Robotics is a combination of science, engineering and technology that produces machines, called robots, that can replace human actions. Robots imitate the action of human beings; it can perform the task not only what a human can do but also what they not able to do. This paper provides an overview of a robotic arms that can be controlled using a smart host microcontroller and can be powered by either solar energy or by direct power supply.
IRJET- Development of Robotic Arm using Arduino and Matlab R2016aIRJET Journal
This document describes the development of a robotic arm using Arduino and MATLAB R2016a. The robotic arm is controlled through a graphical user interface in MATLAB. Commands to move the arm left, right, up, down and to grip or release objects are sent from the GUI to an Arduino Uno board connected to the computer. A camera mounted on the arm allows the user to see the position of objects and guide movements. The arm uses three motors for accurate movement and an object detection system to facilitate pick and place tasks.
The purpose of the project is to encourage automation in almost every activities which require much labor for the completion of the job. Many industries spend a lot of money and time in hiring the labors to carry out their day to day physical activities like transportation of goods, assembly of delicate components in electronics industry, packaging of products etc. Moreover, a variant of this robot model can be employed in areas which risks the human life for example, in Coal Mines, Deep tunnels within the surface of the earth, Defusing bombs, In other defense works etc. The main purpose of the gripper is to hold the items and place them as per the user requirement. For control system, the model constitutes of a microcontroller whose responsibility is to control the motions of the model, DC motor, Motor Drivers, Servo motors, Potentiometers, Joystick controls. The advanced version of the model can be implemented to perform complex human activities performing a surgery also can be used in various fields like Automobile industry, Instrumentation industries, military applications etc. This models holds the promise to re define the meaning of automation in the evolving digital era. Mr. B. Naresh | S. Rushikeshwar | T. Madhu | V. Shanthi Kumar | Shailendra Kumar ""Study on Bio-Mimetic Portable Robotic Arm"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-3 , April 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd23394.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/23394/study-on-bio-mimetic-portable-robotic-arm/mr-b-naresh
This document describes the development of an all-terrain offensive and defensive robot. The robot uses an Arduino microcontroller, DC motor drivers, a servo motor driver, a laser module, a wireless camera, and a Bluetooth module. It is designed to move in various terrains like forests and hilly areas. The robotic arm can pick up and drop bombs which are monitored by the wireless camera. The whole system is controlled via an Android application using Bluetooth. The robot was successfully implemented and able to move in different directions and use the laser module and robotic arm as intended. It has potential applications in military operations and hazardous environments.
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This document describes a proposed swarm robotic system for mapping and exploring extreme environments. A swarm robotic system uses multiple simple robots working together in a decentralized and coordinated manner to complete complex tasks. The proposed system would use small (9-10 cm) robots equipped with sensors to map their environment in 2D. The robots would communicate over an IoT network to share sensor data and build a collective map. This swarm system could explore hazardous areas like disaster sites, chemical leaks, or radiation zones that are dangerous for humans. It would allow rescuers to safely assess environments and plan operations. The document outlines the methodology, including developing the robot platform using open-source technologies, programming communication between robots over WiFi, and using computer vision to
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This document describes a multiple motion control system for a robotic car based on IoT (Internet of Things). The system allows a user to remotely control the movement of the robotic car using an Arduino Uno controller and wireless communication via Zigbee modules. The car's motion is controlled from remote locations through a local host service and wireless communication. The system architecture includes hardware components like an Arduino Uno, Zigbee modules, motor driver, and DC gear motors. The software includes an Arduino IDE and host platform app to allow remote control of the car's movement. The proposed system could be used for applications like in hazardous environments where it can perform tasks remotely in place of human workers.
This document describes the design of an intelligent autonomous wheeled robot that uses RF transmission for communication. The robot has two modes - automatic mode where it can make its own decisions, and user control mode where a user can control it remotely. It is designed using a microcontroller and can perform tasks like object recognition using computer vision and color detection in MATLAB, as well as wall painting using pneumatic systems. The robot's movement is controlled by DC motors and it uses sensors like ultrasonic sensors and gas sensors to navigate autonomously. RF transmission allows communication between the robot and a remote control unit. The overall aim is to develop a low-cost robotic system for industrial applications like material handling.
