A Report On Spot Speed Study Course No CE 454 Course Title Transportation Engineering Sessional II

A Report
on
Spot Speed Study
Course No: CE 454
Course Title: Transportation Engineering Sessional II
Submitted by
Shuvro Kumar Chakravorty
Student ID: 1204009
Level/Term:4/2
Section: A
Date: 11 April,2017
Submitted to
Dr. Md. Shamsul Hoque
Professor
Department Of Civil Engineering,BUET
Sanjana Hossain
Assistant Professor
Department Of Civil Engineering
Department Of Civil Engineering
Bangladesh University of Engineering & Technology

ABSTRACT
From the definition of transportation planning we find that “Transportation planning is
the field involved with transportation facilities (generally streets, highways, sidewalks,
bike lanes and public transport lines).” Traffic Volume is increasing day by day and this is
why proper transportation planning has become very necessary nowadays. Spot Speed
Study is one of the important and basic steps of transportation planning.
The current work studies traffic characteristics in the city of Dhaka at one selected
priority junction. In this work emphasis was given on traffic volume and the analysis was
carried out through primary traffic flow surveys at Panthapath to Russel Square in
Dhaka city. Spot Speed study was conducted by manual strip method.
With the help of the data collection, an attempt had been made to calculate average
speed, draw histogram showing the relation between vehicle numbers and speed range,
plot frequency curve and cumulative frequency curve to determine different speed
parameters like modal speed, pace, design speed. Traffic control at that junction is also
dependent on the traffic flow characteristics. Hence the results from the present study
are helpful in controlling the traffic at the intersection and also in suggesting some of
the remedial measures to improve the traffic safety in the region. Remedial measures
such as widening the road or by controlling non-motorized vehicle can be recommended
based on the outcomes of the work. Some of the interesting future study scopes are
also mentioned based on the outcomes of the work.
I

TABLE OF CONTENTS
ABSTRACT......................................................................................................... I
TABLE OF CONTENTS........................................................................................ II
LIST OF TABLES................................................................................................. IV
LIST OF FIGURES............................................................................................... V
1. INTRODUCTION.................................................................................... 1
1.1 General.................................................................................................. 1
1.2 General Objectives of Speed study .......................................... 1
1.3 Scopes of Traffic Speed Study..................................................... 1
2. LITERATURE REVIEW.......................................................................... 3
2.1 General.................................................................................................. 3
2.2 Traffic Speed Study.......................................................................... 3
2.3 Past Studies......................................................................................... 3
2.4 Definition of Speed.......................................................................... 4
3 METHODOLOGY..................................................................................... 6
3.1 General.................................................................................................. 6
3.2 Manual Method ................................................................................ 6
3.2.a. Pavement markings.......................................................................... 6
3.2. b. Enoscope or Mirror box.......................................................... 7
3.3 Automatic Method .......................................................................... 7
3.3. a. Road Detector (Pressure contact strips).......................... 8
3.3. b. Doppler-Principle Meters (Radar)...................................... 8
3.3. c. Electronic-Principle Detectors (Photography)............... 9
3.4. The Method we followed............................................................ 10
4. Data Collection............................................................................................. 11
II

4.1 Date and time.......................................................................................... 11
4.2 Weather Condition................................................................................. 11
4.3 Location .................................................................................................... 11
4.4 Observation......................................................................................... 12
4.5 Method and Equipment ................................................................ 12
4.6 Number of Enumerators ............................................................... 12
4.7 Data Collection Table ............................................................................. 13
5. DATA ANALYSIS ......................................................................................... 16
5.1 Speed Calculation............................................................................. 16
5.2 Weighted Average Speed Calculation..................................... 29
5.4 Histogram,Frequency and Cumulative Frequency Curve................ 30
5.4 Discussion on spot speed.............................................................. 32
6. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS................................ 33
6.1 General................................................................................................. 33
6.2 Results from Data Analysis in tabular form.......................... 33
6.3 Limitation............................................................................................. 33
6.4 Recommendations........................................................................... 33
6.5 Scope for Further Study................................................................. 34
References......................................................................................... 35
III

LIST OF TABLES
Table 3.1: Recommended Study length for various average stream speed…………………………6
Table 4.1 : Travel time in 44 feet distance by car................................................... ..........................13
Table 4.2: Travel time in 44 feet distance by Micro bus …………………………............ ..........................13
Table 4.3: Travel time in 44 feet distance by CNG ………………………… ……………………………….. 14
Table 4.4: Travel time in 44 feet distance by Motorcycle……………………………………………………………14
Table 4.5 : Travel time in 44 feet distance by Pick-up …………………………................ ..........................15
Table 4.6: Travel time in 44 feet distance by Bus …………………………. ....................... ..........................15
Table 4.7 : Travel time in 44 feet distance by Jip/Pajero …………………………........... ..........................15
Table 5.1: Speed Calculation of different vehicles …………………………. ................... ..........................28
Table 5.2: Average speed and time of different vehicles …………………………....... ..........................29
IV

LIST OF FIGURES
Fig 3.1: Pavement marking …………………………………………………………………………………………………......7
Figure 3.2: Enoscope Method ……………………………………………………………………….............................7
Fig 3.3: Pneumatic road tube method ………………………………………………………………………............8
Fig 3.4 : Radar Gun image ……………………………………………………………………….........................................9
Fig 3.5 : Photography method ………………………………………………………………………..................................9
Fig 4.1: Panthapath Intersection to Russel Square Intersection………………………………........11
Fig 5.1 : Histogram showing No. of vehicles and speed range ……………………30
Fig 5.2 : % Frequency vs Spot Speed Graph ………….………………………………….............. ..31
Fig 5.3: Cumulative % Frequency vs Spot Speed Graph ………………………………………………..32
v

CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
1.1 General:
Speed is the ratio of total distance traveled divided by the total time taken to traverse
that distance. Speeds vary with the type of road and traffic volume. It is higher along freeways
and highways and lower along collector and local streets. Speed is affected by factors such as
lane width and sight distance. Speed decreases with an increase in traffic volumes. Traffic
volume is defined as the number of vehicles that pass a point along a roadway or traffic lane
per unit time.
1.2 General Objectives of Speed study:
There are several specific objectives of traffic speed studies and are listed below:
 To measure the spot speed and travel speed of vehicles and note other related traffic
characteristics.
 To present detailed diagram of spot speed and travel speed calculations.
 To calculate spot speeds and prepare tables for statistical analysis of spot speeds
 To plot histograms, frequency curves and cumulative frequency curves of spot speeds.
 To determine weighted average speed, pace, modal speed, speed limit (85th percentile
speed), design speed, etc. of spot speeds.
 To find Time-Mean-Speed (TMS) and Space-Mean-Speed (SMS) using the travel speed
and compare SMS and TMS.
 To determine various parameters by using these speeds and also to prove some
relationships.
 To draw Speed(Space-Mean)-flow curve based on observed data.
 Superimpose typical speed-flow relationship diagram (qualitative)
 To find LOS of the studied road
1.3 Scopes of Traffic Speed Study:
Speed study has a huge significance in transportation engineering in both designing and
management of traffic system.
Scopes of Spot speed study:
Spot speed study is Used for:
 To establish speed zones

