StatiCa introduces a novel way to design and check concrete details and walls. With it, engineers can break
the limits of standard design tools to save time and optimize the material usage. Clear pass/fail checks according
to the code are available in minutes, as well as complete output reports.
IDEA StatiCa introduces a novel way to design and check concrete details and walls. With it, engineers can break
the limits of standard design tools to save time and optimize the material usage. Clear pass/fail checks according
to the code are available in minutes, as well as complete output reports.
RFEM België is de Belgische verdeler van het succesvolle rekenprogramma RFEM van Dlubal. In en buiten België bevinden zich inmiddels meer dan 6.000 berdrijven en 25.000 gebruikers van Dlubal software. Met RFEM kan men op een zeer eenvoudige en praktische wijze civiele, mechanische, bijzondere en bouwkundige constructies uitrekenen in verschillende materialen zoals staal, beton, hout, aluminium en glas. Met name de stabiliteit van het programma, de praktische uitwerking en de zeer gebruikersvriendelijke en compacte uitvoer in combinatie met de lage onderhoudskosten helpt veel ingenieursbureau's, aannemers en overheden helpen efficiënter, goedkoper en effectiever berekeningen uit te voeren. RFEM is beschikbaar in verschillende normen en talen waaronder de Belgische NBN-EN bijlagen en de Nederlands en Franse taal.
Thesis Dlubal RFEM EC3 Fire UHasselt 2017Jo Gijbels
Presentatie van studenten Industrieel Ingenieur Bouwkunde aan de KU Leuven / UHasselt over Dlubal RFEM met als doel te vergelijken met de Eurocode 1993 voor brand.
Eindwerk IDEA Steel Connection KU Leuven 2017Jo Gijbels
Presentatie van studenten Industrieel Ingenieur Bouwkunde aan de KU Leuven over IDEA Steel Connections met als doel te vergelijken met de Eurocode 1993-1-8
Onlangs behaalden we het IFC 2x3 certficatie voor onze RFEM en RSTAB rekensoftware. Een belangrijke bevestiging dat we in de goed richting gaan met ons BIM-verhaal
Bekijk hier klanten projecten gemaakt met RFEM en RSTAB rekensoftware van Dlubal. Zowel beton, staal, hout en nog veel andere materialen worden gebruikt in de voorbeelden.
Idea connection presentation_2016_november introJo Gijbels
Wat leert u tijdens dit IDEA Steel Connect 7 release show?
Wij gaan dieper in op de nieuwe mogelijkheden van release 7.0 en 7.1 vab IDEA Steel Connection rekensoftware voor het ontwerpen en controleren van staalverbindingen volgens de Eurocode 3.
De unieke CBFEM methode van IDEA Connection stelt de gebruiker in staat om willekeurige verbindingen - van zeer eenvoudig tot uitertst complex - te controleren volgens de Eurocode 3 en de Amerikaanse norm. Idea Connection kan worden gebruikt als een op zich zelf staand programma of gelinkt aan uw bestaande reken- en tekensoftware.
Graag nodigen wij u persoonlijk uit om verder kennis te maken met IDEA Connection versie 7.1. in Genk (wo. 23 november 9u-12u) of in Kortrijk (wo. 23 november 16u-19u).
IDEA StatiCa Seel Connections - seminar Genk/Kortrijk nov 2016Jo Gijbels
Wat leert u tijdens dit IDEA Steel Connect 7 release show?
Wij gaan dieper in op de nieuwe mogelijkheden van release 7.0 en 7.1 vab IDEA Steel Connection rekensoftware voor het ontwerpen en controleren van staalverbindingen volgens de Eurocode 3.
De unieke CBFEM methode van IDEA Connection stelt de gebruiker in staat om willekeurige verbindingen - van zeer eenvoudig tot uitertst complex - te controleren volgens de Eurocode 3 en de Amerikaanse norm. Idea Connection kan worden gebruikt als een op zich zelf staand programma of gelinkt aan uw bestaande reken- en tekensoftware.