Summer Training Program Report On Embedded system and robot Arcanjo Salazaku
This document describes the design of a wireless controlled robot. It uses two microcontrollers - one as the transmitter section controlled by the user and the other as the receiver section mounted on the robot. The transmitter section encodes the control signals from a 4x4 keypad using an HT12E encoder IC and transmits it using an RF module. The robot receives the signals using an RF module and decodes it using an HT12D decoder IC. It then drives the motors using an L293D motor driver IC to control the robot's movement according to the received signals. The system aims to provide easy and low-cost wireless control of the robot.
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Abstract—Material Handling Robo’s are mechanically controlled devices designed to replicate the movement of a human arm. The devices are used for lifting heavy objects and carrying out tasks that require extreme concentration and expert accuracy.In this highly developing society; time and man power are critical constrains for completion of task in large scales. the automation is playing important role to save human efforts in most of the regular and frequently carried works e.g. most of the industrial jobs like welding, painting, assembly, container filling etc. one of the major and most commonly performed work is picking and placing of jobs from source to destination. For this purpose, We intend to design a prototype based robo using pick and place mechanism.Material Selection is done using RFID Technology.The Material Handling Robot is a microcontroller based mechatronic system that detects the object based on the instruction given by the RFID Reader, picks that object automatically from source location and places at desired location.A mechanical gripper is robotic, usually programmable, with similar functions to a human arm.Thus designing a Material Handling Robo most often can be used for industrial and nonindustrial purposes.
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This document describes the development of a robotic arm using Arduino and MATLAB R2016a. The robotic arm is controlled through a graphical user interface in MATLAB. Commands to move the arm left, right, up, down and to grip or release objects are sent from the GUI to an Arduino Uno board connected to the computer. A camera mounted on the arm allows the user to see the position of objects and guide movements. The arm uses three motors for accurate movement and an object detection system to facilitate pick and place tasks.
The purpose of the project is to encourage automation in almost every activities which require much labor for the completion of the job. Many industries spend a lot of money and time in hiring the labors to carry out their day to day physical activities like transportation of goods, assembly of delicate components in electronics industry, packaging of products etc. Moreover, a variant of this robot model can be employed in areas which risks the human life for example, in Coal Mines, Deep tunnels within the surface of the earth, Defusing bombs, In other defense works etc. The main purpose of the gripper is to hold the items and place them as per the user requirement. For control system, the model constitutes of a microcontroller whose responsibility is to control the motions of the model, DC motor, Motor Drivers, Servo motors, Potentiometers, Joystick controls. The advanced version of the model can be implemented to perform complex human activities performing a surgery also can be used in various fields like Automobile industry, Instrumentation industries, military applications etc. This models holds the promise to re define the meaning of automation in the evolving digital era. Mr. B. Naresh | S. Rushikeshwar | T. Madhu | V. Shanthi Kumar | Shailendra Kumar ""Study on Bio-Mimetic Portable Robotic Arm"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-3 , April 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd23394.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/23394/study-on-bio-mimetic-portable-robotic-arm/mr-b-naresh
This document describes the development of an all-terrain offensive and defensive robot. The robot uses an Arduino microcontroller, DC motor drivers, a servo motor driver, a laser module, a wireless camera, and a Bluetooth module. It is designed to move in various terrains like forests and hilly areas. The robotic arm can pick up and drop bombs which are monitored by the wireless camera. The whole system is controlled via an Android application using Bluetooth. The robot was successfully implemented and able to move in different directions and use the laser module and robotic arm as intended. It has potential applications in military operations and hazardous environments.