 To determine whether complaints about speeding are valid
 To establish passing and no-passing zones
 To design geometric alignment
 To analyze accident data
 Specific design applications (like sight distance, breaking distance, passing distance etc.)
 Specific control applications (yellow/all red timing – the size of dilemma zone depends
on speed)
 To evaluate the effects of physical improvements, etc

CHAPTER 2
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 General:
Traffic engineers and planners need information about traffic. They need information to design
and manage road and traffic system. To design a roadway there are specific road elements that
must be determined. Some of these are the number of lanes, lane width, median type and
width, length of acceleration and deceleration lanes for on and off ramps, need for truck
climbing lanes for roadways with steep grades, curve radii required for vehicle turning, and the
roadway alignment required to provide adequate stopping and passing sight distance
(Mannering and Kilareski 1998).
2.2 Traffic Speed Study:
Traffic speed data are needed in research, planning, designing and regulation phases of traffic
engineering and are also used in establishing priorities and schedules of traffic
improvements. The traffic engineer must acquire general knowledge of traffic speeds in order
to set different limits, setting different distances i.e. passing sight distance, stopping sight
distance etc.
2.3 Past Studies:
In the recent past, researchers have tested a wide array of technologies in an attempt to find
improved methods of monitoring traffic conditions. This research in traffic surveillance has
ranged from studies of traditional loop detection methods to the use of anti-submarine warfare
technology. AVI comprises one of but many of the areas of current research. A brief survey of
technologies explored during the past decade and a half is given below to provide an
understanding of the level of research interest in traffic surveillance technologies.
Bohnke and Pfannerstill acknowledged a need for more reliable traffic data acquisition than
localized data collection generated by traditional loop detectors (1986). The pair introduced a
pattern recognition algorithm which could utilize unique vehicle presence signatures generated
by successive series of inductance loop detectors.
Ju and Maze performed simulations on incident detection strategies using the FREQ8PE
simulation model (1989). Their research evaluated a comparison of incident detection
strategies using police patrol versus the use of motorist call boxes at 1 km spacing. The motorist
call boxes formed the backbone of the modeled freeway surveillance and control system (FSCS).
This FSCS yielded a benefit-to-cost ratio of 2.69 as it generated benefits from travel-time
reduction and reduced fuel consumption. These benefits were brought about by reduced
incident detection time afforded by the motorist call boxes.
Prior to the installation of an AVI system in Houston, a cellular phone demonstration project

was performed (Levine and McCasland, 1994). Researchers recruited 200 volunteers to
participate in the program, which required them to call a traffic information office when they
passed specific freeway locations during their morning and evening commutes. The lessons
learned from the cell phone project aided in the development of the data analysis, processing
and dissemination techniques used for the AVI system that was later constructed. In a similar
scenario, prior to installing a large-scale AVI system in the Puget Sound area, a small-scale test
of AVI was performed (Butterfield et. al., 1994). In this test, AVI was “piggy-backed” with
existing loop detectors. Results yielded an AVI detection rate of about 80% for a fleet of tag-
equipped buses.
In this brief survey, more than ten distinct traffic surveillance technologies have been identified
as the subject of research efforts since 1986. The amount of attention given to the research
field of traffic surveillance clearly suggests that a surveillance system that can provide reliable
and accurate travel time data would have great potential.
2.4 Definition of Speed:
In simple words, speed is defined as the distance travelled in a unit time. Speed is expressed
in m/s, fps, mph etc. units. Speed is given by:
V=x/t………………2.1
V=dx/dt…………………….2.2
Where,
x = Distance (mile or meter or feet)
t = Time (second or hour)
Speed acquired by using Eq 2.1 will give the average speed. If Eq 2.2 is used the
instantaneous speed will be found. Some basic terminology is mentioned below:
 Spot Speed
Spot speed is the speed of the vehicle as it passes a fixed point along a section of the
roadway. Spot speed is determined by measuring the time required for a vehicle to
traverse a specified distance along a road. Spot speed studies are conducted to draw the
speed distribution curve along a road section.
 Running Speed
Running speed is determined by dividing the total distance by the total running time
for the route. That is, all stoptime delays are excluded. Overall Speed and Running
Speed studies are conducted over a specified route for determining quality of service
between alternate routes. The main purpose of all speed studies is to obtain speed

distributions, identify hazardous areas (excess speed), accident analyses, traffic control
planning, and check geometric design. For speed studies, off-peak hours are used for
conducting surveys on open stretches of straight roads away from the influence of stop
signs, construction and signals.
 Average Speed
Average speed is the arithmetic mean of all observed vehicle speeds (which is the sum
of all spot speeds divided by the number of recorded speeds).
 Median Speed
It is the speed at the middle value in a series of spot speeds that are arranged in
ascending order. 50 percent of the speed values will be greater than the median; 50
percent will be less than the median.
 Modal Speed
It is the speed value that occurs most frequently in a sample of spot speeds.
 The ith-percentile
The ith-percentile Spot Speed which is the spot speed value below which i percent of
the vehicles travel; for example, 85th-percentile spot speed is the speed below which 85
percent of the vehicles travel and above which 15 percent of the vehicles travel.
 Pace Speed:
It is the highest speed within a specific range of speeds that represents more
vehicles than in any other like range of speed. The range of speeds typically used is 10
km/h or 10 mph.
 Design speed
Design speed is defined as the maximum safe speed that can be maintained over a
specified section of highway when conditions are so favorable that the design features
of the highway govern (ITE 1999). This definition implies that the design speed should be
selected based on drivers expectations, the type of highway and terrain and topography.
 Space-Mean-Speed (SMS)
Space-Mean-Speed is the average of vehicle speeds weighted according to how long
they remain on the section of road. Mathematically it is harmonic mean of the observed
speeds.
 Time-Mean-Speed (TMS)
The time mean speed is the arithmetic mean of spot speeds of all vehicles passing a
point during a specified interval of time.

CHAPTER 3
METHODOLOGY
3.1 General:
When we measure the traffic parameter over a short distance, we generally measure the spot
speed. A spot speed is made by measuring the individual speeds of a sample of the vehicle
passing a given spot on a street or highway. Spot speed studies are used to determine the speed
distribution of a traffic stream at a specific location. The data gathered in spot speed studies are
used to determine vehicle speed percentiles, which are useful in making many speed-related
decisions. Methods of conducting spot speed Studies are divided into two main categories:
1. Manual Method
2. Automatic method
3.2 Manual Method:
Spot speeds may be estimated by manually measuring the time it takes a vehicle to travel
between two defined points on the roadway a known distance apart (short distance), usually less
than 90m. Distance between two points is generally depending upon the average speed of traffic
stream. Following tables gives recommended study length (in meters) for various average stream
speed ranges (in kmph)
Stream Speed(kmph) Length(m)
Below 15 30
15-25 60
Above 25 90
Table 3.1: Recommended Study length for various average stream speed
Two common manual methods are described below in brief:
3.2.a. Pavement markings:
In this method, markings of pavement are placed across the road at each end of trap. Observer
start and stops the watch as vehicle passes lines. In this method, minimum two observers
required to collect the data, of which one is stand at the starting point to start and stop the
stop watch and other one is stand at end point to give indication to stop the watch when
vehicle passes the end line. Advantages of this method are that after the initial installation no
set-up time is required, markings are easily renewed, and disadvantage of this is that
substantial error can be introduced, and magnitude of error may change for substitute studies
and this method is only applicable for low traffic conditions.
Source: Dr. Tom V. Mathew, IIT Bombay, Measurement over a Short Section,
Chapter 27, Transportation System Engineering