Graag nodigen wij u persoonlijk uit om verder kennis te maken met IDEA Connection versie 7.1. in Genk (wo. 23 november 9u-12u) of in Kortrijk (wo. 23 november 16u-19u).
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdf
Checks for walls and details of concrete structures
1. ISBN 978-80-906759-0-2 24. Czech Concrete Days (2017)
1
A SOLUTION FOR WALLS AND DETAILS OF CONCRETE
STRUCTURES
Jaroslav Navrátil Petr Ševčík Libor Michalčík Petr Foltyn Jaromír Kabeláč
Abstract
Every concrete structure has several parts with some form of discontinuity - bracket,
opening, anchorage, etc. In spite of discontinuity regions being present in every concrete
structure, no single solution exists so far for complete design of concrete details, walls and
diaphragms. Single-purpose, specialized programs or Excel design sheets based on Strut-
and-Tie Method are currently used for the design of discontinuity regions. Conversely
scientifically oriented programs might exceptionally be used with no link-up with national
standards and regulations, and without design and optimization of reinforcement. This
practice leads to oversimplifications or on the contrary to the attempt to simulate reality. A
new method and a software tool allow engineers to design appropriate concrete dimensions
as well as location and amount of reinforcement in an efficient way, providing safe and
economical designs based on valid standards. It is based on a computer-aided
implementation of stress field models. Simplified assumptions similar to the ones used in
hand calculations are used, improved to allow ductility and SLS verifications, and based on
clear material properties. Stress fields can be seen as a generalized Strut-and-Tie Method in
which real members with stresses instead of force resultants are considered. The
verification has been done against code independent cases as well as against existing codes
with material laws as defined in the codes.
Key words: Concrete, Wall, Detail, Discontinuity, Reinforcement
1 Introduction
Design and assessment of concrete elements are normally performed at sectional (1D-
elements) or point (2D-elements) levels. This procedure is described in all standards for
structural design, and it is used in everyday practice of a structural engineer. However, it is
not always known or respected that it is acceptable only in areas where the Bernoulli -
Navier hypothesis of plane strain distribution applies (referred to as B-regions). Places,
where this hypothesis does not apply, are called discontinuity or disturbed regions (D-
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Regions). Examples of B and D regions of 1D-elements are given in Fig. 1. These are e.g.
bearing areas, parts where concentrated loads are applied, locations of an abrupt change in
the cross-section, openings, etc.
Fig. 1 A structure containing B and D regions
Fig. 2 D-Regions in the transition of the
column support system to the wall
D-Regions also occur on wall elements of cast-in-place and prefabricated objects.
Although linear-elastic models used in the present practice reveal this fact, see Fig. 2, they
are unable to give a true picture of stiffness reduction, stress redistribution due to cracks,
tension stiffening, compression softening of concrete, etc. The result of linear-elastic
analysis is a color image of unrealistic internal forces and stresses with irresistible peaks,
which is useless for the engineer. Application of such results often leads to overestimation
of structural stiffness, crack formation and excessive deflection.
An example may be an exterior facade walls with window openings. Albeit also linear-
elastic calculation shows high stress concentrations at the corners of the headers, the results
are incomprehensible, and do not provide a hint for how to position the reinforcement,
which leads to cracks in the parapet walls. Problems also arise, for example, in the
transitions of the column support system to the wall, see Fig. 2. The high pressure in the
columns combined with the insufficient transverse reinforcement of the wall causes the
wall to be transversely distorted, the columns punch through it, and almost vertical cracks
occur.