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This document describes a proposed swarm robotic system for mapping and exploring extreme environments. A swarm robotic system uses multiple simple robots working together in a decentralized and coordinated manner to complete complex tasks. The proposed system would use small (9-10 cm) robots equipped with sensors to map their environment in 2D. The robots would communicate over an IoT network to share sensor data and build a collective map. This swarm system could explore hazardous areas like disaster sites, chemical leaks, or radiation zones that are dangerous for humans. It would allow rescuers to safely assess environments and plan operations. The document outlines the methodology, including developing the robot platform using open-source technologies, programming communication between robots over WiFi, and using computer vision to
IRJET- Multiple Motion Control System of Robotic Car Based on IoTIRJET Journal
This document describes a multiple motion control system for a robotic car based on IoT (Internet of Things). The system allows a user to remotely control the movement of the robotic car using an Arduino Uno controller and wireless communication via Zigbee modules. The car's motion is controlled from remote locations through a local host service and wireless communication. The system architecture includes hardware components like an Arduino Uno, Zigbee modules, motor driver, and DC gear motors. The software includes an Arduino IDE and host platform app to allow remote control of the car's movement. The proposed system could be used for applications like in hazardous environments where it can perform tasks remotely in place of human workers.
This document describes the design of an intelligent autonomous wheeled robot that uses RF transmission for communication. The robot has two modes - automatic mode where it can make its own decisions, and user control mode where a user can control it remotely. It is designed using a microcontroller and can perform tasks like object recognition using computer vision and color detection in MATLAB, as well as wall painting using pneumatic systems. The robot's movement is controlled by DC motors and it uses sensors like ultrasonic sensors and gas sensors to navigate autonomously. RF transmission allows communication between the robot and a remote control unit. The overall aim is to develop a low-cost robotic system for industrial applications like material handling.
Summer Training Program Report On Embedded system and robot Arcanjo Salazaku
This document describes the design of a wireless controlled robot. It uses two microcontrollers - one as the transmitter section controlled by the user and the other as the receiver section mounted on the robot. The transmitter section encodes the control signals from a 4x4 keypad using an HT12E encoder IC and transmits it using an RF module. The robot receives the signals using an RF module and decodes it using an HT12D decoder IC. It then drives the motors using an L293D motor driver IC to control the robot's movement according to the received signals. The system aims to provide easy and low-cost wireless control of the robot.
Material Handling Robot For Smart Manufacturing in Industriesdbpublications
Abstract—Material Handling Robo’s are mechanically controlled devices designed to replicate the movement of a human arm. The devices are used for lifting heavy objects and carrying out tasks that require extreme concentration and expert accuracy.In this highly developing society; time and man power are critical constrains for completion of task in large scales. the automation is playing important role to save human efforts in most of the regular and frequently carried works e.g. most of the industrial jobs like welding, painting, assembly, container filling etc. one of the major and most commonly performed work is picking and placing of jobs from source to destination. For this purpose, We intend to design a prototype based robo using pick and place mechanism.Material Selection is done using RFID Technology.The Material Handling Robot is a microcontroller based mechatronic system that detects the object based on the instruction given by the RFID Reader, picks that object automatically from source location and places at desired location.A mechanical gripper is robotic, usually programmable, with similar functions to a human arm.Thus designing a Material Handling Robo most often can be used for industrial and nonindustrial purposes.
IRJET- The Importance of Robotic Technology in Engineering Industries, Medica...IRJET Journal
This document discusses the importance of robotic technology in engineering industries, medical fields, and radioactive environments. It provides an overview of the history and development of robots, their various applications, and Japan's leadership in industrial robotics production. Specifically, the document notes that robots are useful in dangerous situations like nuclear power plants as they can complete tasks without risk to human workers. Medical robots are also discussed, including the Da Vinci surgical robot. The use of small swimming robots to inspect the damaged Fukushima Daiichi nuclear plant following the 2011 earthquake and tsunami is highlighted.
A Review On AI Vision Robotic Arm Using Raspberry PiAngela Shin
This document summarizes a research project that designed an artificial intelligence (AI) vision robotic arm using a Raspberry Pi microcontroller. The robotic arm has 6 degrees of freedom and is intended to perform multifunctional tasks like detecting, identifying, grasping, and repositioning objects. A computer vision system with a camera is used to recognize objects and their spatial positions to control the robotic arm's movement. The vision system is processed using the Raspberry Pi's computing power to recognize objects in real-time based on software commands. The study aims to interest and automate various axes of the manipulator to lift, carry and place objects as desired using integrated electric motors and a vision-based control system.