Fig 3.1: Pavement marking
3.2. b. Enoscope or Mirror box
Enoscope consists of a simple open housing containing a mirror mounted on a tripod at the side
of the road in such a way that an observer’s li
stands at one end of section and on the other end enoscope is placed and measure the time
taken by the vehicle to cross the section (fig 6.2). Advantages of this method are that it simple
and eliminate the errors due to parallax and considerable time is required to time each vehicle,
which lengthen the study period and under heavy traffic condition it may be difficult to relate
ostentatious to proper vehicle are the disadvantages of
Figure 3.2: Enoscope Method
3.3 Automatic Method:
Automatic Traffic Recorders (ATRs) offer a quick, affordable, and
data over any period and can be presented in a range of fo
Page 7
3.2. b. Enoscope or Mirror box:
of the road in such a way that an observer’s line of sight turned through 90o. The observer
s due to parallax and considerable time is required to time each vehicle,
ostentatious to proper vehicle are the disadvantages of enoscope method.
Automatic Traffic Recorders (ATRs) offer a quick, affordable, and reliable way to collect vehicle
data over any period and can be presented in a range of formats to suit individual client
ne of sight turned through 90o. The observer
s due to parallax and considerable time is required to time each vehicle,
reliable way to collect vehicle
rmats to suit individual client

requirements. Automatic traffic count data is used for a variety of purposes to support transport
planning and design considerations. It is a highly cost effective method of collecting large volumes
of classified and/ or speed data. Accu-Traffic has always been at the forefront of the market for
collecting and presenting this data. Several automatic devices that can be used to obtain the
instantaneous speeds of vehicles at a location on a highway are now available on the market.
These automatic devices can be grouped into three main categories.
3.3. a. Road Detector (Pressure contact strips):
The pressure contact strips, either pneumatic or electric, are used to indicate the time of
entering and leaving the base length. When a vehicle passes over the tube laid at the first
reference point, an air impulse is sent, which activates an electromagnetically controlled stop
watch in the hands of the observer. When the vehicle passes over the second tube, the stop
watch automatically stops. Then the reading is noted by the observer or is auto saved into
computer. The risk of human error is reduced, and parallax error can be avoided completely.
This is the best method over short distance. It gives quite relevant data and if it is connected
through graphical recorder then it gives continuous data automatically. But Pressure contact
tubes are easily sensed by the drivers which may affect their behavior.
Fig 3.3: Pneumatic road tube method
3.3. b. Doppler-Principle Meters (Radar)
This radar meters are frequently used for measurement of spot speed.It measures speed
directly by measuring the difference in the frequency between the emitted and reflected radar
wave emitted on an oncoming vehicle. It is radar meter which is targeted to a vehicle, so the
wave, the frequency between the emitted and reflected wave that the difference is used to
calculate the speed. This is normally referred as Doppler Effect. Dynamometer actually works
based on the principle of Doppler Effect, which justifies the difference in frequency is

proportional to the speed of oncoming vehicle. Using this principle the instrument is
programmed to calculate the speed of the vehicle.
This is recent advancement in speed studies; it automatically records speed, and
employs a radar transmitter-receiver unit. The apparatus transmits high frequency
electromagnetic waves as a narrow beam towards the moving vehicle, the beam changes
its frequency depending up on the vehicle’s speed and is returned to the receiver unit.
Upon calibration spot speed of the vehicle is obtained.
Fig 3.4 : Radar Gun image
3.3. c. Electronic-Principle Detectors (Photography)
In this method a camera records the distance moved by a vehicle in a selected short time. In this
exposure of photograph should be in a constant time interval and the distance travelled by the vehicle is
measured by projecting the films during the exposure interval. The main advantage of method is that, it
gives a permanent record with 100% sample obtained. This method is quite expensive and generally
adopted in a situation where evidence is required. Even video recorder can be used which give more
accurate result.
Fig 3.5 : Photography method

3.4. The Method we followed:
Before going for the actual work we have conducted a reconnaissance survey on the previous
day of actual work. Due to lack of instruments we could not adopt any of the automatic
methods described in this chapter. We have selected the reference points where we collected
speed data according to Manual Strip method. A stopwatch was used for the experiment. The
marked area was 44 feet long. Each time the front of a car would enter the speed trap, the time
recording was started. When the car exited the speed trap, the timer was stopped.The limits
were measurements of time, in seconds, that corresponded to a measurement of speed, in
miles per hour. The time, location, weather and road conditions were also recorded. The safety
engineer was in charge of data. But if we could conduct the actual reconnaissance work then
we would have good understanding of the whole formation of the study zone.

CHAPTER 4
DATA COLLECTION
4.1 Date and time:
The survey took place on March 23, 2017. It was Thursday. Data was collected for 10
minutes, which was took place from 08.30am to 08.40am.
4.2 Weather Condition:
Sky was clear; It was a sunny morning.
4.3 Location:
The data were collected in the Panthapath road in between Panthapath to Russel Square
intersection. Eight groups were appointed to collect traffic volume data in different points
Fig 4.1: Panthapath Intersection to Russel Square Intersection (Blue dots)

4.4 Observation:
The goal of observation was to count vehicle to determine the spot speed of different type of
traffic along survey road. As a result vehicles were classified in different categories and they
were counted throughout the period.
4.5 Method and Equipment:
Traffic was counted according to Manual Strip method and for recording data a tabulated tally
sheet was prepared which come handy in recording classified vehicle count. Mobile Stop watch
was used to measure time.
4.6 Number of Enumerators:
There were 7 enumerators in the group. Every enumerator was appointed to count one or
more than one category of vehicle.

