Power electronic interface has reached a new level in the area of hybrid energy integration nowadays. The existence for the concept of hybrid energy integration is truly questionable without a proper power electronic interface. In this paper, a modified dual input DC-DC converter which is capable of incorporating two distinct V-I characteristic sources such as solar-PV, battery, fuel cell, etc., is proposed. The converter has the ability to operate in both unidirectional and bidirectional mode with buck, buck-boost and boost operation. The software simulation of the proposed converter has been conducted in MATLAB/Simulink platform in a detailed manner and an experimental prototype of the propsed converter has been built to validate the simulation results.
Dual input dc-dc converters have two input voltage sources or one input source and an energy storage system like ultra capacitor, PV, battery, super capacitors and a single output load. In order to process the power in hybrid energy systems using reduced part count, researchers have proposed several multi-input dc-dc power converter topologies to transfer power from different input voltage sources to the output. This paper compares non-isolated dual-input converter topologies topologically ,based on the components count, various fields of application and different modes of operation for hybrid systems mainly used in electric vehicles and renewable energy systems composed of energy storage systems (ESSs) with different voltage-current characteristics. Dual input dc-dc converter topologies considered in this paper are investigated using MATLAB and PSIM software and output voltage and inductor current waveforms are shown.
New Hybrid Structure Based on Improved Switched Inductor Z-Source and Paralle...IJPEDS-IAES
Nowadays, more and more distributed generations and renewable energy
sources, such as wind, solar and tidal power, are connected to the public grid
by the means of power inverters. They often form microgrids before being
connected to the public grid. Due to the availability of high current power
electronic devices, it is inevitable to use several inverters in parallel for highpower
and/or low-cost applications. So, inverters should beconnected in
parallel to provide system redundancy and high reliability, which are
important for critical customers. In this paper, the modeling, designing and
stability analysis of parallel-connected three-phaseinverters are derived for
application in renewable energy systems. To enlarge voltage adjustability,
the proposed inverter employs an improved switched inductor Z-source
impedance network to couple the main circuit and the power source.
Compared with the classical Z-source inverter (ZSI) and switched inductor
Z-source inverter (SL-ZSI), the proposed inverter significantly increases the
voltage boost inversion ability and also can increase the power capacity and
the reliability of inverter systems. The proposed topology and its
performances are validated using simulation results which are obtained in
Matlab/Simulink.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Power management by using multiport dc – dc converter for renewable energyeSAT Journals
Abstract
This paper proposes, power management of different types of renewable energy source is controlled by multiport DC-DC
converter. In this each port of the converter is connected with controller switch to control the source input of converter. This is
reduces the turn off switching losses by soft switching. The high frequency switches are used to control the power flow. This
converter is proposed to control the hybrid energy generating system, with the ability of bidirectional power flow between battery
and load. The diode bridge rectifier is applicable for high switching frequency operation with realizable component compare with
existing converter. The efficiency of the converter is verified through MATLAB simulation. The operation and design performance
is explained briefly. The proposed converter has reliability operate simultaneous power generation from different renewable
energy source. Fuzzy controller controls the direction of power flow and load voltage of the converter.
Keywords: Isolator, high frequency link, soft switching, multiport converter, PV panel, wind turbine generator (WTG
Performance enhancement of DC/DC converters for solar powered EV IJECEIAES
The paper initially presents the essential drive arrangement required for electric vehicle. It requests high power bidirectional stream ability, with wide info voltage range, and yield voltage of vitality stockpiling gadgets, for example, super capacitors or batteries shift with the adjustment in stack. At that point the tenacity and outline of previously mentioned converter is proposed in this paper. The converter which relates a half extension topology, has high power stream ability and least gadget focuses on that can appropriately interface a super capacitor with the drive prepare of a crossover electric vehicle. Besides, by contrasting the fundamental qualities and applications with some ordinary bidirectional DC/DC converter, the proposed converter has low gadget rating and can be controlled by obligation cycle and stage move. Finally, the most essential attributes of this converter is that it utilizes the transformer spillage inductance as the essential vitality exchange component and control parameters, Simulation waveforms in light of MATLAB recreation are given to exhibit the integrity of this novel topology, and this converter is additionally reasonable for high power application, specifically to control the charge-release of super capacitors or batteries that can be utilized as a part of cross breed solar based electric vehicle.