The document discusses the design and development of a firefighting robot that can detect and extinguish fires autonomously using sensors to detect fires and a water pump or blower to put out the flames. It describes the components needed for the robot like microcontrollers, motors, sensors, and discusses how fuzzy logic can be used to control the robot. The overall purpose of the robot is to fight fires remotely to protect firefighters and limit property damage from fires.
IRJET- Can Robots are Changing the World: A ReviewIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research paper on robots and how they are changing the world. It discusses how robots are rapidly developing from industrial uses to serving as companions. It proposes a hierarchical probabilistic representation of space that would allow robots to understand their environments in a way that is compatible with human users. This conceptual representation of space would be useful for robots to become familiar with their surroundings and interact in a semantically and socially intelligent manner. The paper reviews robot capabilities, sensors, effectors, software architectures, applications, and debates around machine intelligence and thinking.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Robotic Vehicle Movement with Webcam Operated by Cell PhoneIRJET Journal
This document discusses a robotic vehicle that is controlled by a cell phone. The key points are:
1. DTMF commands from one cell phone are sent to another cell phone mounted on a robot.
2. The robot cell phone receives the commands and decodes them using a DTMF decoder.
3. The decoded commands are then sent to a microcontroller which controls two DC motors to move the robot in different directions based on the received commands.
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This document describes a vehicle control system using hand gestures detected by a Raspberry Pi Pico microcontroller. The system includes a glove with an accelerometer that detects the hand movements. The movements are transmitted via RF to a receiver connected to an Arduino and motor driver. The Arduino interprets the hand gestures and sends signals to the motor driver to control the vehicle's direction. The goal is to allow disabled users to control a vehicle intuitively with hand motions instead of buttons.
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This document describes a proposed approach for an accelerometer-based controlled robot. The robot will use hand gestures detected by an accelerometer to move in different directions (left, right, forward, backward). The robot will consist of several modules including a hand gesture module using an accelerometer and Arduino UNO, an auto drive module to control movement using signals from the hand gesture module, a voice interaction module using a camera for communication, and a robotic arm module to perform pick and place tasks. The approach aims to allow control of the robot's movement and functions through hand gestures without physical contact for applications such as assisting handicapped individuals.
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This document describes a floor cleaning robot designed with vision capabilities. The robot uses a Raspberry Pi 3 controller along with DC motors and a camera. It can operate in both manual and autonomous modes. In manual mode, a user controls the robot remotely using a GUI on a laptop and views a live video stream. In autonomous mode, the robot navigates automatically using object detection algorithms like Haar Cascade and SSD to identify objects. The robot aims to perform cleaning tasks with minimal human assistance by using computer vision.
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The document describes a system for controlling robots wirelessly using hand gestures. An accelerometer is used to detect hand movements and transmits gesture data via wireless sensors to a receiver on the robot. The microcontroller on the robot interprets the data and controls motors to move the robot forward, backward, left or right based on the tilt of the hand. The system is intended to help physically challenged users control wheelchairs or other devices with simple gestures. It aims to provide a low-cost and efficient wireless human-robot interaction system using hand gestures detected by an accelerometer and wireless transmission of the control signals.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
The document discusses the use of swarm robotics for agricultural applications such as sowing seeds, harvesting, and storing grains. It proposes a system using two communicating robots that can coordinate to perform tasks like plowing, seed sowing, and manuring while avoiding obstacles. The robots use sensors and radio frequency modules to communicate and switch between centralized and decentralized control modes depending on the detection of obstacles.
A one decade survey of autonomous mobile robot systems IJECEIAES
Recently, autonomous mobile robots have gained popularity in the modern world due to their relevance technology and application in real world situations. The global market for mobile robots will grow significantly over the next 20 years. Autonomous mobile robots are found in many fields including institutions, industry, business, hospitals, agriculture as well as private households for the purpose of improving day-to-day activities and services. The development of technology has increased in the requirements for mobile robots because of the services and tasks provided by them, like rescue and research operations, surveillance, carry heavy objects and so on. Researchers have conducted many works on the importance of robots, their uses, and problems. This article aims to analyze the control system of mobile robots and the way robots have the ability of moving in real-world to achieve their goals. It should be noted that there are several technological directions in a mobile robot industry. It must be observed and integrated so that the robot functions properly: Navigation systems, localization systems, detection systems (sensors) along with motion and kinematics and dynamics systems. All such systems should be united through a control unit; thus, the mission or work of mobile robots are conducted with reliability.