4.7 Data Collection Table:
CAR Distance(ft) Time (sec)
1 44 1.65
2 44 1.32
3 44 1.20
4 44 1.10
5 44 1.43
6 44 1.70
7 44 1.80
8 44 1.05
9 44 1.77
10 44 1.52
11 44 1.62
12 44 1.80
13 44 1.24
14 44 1.39
15 44 1.70
16 44 1.39
17 44 1.67
18 44 1.59
19 44 1.41
20 44 1.06
21 44 1.60
22 44 1.45
23 44 1.40
24 44 1.27
25 44 1.07
Table 4.1 : Travel time in 44 feet distance by car
Table 4.2: Travel time in 44 feet distance by Micro bus
MicroBus
Distance
(ft)
Time
(sec)
1 44 1.62
2 44 1.78
3 44 1.68
4 44 1.70
5 44 1.23

CNG
Distance
(ft)
Time
(sec)
1 44 1.78
2 44 1.58
3 44 1.82
4 44 1.46
5 44 1.81
6 44 1.86
7 44 1.68
8 44 1.48
9 44 1.63
10 44 1.79
Table 4.3: Travel time in 44 feet distance by CNG
Motor-
Cycle
Distance
(ft)
Time
(sec)
1 44 1.32
2 44 1.81
3 44 1.37
4 44 1.42
5 44 1.58
6 44 1.69
7 44 1.67
8 44 1.41
9 44 1.35
10 44 1.71
Table 4.4: Travel time in 44 feet distance by Motor cycle

PICK-UP
Distance
(ft)
Time
(sec)
1 44 2.69
2 44 2.45
Table 4.5 : Travel time in 44 feet distance by Pick-up
BUS
Distance
(ft)
Time
(sec)
1 44 2.36
2 44 2.21
3 44 2.25
Table 4.6: Travel time in 44 feet distance by Bus
JIP/Pajero
Distance
(ft)
Time
(sec)
1 44 1.52
2 44 1.64
Table 4.7 : Travel time in 44 feet distance by Jip/Pajero

CHAPTER 5
DATA ANALYSIS
5.1 Speed Calculation:
Data of Every group is combined and with those data Speed is calculated.
Speed (mph)=Distance travelled(ft)*0.6818/Duration(sec)
Then average speed of vehicle is calculated and those data are shown in tabular form below.
No. Vehicle Observation No. Distance Travelled (ft) Duration (sec) Speed (mph)
1 Babytaxi
Babytaxi 1 44 1.78 16.85
Babytaxi 2 44 1.58 18.99
Babytaxi 3 44 1.82 16.48
Babytaxi 4 44 1.46 20.55
Babytaxi 5 44 1.81 16.57
Babytaxi 6 44 1.86 16.13
Babytaxi 7 44 1.68 17.86
Babytaxi 8 44 1.48 20.27
Babytaxi 9 44 1.63 18.40
Babytaxi 10 44 1.79 16.76
Babytaxi 11 44 1.9 15.78
Babytaxi 12 44 2.3 13.04
Babytaxi 13 44 1.8 16.66
Babytaxi 14 44 2.2 13.63
Babytaxi 15 44 1.9 15.78
Babytaxi 16 44 1.5 19.99
Babytaxi 17 44 1.5 19.99
Babytaxi 18 44 1.8 16.66
Babytaxi 19 44 1.5 19.99
Babytaxi 20 44 1.6 18.74
Babytaxi 21 44 1.5 19.99
Babytaxi 22 44 1.8 16.66
Babytaxi 23 22 1.27 11.79
Babytaxi 24 22 1.08 13.86
Babytaxi 25 22 2.11 7.09
Babytaxi 26 22 1.27 11.79
Babytaxi 27 22 1.26 11.88
Babytaxi 28 22 1.9 7.88
Babytaxi 29 22 1.33 11.25
Babytaxi 30 22 1.87 8.00
Babytaxi 31 22 1.2 12.47
Babytaxi 32 22 0.96 15.59

Babytaxi 33 22 0.76 19.70
Babytaxi 34 22 1.03 14.53
Babytaxi 35 22 1.89 7.92
Babytaxi 36 22 1.78 8.41
Babytaxi 37 22 2.16 6.93
Babytaxi 38 22 1.49 10.05
Babytaxi 39 22 1.46 10.25
Babytaxi 40 22 2.31 6.48
Babytaxi 41 22 2.61 5.74
Babytaxi 42 22 2.25 6.67
Babytaxi 43 22 1.44 10.42
Babytaxi 44 22 2.03 7.39
Babytaxi 45 22 2.58 5.81
Babytaxi 46 22 1.15 13.04
Babytaxi 47 22 2.77 5.42
Babytaxi 48 22 2.42 6.20
Babytaxi 49 22 1.59 9.43
Babytaxi 50 22 1.24 12.10
Babytaxi 51 22 1.52 9.87
Babytaxi 52 22 1.34 11.19
Babytaxi 53 22 2.32 6.47
Babytaxi 54 22 1.38 10.87
Babytaxi 55 22 2.28 6.31
Babytaxi 56 22 1.30 11.54
Babytaxi 57 22 1.89 7.94
Babytaxi 58 22 2.56 5.86
Babytaxi 59 22 1.94 7.73
Babytaxi 60 22 1.20 12.50
Babytaxi 61 22 1.35 11.11
Babytaxi 62 22 2.02 7.43
Babytaxi 63 22 2.19 6.85
Babytaxi 64 22 2.29 6.55
1 Babytaxi
Babytaxi 65 44 6.06 4.96
Babytaxi 66 44 2.94 10.22
Babytaxi 67 44 2.81 10.70
Babytaxi 68 44 2.32 12.96
Babytaxi 69 44 2.46 12.22
Babytaxi 70 44 2.54 11.83
Babytaxi 71 44 2.6 11.56
Babytaxi 72 44 2.97 10.12
Babytaxi 73 44 3.36 8.95
Babytaxi 74 44 2.86 10.51
Babytaxi 75 44 2.56 11.74
Babytaxi 76 44 2.09 14.38

Babytaxi 77 44 2.6 11.56
Babytaxi 78 44 2.82 10.66
Babytaxi 79 44 2.64 11.39
Babytaxi 80 44 2.78 10.81
Babytaxi 81 44 3.07 9.79
Babytaxi 82 44 4.34 6.93
Babytaxi 83 44 2.55 11.79
Babytaxi 84 44 2.33 12.90
Babytaxi 85 44 2.33 12.90
Babytaxi 86 44 2.85 10.55
Babytaxi 87 44 2.41 12.47
Babytaxi 88 44 3.27 9.19
Babytaxi 89 44 3.36 8.95
Babytaxi 90 44 3.19 9.42
Babytaxi 91 44 2.5 12.02
Babytaxi 92 44 3.15 9.54
Babytaxi 93 44 2.85 10.55
Babytaxi 94 44 4.34 6.93
Babytaxi 95 44 1.98 15.18
Babytaxi 96 44 4.05 7.42
Babytaxi 97 44 4.79 6.28
Babytaxi 98 44 2.68 11.22
Babytaxi 99 44 2.4 12.53
Babytaxi 100 44 3.16 9.51
Babytaxi 101 44 3.12 9.63
Babytaxi 102 44 5.5 5.47
Babytaxi 103 44 2.53 11.88
Babytaxi 104 44 2.62 11.47
Babytaxi 105 44 2.25 13.36
Babytaxi 106 44 2.54 11.83
Babytaxi 107 44 7.44 4.04
Babytaxi 108 44 2.25 13.36
Babytaxi 109 44 2.42 12.42
Babytaxi 110 22 1.43 10.49
Babytaxi 111 22 1.55 9.68
Babytaxi 112 22 1.4 10.71
1 Babytaxi Babytaxi 113 22 2.09 7.18
Babytaxi 114 22 1.45 10.34
Babytaxi 115 22 1.73 8.67
Babytaxi 116 22 0.9 16.67
Babytaxi 117 22 1.19 12.61
Babytaxi 118 22 1.39 10.79
Babytaxi 119 22 1.45 10.34
Babytaxi 120 44 1.96 15.31
Babytaxi 121 44 2.5 12
Babytaxi 122 44 2.38 12.61