2 Methods for design of walls and discontinuity regions
It is possible to use sophisticated programs that work with nonlinear computational models
and methods in case of complicated problems of building practice. These methods,
however, can hardly be used for conceptual design of structures or structural details. They
require to have pre-designed the dimensions of members, and also positions, directions and
amount of reinforcement. In addition, they are still very challenging in terms of necessary
time and user experience. It is necessary to correctly choose material models and their
parameters, which the user often does not understand and for time reasons or for lack of
knowledge he does not make the necessary verification and validation of these models. For
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this reason, results can often be very different from reality. It is also very difficult to
interpret the results in terms of standard provisions. In fact, the models try to capture
virtual reality rather than standard code assessment. Although stochastic methods based on
probabilistic principles have been developed for these purposes, their demandingness is
even higher and unacceptable in practice.
(a) Diaphragm of box-girder bridge (b) Bracket in IDEA StatiCa [2] according to [1]
Fig. 3 Practical examples of Strut-and-Tie Method
Therefore, D-Regions are currently most often
designed using the truss analogy (Strut-and-Tie
Method). Based on structural shape, load, and
boundary conditions, the engineer proposes a
substitute truss model, on which he then
determines the load-bearing capacity of concrete
struts, nodal areas and reinforcement (ties). The
method is very simple; the truss model calculation
is fast and can be easily done. There are many
models proven by good practice and recommended
by standards, see Fig. 3.
However, the method also has a number of
disadvantages. Especially with regard to the
simplification of the truss model, only the ultimate
limit state (ULS) can be checked. The assessment
of crack width, stress limitation and deflection is
impossible using this method. This disadvantage
becomes a considerable constraint due to the
increasing emphasis on serviceability limit state
design (SLS).
Another disadvantage is the ambiguity in creation
of a suitable truss model. There are an infinite
number of possible truss models, but only one of
Fig. 4 Demonstration of the variety of
"correct" truss models
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them is optimal and there is no guaranteed way to identify it, see Fig. 4. When creating the
model, we must first recognize the coherence of (i) the design of member or its detail with
(ii) its computational model. The design of shape, dimensions and reinforcement
determines the behavior of the structure and also the mode of failure. We usually know the
“weak” links in the structure in advance, or we predetermine them deliberately. Thus we in
fact create the model of the structure in the ultimate limit state.
A good example is a deliberate under-sizing of the reinforcement in the cross-section
above the support of a continuous beam that, together with a sufficient reinforcement in the
middle of the spans, results in the redistribution of moments. The creation of the model
must respect among others the fact that the tensile strength of the concrete is practically
zero and that the same is true for the flexural resistance of the concrete itself as well.
Therefore, if the concrete is attributed with the ability to transfer just the compressive
forces and the steel with the ability to transfer only the tensile forces, we get a very simple
truss model consisting of elements exclusively under tension or compression. The strut and
tie model must express the behavior of the structure in the limit state. The creation of the
model thus cannot be accidental, but it must correspond to the conditions of the lower
bound and upper bound theorems. The impact of rebar positions on mode of failure and
crack propagation can be demonstrated on the example in Fig. 4. The author’s experience
is that even professionals have inadequate knowledge of the main principles for the
creation of the models in cases of atypical details.
3 Safe and economic design
The interest of structural engineers in a reliable
and fast tool to design D-Regions has led to the
decision to develop new computational software
for the design and assessment of details and walls
of reinforced concrete structures, which is
commercially available under the name IDEA
StatiCa Detail [2]. This program combines the
benefits and eliminates all the above shortcomings
of the methods described in the previous chapter.
The first advantage of the method, which is
particularly relevant for atypical details and wall
structures, is the possibility of designing the
positions and directions of reinforcement by the
topology optimization method, see [4], or
alternatively by linear analysis, see Fig. 5. In
particular, the design of the truss model by topology optimization identifies optimal
reinforcement locations and directions, which can greatly assist the structural engineer in
deciding how to reinforce the structure. No commercial tool used so far provides such a
feature.