Design and implementation of Arduino based robotic armIJECEIAES
This study presents the model, design, and construction of the Arduino based robotic arm, which functions across a distance as it is controlled through a mobile application. A six degree of freedom robotic arm has been designed and implemented for the purpose of this research. The design controlled by the Arduino platform receives orders from the user’s mobile application through wireless controlling signals, that is Bluetooth. The arm is made up of five rotary joints and an end effector, where rotary motion is provided by the servomotor. Each link has been first designed using solid works and then printed by 3D printer. The assembly of the parts of the robot and the motor’s mechanical shapes produce the final prototype of the arm. The Arduino has been programmed to provide rotation to each corresponding servo motor to the sliders in the designed mobile application for usage from distance.
IRJET-Android Controlled Firefighting Robot using ArduinoIRJET Journal
This document describes an Android-controlled firefighting robot that can detect and extinguish fires autonomously. The robot uses temperature and smoke sensors to detect fires and a sprinkler system to extinguish fires. It is controlled through an Android application using Bluetooth. The robot can avoid obstacles using ultrasonic sensors. Fuzzy logic control algorithms allow the robot to track targets and avoid obstacles on its way to extinguish fires. The robot was designed to assist firefighters and help automate fire detection and response.
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This document describes the design and implementation of an electrical drive-based floor cleaning robot controlled by an Android application. The robot uses sensors like ultrasonic and infrared sensors for obstacle avoidance and navigation. An Arduino microcontroller controls DC motors for movement and other components like a vacuum fan and water pump for cleaning. The Android app allows remote control of the robot via Bluetooth to guide it for floor cleaning and mopping. The robot was found to perform basic cleaning functions autonomously as programmed.
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This document describes a proposed automatic security and gas detection robot called GILS. The robot would be controlled remotely using an android application and sensors. It would have the ability to detect hazardous gases using gas sensors and provide live video feeds through a mobile device camera to alert humans to dangers. The system architecture involves sensors communicating with a microcontroller on the robot, which is connected via Bluetooth to a mobile device. This would allow the mobile device to capture data and send it over the internet to a server. The robot is intended to provide security monitoring and hazard detection in dangerous areas that humans cannot access.
This document summarizes a college project to build an Arduino-based robot that can track and follow an infrared LED. The robot uses an array of 8 infrared sensors connected to an Arduino Uno microcontroller. The Arduino processes the sensor data and controls two continuous rotation servomotors that drive the wheels. Testing showed the robot could track the infrared LED from up to 14 meters away. Issues with sensor field of view and reflective surfaces hindered tracking at close ranges. Adding distance sensors was proposed to help with navigation if the infrared signal is lost. The overall goal of building a robot capable of infrared tracking and following was accomplished.
This document describes a proposed wireless industrial security robot. The robot is designed to move autonomously into unknown locations using sensors and cameras to gather information. It contains modules like an ARM microcontroller, gas sensor, fire sensor, Zigbee transceiver, GSM modem, sonar, camera, temperature sensor, and humidity sensor. The robot part sends sensor data and video to a remote PC part via Zigbee. If abnormal conditions like fire or gas are detected, an alert SMS will be sent via the GSM modem. The remote PC can monitor sensor readings and video, and control the robot's movement via Zigbee. The goal is to design an intelligent robot that can detect hazards, alert users, and
This document describes a proposed wireless industrial security robot. The robot is designed to move autonomously into unknown locations using sensors and cameras to gather information. It contains modules like an ARM microcontroller, gas sensor, fire sensor, Zigbee transceiver, GSM modem, sonar, camera, temperature sensor, and humidity sensor. The robot part sends sensor data and video to a remote PC part via Zigbee. If abnormal conditions like fire or gas are detected, an alert SMS will be sent via the GSM modem. The remote PC can monitor sensor readings and video, and control the robot's movement via Zigbee. The goal is to design an intelligent robot that can detect hazards, alert users, and
Abstract : Fire incident is a disaster that results in the loss of life, damage to the property and endless disaster
to the victim. Fire extinguishing is an exceptionally unsafe undertaking and it might likewise include death risk.