Babytaxi 123 44 2.15 13.95
Babytaxi 124 44 2.4 12.5
Babytaxi 125 44 1.96 15.31
Babytaxi 126 44 2.4 12.5
Babytaxi 127 44 2.7 11.11
Babytaxi 128 44 2.84 10.56
Babytaxi 129 44 2.2 13.64
Babytaxi 130 44 1.65 18.18
Babytaxi 131 44 2.26 13.27
Babytaxi 132 44 2.79 10.75
Babytaxi 133 44 3.1 9.68
Babytaxi 134 44 1.65 18.18
Babytaxi 135 44 2.87 10.45
Babytaxi 136 44 2.46 12.2
Babytaxi 137 44 2.59 11.58
Babytaxi 138 44 2.1 14.29
Babytaxi 139 44 3.24 9.26
Babytaxi 140 44 3 10
Babytaxi 141 22 1.8 8.33
Babytaxi 142 22 2 7.5
Babytaxi 143 22 1.8 8.33
Babytaxi 144 22 1.5 10
Babytaxi 145 22 2 7.5
Babytaxi 146 22 2 7.5
Babytaxi 147 22 1.3 11.54
Babytaxi 148 22 2.6 5.77
Babytaxi 149 22 1.2 12.5
Babytaxi 150 22 1.2 12.5
Babytaxi 152 22 1.3 11.54
Babytaxi 153 22 1.2 12.5
Babytaxi 154 22 1.8 8.33
Babytaxi 157 22 1.3 11.54
Babytaxi 158 22 1.2 12.5
Babytaxi 159 22 1.22 12.3
Babytaxi 161 22 1.75 8.57
1 Babytaxi Babytaxi 162 22 2.1 7.14
Babytaxi 163 22 1.8 8.33
Babytaxi 164 22 1.3 11.54
Car/Taxi 1 44 1.65 18.18
Car/Taxi 2 44 1.32 22.73
Car/Taxi 3 44 1.20 25.00
Car/Taxi 4 44 1.10 27.27

2 Car/Taxi
Car/Taxi 5 44 1.43 20.98
Car/Taxi 6 44 1.70 17.65
Car/Taxi 7 44 1.80 16.67
Car/Taxi 8 44 1.05 28.57
Car/Taxi 9 44 1.77 16.95
Car/Taxi 10 44 1.52 19.74
Car/Taxi 11 44 1.62 18.52
Car/Taxi 12 44 1.80 16.67
Car/Taxi 13 44 1.24 24.19
Car/Taxi 14 44 1.39 21.58
Car/Taxi 15 44 1.70 17.65
Car/Taxi 16 44 1.39 21.58
Car/Taxi 17 44 1.67 17.96
Car/Taxi 18 44 1.59 18.87
Car/Taxi 19 44 1.41 21.28
Car/Taxi 20 44 1.06 28.30
Car/Taxi 21 44 1.60 18.75
Car/Taxi 22 44 1.45 20.69
Car/Taxi 23 44 1.40 21.43
Car/Taxi 24 44 1.27 23.62
Car/Taxi 25 44 1.07 28.04
Car/Taxi 26 44 2.17 13.82
Car/Taxi 27 44 1.94 15.46
Car/Taxi 28 44 2 14.99
Car/Taxi 29 44 1.61 18.63
Car/Taxi 30 44 1.13 26.54
Car/Taxi 31 44 1.96 15.30
Car/Taxi 32 44 1.32 22.72
Car/Taxi 33 44 1.75 17.14
Car/Taxi 34 44 2.27 13.21
Car/Taxi 35 44 2.02 14.85
Car/Taxi 36 44 1.31 22.89
Car/Taxi 37 44 1.81 16.57
Car/Taxi 38 44 1.51 19.86
Car/Taxi 39 44 1.82 16.48
Car/Taxi 40 44 2.12 14.15
Car/Taxi 41 22 1.83 8.20
Car/Taxi 42 22 1.69 8.88
Car/Taxi 43 22 1.49 10.07
Car/Taxi 44 22 1.18 12.71
2 Car/Taxi Car/Taxi 45 22 2.19 6.85
Car/Taxi 46 22 2.18 6.88
Car/Taxi 47 22 3.54 4.24
Car/Taxi 48 22 2.64 5.68
Car/Taxi 49 22 2.25 6.67
Car/Taxi 50 22 1.56 9.62

Car/Taxi 51 22 1.42 10.56
Car/Taxi 52 22 1.76 8.52
Car/Taxi 53 22 2.69 5.58
Car/Taxi 54 22 3.04 4.93
Car/Taxi 55 22 1.22 12.30
Car/Taxi 56 22 1.28 11.72
Car/Taxi 57 22 1.23 12.19
Car/Taxi 58 22 1.16 12.93
Car/Taxi 59 22 1.25 12.0
Car/Taxi 60 22 1.68 8.93
Car/Taxi 61 22 2.02 7.43
Car/Taxi 62 22 1.89 7.84
Car/Taxi 63 22 1.52 9.87
Car/Taxi 64 22 1.64 9.15
Car/Taxi 65 22 1.79 8.98
2 Car/Taxi Car/Taxi 66 44 2 15.03
Car/Taxi 67 44 1 30.06
Car/Taxi 68 44 2 15.03
Car/Taxi 69 44 4 7.52
Car/Taxi 70 44 1 30.06
Car/Taxi 71 44 3 10.02
Car/Taxi 72 44 2 15.03
Car/Taxi 73 44 2.62 11.47
Car/Taxi 74 44 2 15.03
Car/Taxi 75 44 1 30.06
Car/Taxi 76 44 1 30.06
Car/Taxi 77 44 2 15.03
Car/Taxi 78 44 1 30.06
Car/Taxi 79 44 3 10.02
Car/Taxi 80 44 4 7.52
Car/Taxi 81 44 2 15.03
Car/Taxi 82 44 1 30.06
Car/Taxi 83 44 2 15.03
Car/Taxi 84 44 2 15.03
Car/Taxi 85 44 2 15.03
Car/Taxi 86 44 1.5 20.04
Car/Taxi 87 44 1 30.06
Car/Taxi 88 44 2 15.03
Car/Taxi 89 44 1 30.06
Car/Taxi 90 44 1.9 15.82
Car/Taxi 91 44 1.62 18.56
Car/Taxi 92 44 1.92 15.66
Car/Taxi 93 44 2.94 10.22
Car/Taxi 94 44 2.43 12.37
Car/Taxi 95 44 2.55 11.79
Car/Taxi 96 44 2.17 13.85