Fig. 5 Identification of truss model
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(a) Positions of reinforcement
(b) ULS check - stress fields, reinforcement and
anchorage
Fig. 6 Wall panel with an opening in IDEA StatiCa [2]
4 Assessment based on valid standards
Similarly to the Strut-and-Tie Method, the specification of input data, reinforcement
design, the analysis, and the code assessment are very fast and can be done, contrary to
general nonlinear programs in the order of 10 to 20 minutes. The model has been verified
and validated, including all parameters entered into the calculation, by the prestigious
Institut für Baustatik und Konstruktion, ETH Zürich [3], [5]. Therefore no special
experience or knowledge is needed to understand the input values and the results. The
assumptions of the solution are above the models recommended by national standards.
However, all results are fully interpreted in terms of code provisions [1]. Therefore the
solution is code independent and at the same time code complying. The methods used for
the calculation and assessment are general both in terms of structural topology, see Fig. 7
and the results provided, see Fig. 8. The results are comprehensible and reflecting reality to
the full extent. They can serve not only for the assessment of ULS, but also for SLS
including crack widths, deflections and stress limitations. Note that SLS checks have not
been fully implemented yet. Auxiliary results in the form of zones of excessive tensile
concrete strains can be used to help with the assessment of crack width check in the first
version of the program.
(a) Combination of dapped end with the haunch
and opening
(b) Wall with openings
Fig. 7 General topology of discontinuity regions
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(a) Load and
reinforcement
(b) ULS check (c) Anchorage (d) Tensile strains
Fig. 8 Pier cap of bridge structure
5 Conclusion
Structural analysis and design of concrete structures is a challenging task – both because of
the natural complexity of the subject and because of the regulation an engineer has to
comply with to get the project done. The construction process has never been as fast as it is
today, and the pressure on cost-effectiveness of structures is growing with zero tolerance of
structural defects. In such an environment, engineers are pushed to work quicker, more
accurate and more reliably than ever before. And they need a different set of tools for that.
The development trend of IDEA StatiCa is to provide engineers with a generic, complete,
and easy-to-use solution for designing and dimensioning structural elements, cross-sections
and details in accordance with applicable standards. We believe that IDEA StatiCa Detail
provides a solution on the level of advanced non-linear programs, but at the same time it
will be commonly used for day-to-day practical design.
6 Acknowledgements
This project has received funding from the Eurostars-2 joint program, project ID 10 571,
code 7D16010 with co-funding from the European Union Horizon 2020 research and
innovation program. Related software IDEA StatiCa Detail was developed by IDEA RS
Ltd in collaboration with IBK ETH Zürich. Above the co-authors of this paper, following
members of the team participated in the project: IDEA StatiCa developers Michal Číhal,
Rostislav Krč, Filip Svoboda, Filip Adler and Michael Konečný and IBK ETH Zürich
researchers supervised by Prof. Kaufmann. The paper was translated from Czech language.
Literature
[1] EN 1992-1-1 Eurocode 2, Design of Concrete Structures – Part 1: General rules and
rules for buildings, European Committee for Standardization, 2015.
[2] IDEA StatiCa, User guide, IDEA RS s.r.o., www.ideastatica.com.
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[3] KAUFMANN, W., MATA-FALCON, J., Structural Concrete Design in the 21st
Century: are Limit Analysis Methods Obsolete?, In: Sborník ke konferenci 24.
BETONÁŘSKÉ DNY 2017, Czech Republic, ČBS ČSSI, 2017
[4] KONEČNÝ, M., KABELÁČ, J., NAVRÁTIL, J. Use of topology optimization in
concrete reinforcement design, In: Sborník ke konferenci 24. BETONÁŘSKÉ DNY
2017, Czech Republic, ČBS ČSSI, 2017
[5] MATA-FALCON, J., TRAN, D., T., KAUFMANN, W., NAVRÁTIL, J. Computer-
aided stress field analysis of discontinuity concrete regions, EURO-C 2018,
Computational Modelling of Concrete and Concrete Structures, Austria, in print,
2018
IDEA RS s.r.o., U Vodárny 2a, 616 00 Brno
+420 511 205 263, navratil@ideastatica.com, URL www.ideastatica.com