Robotics is the answer to ensure the safeguarding of the surroundings and also the life of firefighters. Fire sensing
and extinguishing robot is a model which can be used in extinguishing the fire with minimum human intervention.
There is a threat to the life of the fire fighters in extinguishing the fire and there are some difficult areas where
they cannot reach like that in the tunnels. At similar kind of places this automatic robot is veritably useful to
perform the task. This robot can be controlled remotely by mobile phone using Bluetooth module. The robot is
equipped with the flame sensors that automatically detects the fire and gives the further signal to the extinguisher
units to start the pump and extinguish the fire by spraying water. Arduino uno is used as the microcontroller to
operate the whole operation. The proposed robot has been used for various trials and proper evaluation has been
done to check the proper functioning and to get the desired result
Abstract: Detection of fake news based on deep learning techniques is a major issue used to mislead people. For
the experiments, several types of datasets, models, and methodologies have been used to detect fake news. Also,
most of the datasets contain text id, tweets id, and user-based id and user-based features. To get the proper results
and accuracy various models like CNN (Convolution neural network), DEEP CNN, and LSTM (Long short-term
memory) are used
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This document describes a proposed wireless industrial security robot. The robot is designed to move autonomously into unknown locations using sensors and cameras to gather information. It contains modules like an ARM microcontroller, gas sensor, fire sensor, Zigbee transceiver, GSM modem, sonar, camera, temperature sensor, and humidity sensor. The robot part sends sensor data and video to a remote PC part via Zigbee. If abnormal conditions like fire or gas are detected, an alert SMS will be sent via the GSM modem. The remote PC can monitor sensor readings and video, and control the robot's movement via Zigbee. The goal is to design an intelligent robot that can detect hazards, alert users, and
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A Review: Industrial Application Of Smarthost Microcontroller Based Robots
1. Volume 3, Issue Winter 2014 ISSN: 2229-5828 (Print)
18 | Page
Publisher: Noida Institute of Engineering & Technology,
19, Knowledge Park-II, Institutional Area, Greater Noida (UP), India.
Abstract: Robotics is a combination of science, engineering and technology that produces machines, called robots,
that can replace human actions. Robots imitate the action of human beings; it can perform the task not only what a human
can do but also what they not able to do. This paper provides an overview of a robotic arms that can be controlled using a
smart host microcontroller and can be powered by either solar energy or by direct power supply. The paper includes a
thorough review of the referenced papers, which focuses on the development of the robotic arm with the use of smart host
microcontroller and a camera function for real time image processing. There are different research papers are followed
and real time image processing based Robotic arm showed the better performance and applications among other Arduino
or Raspberry pi based robotic arms. Different robots/ robotic arms are capable of surveillance and also with an alternate
application in detecting and following a pre specified object. There are various fields where these robotic arms play a vital
role such as, in farming a robotic arm can be used to pluck fruits/vegetables from trees and plants or to implant seeds into
soil without the need of human touch, in military base to remove the land mines that can be harmful for soldiers, in the
medical industries (complicated surgery or pharmaceutical field), in the field of science, where a nuclear waste can be
disposed by the help of a robotic arm so that it may cause no harm to any human being.
Keywords: Robotic Arm, Smart Host Microcontroller, Power Supply, Real Time Image Processing, MATLAB.
1. INTRODUCTION:
A robot is an electro-mechanical machine that perform tasks based on the command or instruction given as the
input [27]. It can be fixed or movable as per the requirements. Such as in industry purposes the robots used have
a fixed base (e.g., in automobile industries the robots have a fixed function of manipulating/adjusting the parts
of vehicle). The robots whose base can move have different requirements or are used to perform different tasks
(e.g., mars rover have a movable base that can move from one place to another, that help scientists to collect data
regarding their research onmars).
In this project a movable robotic arm can be programmed to perform pick and place operations that can help us
humans perform tasks that require extra strength or that are not easy to perform [29]. For automatic purposes,
the robot is more advantageous than a human because it works simultaneously / continuously without resting.