Car/Taxi 97 44 2.56 11.74
Car/Taxi 98 44 1.46 20.59
Car/Taxi 99 44 2.04 14.74
Car/Taxi 100 22 1.025 14.63
Car/Taxi 101 22 0.865 17.34
Car/Taxi 102 22 1.21 12.4
Car/Taxi 103 22 1.235 12.15
2 Car/Taxi Car/Taxi 104 22 1.495 10.03
Car/Taxi 105 22 1.29 11.63
Car/Taxi 106 22 1.3 11.54
Car/Taxi 107 22 1.29 11.63
Car/Taxi 108 22 1.16 12.93
Car/Taxi 109 22 1.23 12.2
Car/Taxi 110 22 1.15 13.04
Car/Taxi 111 22 1.76 8.52
Car/Taxi 112 44 2 15
Car/Taxi 113 44 1.73 17.34
Car/Taxi 114 44 2 15
Car/Taxi 115 44 1.18 25.42
Car/Taxi 116 44 2.14 14.02
Car/Taxi 117 44 2 15
Car/Taxi 118 44 3.15 9.52
Car/Taxi 119 44 2.5 12
Car/Taxi 120 44 2.2 13.64
Car/Taxi 121 44 2.46 12.2
Car/Taxi 122 44 2 15
Car/Taxi 123 44 2 15
Car/Taxi 124 44 1.9 15.79
Car/Taxi 125 44 1.84 16.3
Car/Taxi 126 44 2.5 12
Car/Taxi 127 22 1.3 11.54
Car/Taxi 128 22 1.9 7.89
2 Car/Taxi Car/Taxi 129 22 1.7 8.82
Car/Taxi 130 22 2.2 6.82
Car/Taxi 131 22 1.1 13.64
Car/Taxi 132 22 1 15
Car/Taxi 133 22 2 7.5
Car/Taxi 134 22 1 15
Car/Taxi 135 22 1.2 12.5
Car/Taxi 136 22 0.9 16.67
Car/Taxi 137 22 0.7 21.43
Car/Taxi 138 22 2.1 7.14
Car/Taxi 139 22 1.2 12.5
Car/Taxi 140 22 1.35 11.09
Car/Taxi 141 22 1.8 8.32
Car/Taxi 142 22 1.72 8.70

Car/Taxi 143 22 2.1 7.13
Car/Taxi 144 22 1.1 13.61
Car/Taxi 145 22 1.05 14.26
Car/Taxi 146 22 1.9 7.88
Car/Taxi 147 22 1.2 12.47
Car/Taxi 148 22 1.15 13.02
Car/Taxi 149 22 0.9 16.63
Car/Taxi 150 22 0.7 21.38
Car/Taxi 151 22 1.8 8.32
Car/Taxi 152 22 1.16 12.90
Car/Taxi 153 22 1 14.97
Car/Taxi 154 22 1.15 13.02
Car/Taxi 155 22 1.42 10.54
Car/Taxi 156 22 1.8 8.32
Car/Taxi 157 22 1.05 14.26
Car/Taxi 158 22 1.35 11.09
Car/Taxi 159 22 1.5 9.98
Car/Taxi 160 22 1.39 10.77
Car/Taxi 161 22 1.21 12.37
Car/Taxi 162 22 1.6 9.36
Car/Taxi 163 22 1.67 8.96
3 Bus Bus 1 44 2.36 12.71
Bus 2 44 2.21 13.57
Bus 3 44 2.25 13.33
Bus 4 44 3.9 7.69
Bus 5 44 2.77 10.83
Bus 6 44 2.64 11.36
Bus 7 44 2.81 10.67
Bus 8 44 2.92 10.27
Bus 9 22 5.47 2.74
Bus 10 22 2.52 5.95
Bus 11 22 3.39 4.42
Bus 12 22 2.91 5.15
Bus 13 22 2.37 6.33
3 Bus Bus 14 44 2.95 10.19
Bus 15 44 3.08 9.76
Bus 16 44 3.34 9.00
Bus 17 44 3.22 9.34
Bus 18 44 6.2 4.85
Bus 19 44 2.5 12.02
Bus 20 44 2.55 11.79
Bus 21 44 2.49 12.07
Bus 22 22 0.82 18.29
Bus 23 22 0.79 18.99
Bus 24 22 1.29 11.63
Bus 25 22 1.65 9.09

Bus 26 22 1.39 10.79
Bus 27 22 1.43 10.49
Bus 28 22 1.2 12.5
Bus 29 22 1.07 14.02
Bus 30 22 0.6 25
Bus 31 22 1.46 10.27
Bus 32 44 3 10
Bus 33 44 2.9 10.34
Bus 34 44 1.98 15.15
Bus 35 44 2.32 12.93
Bus 36 22 2.2 6.82
Bus 37 22 2.1 7.14
Bus 38 22 1.06 14.12
3 Bus Bus 39 22 2 7.48
Bus 40 22 1.89 7.92
Bus 41 22 1.2 12.47
Bus 42 22 1.22 12.27
Bus 43 22 1.18 12.69
4 Truck Truck 1 44 2.66 11.27
5 Microbus Microbus 1 44 1.62 18.52
Microbus 2 44 1.78 16.85
Microbus 3 44 1.68 17.86
Microbus 4 44 1.70 17.65
Microbus 5 44 1.23 24.39
Microbus 6 44 1.5 19.99
Microbus 7 44 1.3 23.07
Microbus 8 44 1.4 21.42
Microbus 9 44 1.2 24.99
Microbus 10 44 1.9 15.78
Microbus 11 22 1.9 7.89
Microbus 12 22 2.65 5.66
Microbus 13 22 1.82 8.24
Microbus 14 22 1.87 8.02
Microbus 15 22 1.64 4.57
Microbus 16 22 2.57 5.84
Microbus 17 22 1.38 10.87
Microbus 18 22 1.65 9.09
Microbus 19 44 2.23 13.48
Microbus 20 44 2.62 11.47
Microbus 21 44 2.42 12.42
Microbus 22 44 3.53 8.52
Microbus 23 44 1.52 19.78
Microbus 24 44 2.16 13.92
Microbus 25 44 1.78 16.89
Microbus 26 44 1.9 15.82
5 Microbus Microbus 27 22 1.26 11.9

Microbus 28 22 0.95 15.79
Microbus 29 22 1.12 13.39
Microbus 30 22 1.3 11.54
Microbus 31 22 1.26 11.9
Microbus 32 22 1.33 11.28
Microbus 33 22 1.23 12.2
Microbus 34 22 1.35 11.11
Microbus 35 22 1.23 12.2
Microbus 36 22 1.65 9.09
Microbus 37 22 1.3 11.54
Microbus 38 22 0.85 17.65
Microbus 39 22 1.12 13.39
Microbus 40 22 1.25 12
Microbus 41 22 1.35 11.11
Microbus 42 22 1.65 9.09
Microbus 43 22 1.35 11.11
Microbus 44 22 1.35 11.11
6 Motorcycle
Motorcycle 1 44 1.32 22.73
Motorcycle 2 44 1.81 16.57
Motorcycle 3 44 1.37 21.90
Motorcycle 4 44 1.42 21.13
Motorcycle 5 44 1.58 18.99
Motorcycle 6 44 1.69 17.75
Motorcycle 7 44 1.67 17.96
Motorcycle 8 44 1.41 21.28
Motorcycle 9 44 1.35 22.22
Motorcycle 10 44 1.71 17.54
Motorcycle 11 44 1.00 29.99
Motorcycle 12 44 1.06 28.29
Motorcycle 13 44 1.21 24.78
Motorcycle 14 44 1.26 23.80
Motorcycle 15 44 0.95 31.57
Motorcycle 16 44 1.60 18.74
Motorcycle 17 44 1.52 19.73
Motorcycle 18 44 1.43 20.97
Motorcycle 19 44 1.42 21.12
Motorcycle 20 44 1.77 16.94
Motorcycle 21 44 1.66 18.06
Motorcycle 22 44 2.06 14.56
6 Motorcycle
Motorcycle 23 22 1.44 10.42
Motorcycle 24 22 1.20 12.50
Motorcycle 25 22 1.17 12.82
Motorcycle 26 22 1.36 11.03
Motorcycle 27 22 1.14 13.16
Motorcycle 28 22 1.49 10.07
Motorcycle 29 22 1.93 7.77