Robotic arms can be useful in many areas, such as in agriculture, robotic arms can be used to unload fruits /
vegetables from trees and plants, or to plant seeds in the ground without the need for human touch, or in military
bases [34]. Mines that can be harmful to soldiers, or in the field of science where nuclear waste can be disposed
of, can be done with the help of a robotic arm so that it does not harm any human being.
The atmega328p microcontroller can be used to control I / O signals to operate robotic components. The
atmega328p microcontroller is an 8-bit microcontroller based on AVR RISC (Reduced Instruction Set Computer)
technology [2]. It is a high performance, low power controller from microchip. Compared to the 8051
microcontroller the atmega328p controller is more efficient and more versatile as it has more storage space and
software already built to encrypt it. Atmega328p is already used in Arduino which makes it easy to install as
A Review: Industrial application of
smarthost microcontroller based robots
Ashutodh Kumar Singh1
, Kanika Jindal1
, Dhananjay Singh1
1
AssistantProfessor, Department of Electronics& Communication Engineering, Noida Institute of Engineering &
Technology, Greater Noida
2. Volume 3, Issue Winter 2014 ISSN: 2229-5828 (Print)
19 | Page
Publisher: Noida Institute of Engineering & Technology,
19, Knowledge Park-II, Institutional Area, Greater Noida (UP), India.
Arduino has software called Arduino IDE 1.8. While Arduino can also be configured with any compiler such as
C / C ++ compilers, which makes it easy to use or code. And being part of Arduino, it provides a USB port to
connect to a PC and where we can provide robotic navigation instructions using the MATLAB GUI.
Fig. 1.1: This picture represents an Atmega328 based Arduino.
From MATLAB GUI interface we can make some sort of buttons or menus at which a click or press can provide
movement to the robot. Such as by clicking forward, the robot will start moving forward and by clicking
backward it will begin moving backword.
For the movement of robot, motors will be connected with relays. These relays will work as switches that can be
activated when the input from the MATLAB will be 1 and the motor will begin to rotate. Considering the rotation
of motor, if it will be clockwise then the robot will move forward and if it will be anti-clockwise then it will
move backward [2]. Same as for the movement of arm, a motor will be connected and the direction of rotation
of the motor will tell the function of arm (e.g., if clockwise then arm will move upward and if anti-clockwise
then the arm will move downward).
The gripper can be used for selected operations operation in the robot. When the input is 1 the gripper will be
close and for 0 it will be open. This will act as a hand that can hold objects on commands. Now, the robot will
be supplied with electricity by solar energy radiation or direct power supply. A PV cell module that acts as a
battery is to be connected to a robot and a solar panel. The condition of the battery will be measured by a ZigBee
connected to the PC; Considering the condition of the battery, it will start using the solar panel for battery
charging [21]. Between the battery and the solar panel, a diode will be connected to prevent the reverse flow
from the battery to the solar panel.
Fig. 1.2: Connection of the Arduino with Servo Motors.
3. Volume 3, Issue Winter 2014 ISSN: 2229-5828 (Print)
20 | Page
Publisher: Noida Institute of Engineering & Technology,
19, Knowledge Park-II, Institutional Area, Greater Noida (UP), India.
Another aim of the robot is to pick a pre-specified object and place it in a separate division based on the colour
of the object. This is used to identify objects on the basisof their colours and command the robot accordingly.
The image processing in the robot will be done through a software called Raspberry Pi [40].
A Raspberry pi is used as a processing hardware which will help in the detection of the colours and give the
characterized aspects of four different methods that are shape,position, orientation and identification of the
objects. A raspberry pi in this robotic arm will have700mhz CPU and 256mb ram and it will be used alongside
with MATLAB software [9]. A total programming model is developed through MATLAB software and usedin
the robotic arm processed by raspberry pi.
2. REVIEW PREFACES:
Basic element of this effective robotic system not only consist of the robot itself, but also the image processing,
GUI (Graphical User Interface) controller, gripping tool, pv cell, and most importantly a person to control the
robot [3]. Such a composite robotic operation can only be successful when all the parts of the robot will be
successfully in conjunction.
From GUI, a signal will be sent to Arduino, with the help of serial communication between the computer and
Arduino, using a computer system. The Arduino will then pass a signal to the motor or gripper which will help
in the motion of these components depending on the type of manual signal generated from the GUI. Similarly,
the state of the robot's battery will be controlled from the PC screen. For the autonomous function of the robot,
the robot will be able to program. This autonomous task will help to complete repetitive tasks or tasks that require
constant attention of the person. As the farmer is important in farming so that he can take fully ripe fruits /
vegetables, now using a robot it will be programmed in such a way that it will pull or select the fruit based on
the colour and then place it in a bucket that will be for that fruit.
3. SUMMARY AND DISCUSSION:
An extensive research and development has been undertaken in robotics, therefore it was felt that a review bring
up-to-date was necessary. The aim of the review is to offer the inclusive list of foremost research papers
developed and published in the last few years.
Many research papers and a range of literatures, databases and search engines such as IEEE explore. Research
Gates has been reviewed. The paper has focused on systems for robotic arm, image processing, visualization,
pick and place of robot, solar power battery charging, etc.
For the better understanding of system/subject, this paper contains a detailed description of the components and
is provided by some useful publications of the authors that has worked in the same field previously.
Table 1 will provide the complete summary of the research papers read and used in the making of this review
paper.
This table also provides the summary data regarding the title of the research paper, the year at which it was
published, author names, publication of the paper on any search engines, remarks given on the research papers
based on the study and complete analysing of these research papers, applications of the paper and microcontroller
used in making of each paper.
The table is arranged in such a way that the reader is able to identify the returnable documents from the most
recent year to the oldest.
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Table 1: A Synthesizing summary of the papers reviewed under the making of this project. In addition to the
title, year, author, remarks, publications and applications, each paper has been categorized in relation to the
microcontroller used.
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4. CONCLUSION:
The design and development of the robot will be carried out and as a result the working model of this robot will
be constructed/build. This will help in completion of objectives such as to be used in farming, andhence conclude
the successful working of the robot. The working of the microcontroller atmega328, Zigbee, relays and other
components will be known. The fully developed model of this robot will be able to pick up some amount of
weight.
Serial communication between the microcontroller and the PC will be established which will help Arduino to
control the movement of the robot through the use of PC commands. This robotic vehicle can be helpful for
military purposes to remove land mines. Therefore, the purpose of this robot will be very effective for the future
instead of human for war, robots can be used for military purpose and energy can be obtained from solar energy
which is a major renewable tool. Success in the implementation of a solar powered robotic vehicle with a robotic
arm and real time image processing will be very effective in the future of the robotic world.
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[49]Verma, Garima; 'Agile Software Development : An Alternative Approach to Software
Development',Volume No.2,Issue No.2,2014,PP.020-023,ISSN :2229-5828
[50]H.S. Pali, N.kumar; 'Biodiesal Production from Sal (Shorea Robusta) Seed Oil',Volume No.2,Issue
No.2,2014,PP.024-029,ISSN :2229-5828
[51]Maneesh Kumar , Rajdev Tiwari, Rajeev; 'Automated Test Case Genration on the Basis of Branch Coverage
Using Teaching Learning Based Optimization',Volume No.2,Issue No.2,2014,PP.030-036,ISSN :2229-5828
14. Volume 3, Issue Winter 2014 ISSN: 2229-5828 (Print)
31 | Page
Publisher: Noida Institute of Engineering & Technology,
19, Knowledge Park-II, Institutional Area, Greater Noida (UP), India.
[52]Meenakshi Saini,Nitin Kathuria, V.K.Pandey; 'L Slot Circularly Polarized Broadband Antenna',Volume
No.2,Issue No.2,2014,PP.037-041,ISSN :2229-5828
[53]Patro, B.Narasingh; 'Content Based Image Retrival Thro-ugh Features Like Color ,Texture and
Shape',Volume No.2,Issue No.2,2014,PP.042-046,ISSN :2229-5828
[54]Prabhaker Agarwal , S.P.Singh, V.K.Pandey; 'Spectrum Shaping Analysis Using Tunable Parameter of
Fractional Based Dirichlet Window',Volume No.2,Issue No.2,2014,PP.047-051,ISSN :2229-5828