Motorcycle 30 22 1.58 9.49
Motorcycle 31 22 2.10 7.14
Motorcycle 32 22 1.96 7.65
Motorcycle 33 22 1.34 11.19
Motorcycle 34 22 1.53 9.80
Motorcycle 35 22 1.53 9.80
Motorcycle 36 22 1.56 9.62
Motorcycle 37 44 2.51 11.98
Motorcycle 38 44 2.09 14.38
Motorcycle 39 44 1.85 16.25
Motorcycle 40 44 1.89 15.90
Motorcycle 41 44 1.55 19.39
Motorcycle 42 44 1.64 18.33
Motorcycle 43 44 1.96 15.34
Motorcycle 44 44 1.95 15.42
Motorcycle 45 44 1.35 22.27
Motorcycle 46 44 1.67 18.00
Motorcycle 47 44 1.79 16.79
Motorcycle 48 44 1.33 22.60
Motorcycle 49 44 1.68 17.89
Motorcycle 50 44 1.64 18.33
Motorcycle 51 44 2.12 14.18
Motorcycle 52 44 1.78 16.89
Motorcycle 53 44 1.75 17.18
Motorcycle 54 44 1.56 19.27
Motorcycle 55 44 1.98 15.18
Motorcycle 56 44 3.02 9.95
Motorcycle 57 44 1.4 21.47
Motorcycle 58 44 0.96 31.31
Motorcycle 59 44 1.84 16.34
Motorcycle 60 44 1.76 17.08
Motorcycle 61 44 1.48 20.31
Motorcycle 62 44 1.48 20.31
Motorcycle 63 44 1.362 22.07
Motorcycle 64 44 1.36 22.10
Motorcycle 65 44 1.89 15.90
Motorcycle 66 44 1.85 16.25
Motorcycle 67 44 1.73 17.38
Motorcycle 68 44 2.05 14.66
6 Motorcycle Motorcycle 69 22 0.56 26.79
Motorcycle 70 22 1.86 8.06
Motorcycle 71 22 0.86 17.44
Motorcycle 72 22 0.7 21.43
Motorcycle 73 22 1.22 12.3
Motorcycle 74 22 1.7 8.82
Motorcycle 75 22 1.16 12.93

Motorcycle 76 22 1.65 9.09
Motorcycle 77 22 1.13 13.27
Motorcycle 78 22 1.3 11.54
Motorcycle 79 44 2.5 12
Motorcycle 82 44 3.33 9.01
Motorcycle 83 44 2.2 13.64
Motorcycle 84 44 2.3 13.04
Motorcycle 85 22 0.9 16.67
Motorcycle 86 22 0.9 16.67
Motorcycle 87 22 1.3 11.54
Motorcycle 90 22 1.29 11.63
Motorcycle 91 22 1.65 9.09
Motorcycle 92 22 1.39 10.79
Motorcycle 93 22 1.43 10.49
6 Motorcycle Motorcycle 94 22 1.2 12.5
Motorcycle 95 22 1.07 14.02
Motorcycle 97 22 1.46 10.27
Motorcycle 98 1.49 22 10.05
Motorcycle 99 0.81 22 18.48
Motorcycle 100 0.91 22 16.45
Motorcycle 101 0.72 22 20.79
Motorcycle 102 1.09 22 13.73
Motorcycle 103 1.09 22 13.73
Motorcycle 104 1.29 22 11.60
Motorcycle 105 1.03 22 14.53
Motorcycle 106 0.5 22 29.94
Motorcycle 107 0.85 22 17.61
Motorcycle 108 0.93 22 16.10
Motorcycle 109 0.93 22 16.10
7 Pickup
Pickup 1 44 2.69 11.15
Pickup 2 44 2.45 12.24
Pickup 3 44 2.07 14.49
Pickup 4 44 2.35 12.76
Pickup 5 44 2.58 11.62
Pickup 6 44 1.93 15.54
Pickup 7 44 1.78 16.85
Pickup 8 22 1.52 9.87
Pickup 9 22 2.05 7.32
Pickup 10 22 1.28 11.72
Pickup 11 22 1.94 7.73
Pickup 12 22 2.33 9.44

Pickup 13 22 1.54 9.74
Pickup 14 22 2.39 6.28
Pickup 15 22 1.85 8.11
Pickup 16 22 2.32 6.47
Pickup 17 22 1.5 10
Pickup 18 22 1.19 12.61
Pickup 19 22 0.85 17.65
Pickup 20 22 1.5 10
Pickup 21 22 1.42 10.56
Pickup 22 22 1.06 14.15
Pickup 23 22 1.08 13.89
Pickup 24 22 1.03 14.56
Pickup 25 22 2.2 6.82
Pickup 26 22 1.5 10
Pickup 27 22 1.2 12.5
Pickup 28 22 1.1 13.64
Pickup 29 22 1.45 10.34
Pickup 30 22 1.03 14.56
Pickup 31 22 1.5 10
8 Ambulance Ambulance 1 44 3.20 9.37
Ambulance 2 22 1.05 14.29
Ambulance 3 22 1.22 12.3
Ambulance 4 22 1.42 10.56
Ambulance 5 22 2.5 6
Ambulance 6 22 0.99 15.15
9 Jeep/Pajero
Jeep/Pajero 1 44 1.52 19.74
Jeep/Pajero 2 44 1.64 18.29
Jeep/Pajero 3 44 1.74 17.23
Jeep/Pajero 4 44 1.67 17.96
Jeep/Pajero 5 44 2.04 14.70
Jeep/Pajero 6 44 2.42 12.39
Jeep/Pajero 7 44 2.31 12.98
10 Utility vehicle Utility vehicle 1 22 1.32 11.36
Utility vehicle 2 22 0.65 23.08
Utility vehicle 3 22 3 5
Utility vehicle 5 22 0.75 20
Table 5.1: Speed Calculation of different vehicles

Table 5.2: Average speed and time of different vehicles
5.2 Weighted Average Speed Calculation:
Speed range
(mph)
No of vehicles
observed (f)
Mid speed V
(mph)
%
Frequency
Cumulative
% Frequency
V×f
2-5 9 3.5 1.55 1.55 31.5
5-8 66 6.5 11.40 12.95 429
8-11 118 9.5 20.38 33.33 1121
11-14 160 12.5 27.63 60.97 2000
14-17 101 15.5 17.44 78.41 1565.5
17-20 59 18.5 10.19 88.60 1091.5
20-23 35 21.5 6.04 94.65 752.5
23-26 12 24.5 2.07 96.72 294
26-29 7 27.5 1.21 97.93 192.5
29-32 12 30.5 2.07 100.00 366
∑ = 579 ∑ × =7843.5
From the above table ,
Weighted average speed =
∑ ×
∑
=
.
= 13.55mph
Vehicle Babytaxi Car/Taxi Bus Truck Microbus Motorcycle Pickup Ambulance Jeep/Pajero
Utility
Vehicle
Average
Speed
(mph)
11.53 14.90 11.65 11.27 13.42 16.25 11.37 11.28 16.18 14.54
Average
Time(sec)
2.15 1.69 2.32 2.66 1.63 1.50 1.70 1.73 1.91 1.35

5.3 Histogram, Frequency Curve and Cumulative
Fig 5.1 : Histogram showing No. of vehicles and speed range
9
66
118
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
2-5 5-8 8-11
No
of
Vehicles
Page
30
5.3 Histogram, Frequency Curve and Cumulative Frequency Curve:
Fig 5.1 : Histogram showing No. of vehicles and speed range
118
160
101
59
35
12
11 11-14 14-17 17-20 20-23 23-26 26
Speed Range (mph)
Histogram
7
12
26-29 29-32

Fig 5.2 : % Frequency vs Spot Speed Graph
From fig 5.2:
Modal speed (speed at the highest frequency) = 12.8 mph
Pace (range of speed) = 7-17 mph
1.55
11.40
20.38
0.00
5.00
10.00
15.00
20.00
25.00
30.00
3 8
%
Frequency
Page
31
Fig 5.2 : % Frequency vs Spot Speed Graph
Modal speed (speed at the highest frequency) = 12.8 mph
17 mph
27.63
17.44
10.19
6.04
2.07
13 18 23
Spot Speed (mph)
Frequency Curve
Modal Speed= 12.8 mph
Pace= 7-17 mph
1.21
2.07
28
12.8 mph
17 mph

Fig 5.3: Cumulative % Frequency vs Spot Speed Graph
From fig 5.3:
Design speed (98th
percentile) = 29 mph
Safe speed (85th
percentile) = 17.8 mph
Speed limits upper (15th
to 85th
percentile) =7 mph ~ 17.8 mph
5.4 Discussion on spot speed:
There were a large variety of speeds in the roadway we studied. It was understood when we
took data from the field. At first we assumed that the representative vehicles will fulfill our
desire of study but afterwards we felt the shortcomings of our assumptions. The percentage
frequency curve and the cumulative percentage frequency curve was smooth enough. And
from the charts we could calculate the modal speed, pace and different percentile speeds
flexibly.
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
3 8
Cumulative
%
Speed Cumulative Frequency Curve
15th percentile=7 mph
98th percentile= 29 mph
Page
32
Cumulative % Frequency vs Spot Speed Graph
percentile) = 29 mph
percentile) = 17.8 mph
percentile) =7 mph ~ 17.8 mph
Discussion on spot speed:
of speeds in the roadway we studied. It was understood when we
ency curve and the cumulative percentage frequency curve was smooth enough. And
13 18 23 28
Spot Speed (mph)
Cumulative Frequency Curve
15th percentile=7 mph
85th percentile=17.8
mph
98th percentile= 29 mph
of speeds in the roadway we studied. It was understood when we
ency curve and the cumulative percentage frequency curve was smooth enough. And
28 33

CHAPTER 6
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
6.1 General:
This chapter discusses on the results obtained from the analysis and their importance. This report
presented all possible analysis by the data collected from field survey.
6.2 Results from Data Analysis in tabular form:
Weighted average speed 13.55 mph
Modal speed (speed at the highest
frequency)
12.8 mph
Pace (range of speed) 7-17 mph
Design speed (98th
percentile) 29 mph
Safe speed (85th
percentile) 17.8 mph
Speed limits upper (15th
to 85th
percentile) 7-17.8 mph
6.3 Limitation:
 We collected data for representative portion of traffic stream. However if it was
possible to collect data for each and every type of vehicle then a better scenario could
have been presented.
 There was no free flow condition present continuously which interrupted the
experiment.
 We got the data of a specific portion of a day on a particular day. But it obviously
doesn’t represent the total traffic stream in actual condition.
6.4 Recommendations:
There are some recommendations based on the study took place. They are as follows-
NMT or electrical low speed vehicles should not be permitted in this type of arterial road.
Although they typically travel on the left lane but they create a drag force which slows down
the high speed vehicles which creates congestion.
Bicycle should have specific lanes of their own which typically is placed beside the
footpath/shoulder. But there was not any specific lane in the road we studied. So it is
recommended that a lane system should be introduced to increase efficiency of the road at
the same time there should be a bicycle specific lane.

6.5 Scope for Further Study:
The present study is focused mainly on traffic speed only. Various other experiments could
be conducted depending on the data we had in out possession. However due to lack of time
we conduct those extensive experiments and it is suggested that those studies should be
conducted in future to have a good understanding of the traffic condition of the roadway we
studied in this time.

References
 https://www.cambridgema.gov/traffic/engineeringplanning/speedstudies,
accessed on 06 April,2017, Time:11.00 pm
 https://www.codot.gov/projects/contextsensitivesolutions/design/design-
speed-study/designspeedstudy-appendix-a.pdf/view, accessed on 06 April,2017,
Time:11.00 pm
 http://civilengineeringlaboratory.blogspot.com/2012/02/spot-speed-
study.html, accessed on 07 April,2017, Time:12.00 pm
 http://www.civil.iitb.ac.in/tvm/1111_nptel/522_TrSpeed/plain/, accessed on 07
April,2017, Time: 10:00 pm
 http://www.ctre.iastate.edu/pubs/traffichandbook/ , accessed on 07 April,2017,
Time :12.00 pm
 https://prezi.com/s8f7bimrk5ul/spot-speed-study/ , accessed on 08 April,2017,
Time : 03:30 pm
 https://www.civil.iitb.ac.in/tvm/1111_nptel/522_TrSpeed/fancy.pdf, accessed
on 08 April,2017 Time :10:00 pm
 [American Society of Civil Engineers The Twelfth COTA International Conference
of Transportation Professionals - Beijing, China (August 3-6, 2012)] CICTP 2012 -
Study on Average Travel Speed in Road Network Calculated by Floating Car Data
in Different Sample First page:393,Last page:401
 [American Society of Civil Engineers Ninth International Conference on
Applications of Advanced Technology in Transportation (AATT) - Chicago, Illinois,
United States (August 13-16, 2006)] Applications of Advanced Technology in
Transportation - A Case Study on Measuring Travel Time, Speed, and Delay Using
GPS-Instrumented Test Vehicles
 Nicholas J Garber Lester A Hoe, Traffic and Highway Engineering. Cengage
Learning Product, Fourth Edition, 2009.
 Dr. Tom V. Mathew, IIT Bombay, Measurement over a Short Section, Chapter 27,
Transportation System Engineering.
 CE 351 Class note by Professor, Dr. Md. Shamsul Hoque.

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A Report On Spot Speed Study Course No CE 454 Course Title Transportation Engineering Sessional II