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
Dual input dc-dc converters have two input voltage sources or one input source and an energy storage system like ultra capacitor, PV, battery, super capacitors and a single output load. In order to process the power in hybrid energy systems using reduced part count, researchers have proposed several multi-input dc-dc power converter topologies to transfer power from different input voltage sources to the output. This paper compares non-isolated dual-input converter topologies topologically ,based on the components count, various fields of application and different modes of operation for hybrid systems mainly used in electric vehicles and renewable energy systems composed of energy storage systems (ESSs) with different voltage-current characteristics. Dual input dc-dc converter topologies considered in this paper are investigated using MATLAB and PSIM software and output voltage and inductor current waveforms are shown.
New Hybrid Structure Based on Improved Switched Inductor Z-Source and Paralle...IJPEDS-IAES
Nowadays, more and more distributed generations and renewable energy
sources, such as wind, solar and tidal power, are connected to the public grid
by the means of power inverters. They often form microgrids before being
connected to the public grid. Due to the availability of high current power
electronic devices, it is inevitable to use several inverters in parallel for highpower
and/or low-cost applications. So, inverters should beconnected in
parallel to provide system redundancy and high reliability, which are
important for critical customers. In this paper, the modeling, designing and
stability analysis of parallel-connected three-phaseinverters are derived for
application in renewable energy systems. To enlarge voltage adjustability,
the proposed inverter employs an improved switched inductor Z-source
impedance network to couple the main circuit and the power source.
Compared with the classical Z-source inverter (ZSI) and switched inductor
Z-source inverter (SL-ZSI), the proposed inverter significantly increases the
voltage boost inversion ability and also can increase the power capacity and
the reliability of inverter systems. The proposed topology and its
performances are validated using simulation results which are obtained in
Matlab/Simulink.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Power management by using multiport dc – dc converter for renewable energyeSAT Journals
Abstract
This paper proposes, power management of different types of renewable energy source is controlled by multiport DC-DC
converter. In this each port of the converter is connected with controller switch to control the source input of converter. This is
reduces the turn off switching losses by soft switching. The high frequency switches are used to control the power flow. This
converter is proposed to control the hybrid energy generating system, with the ability of bidirectional power flow between battery
and load. The diode bridge rectifier is applicable for high switching frequency operation with realizable component compare with
existing converter. The efficiency of the converter is verified through MATLAB simulation. The operation and design performance
is explained briefly. The proposed converter has reliability operate simultaneous power generation from different renewable
energy source. Fuzzy controller controls the direction of power flow and load voltage of the converter.
Keywords: Isolator, high frequency link, soft switching, multiport converter, PV panel, wind turbine generator (WTG
Performance enhancement of DC/DC converters for solar powered EV IJECEIAES
The paper initially presents the essential drive arrangement required for electric vehicle. It requests high power bidirectional stream ability, with wide info voltage range, and yield voltage of vitality stockpiling gadgets, for example, super capacitors or batteries shift with the adjustment in stack. At that point the tenacity and outline of previously mentioned converter is proposed in this paper. The converter which relates a half extension topology, has high power stream ability and least gadget focuses on that can appropriately interface a super capacitor with the drive prepare of a crossover electric vehicle. Besides, by contrasting the fundamental qualities and applications with some ordinary bidirectional DC/DC converter, the proposed converter has low gadget rating and can be controlled by obligation cycle and stage move. Finally, the most essential attributes of this converter is that it utilizes the transformer spillage inductance as the essential vitality exchange component and control parameters, Simulation waveforms in light of MATLAB recreation are given to exhibit the integrity of this novel topology, and this converter is additionally reasonable for high power application, specifically to control the charge-release of super capacitors or batteries that can be utilized as a part of cross breed solar based electric vehicle.
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
Hybrid Two Quasi Z-Source Converter for Photovoltaic ApplicationPremier Publishers
This paper presents a Hybrid Two Quasi Z-source (HTQZS) DC-DC converter for photovoltaic applications. These are mainly employed to full fill the demand of the voltage boost in photovoltaic applications from the lower value voltage. The traditional z source networks have some limitations in voltage boosting, so the modified z source means the different combination of the LC components is combined to form the hybrid quasi z source networks. This hybrid two quasi z source dc-dc converters can be applied for the dc-ac, ac-ac, and ac-dc conversions. The structure of the proposed converter is simpler. This converter adds the benefits to the traditional z source converter. This converter draws the continuous input current. The converter simulated is the combination of two different quasi z source networks. This converter uses the duty cycle less than the traditional z source network and gives the more gain than that. PV panel used as source to converter and then the output is inverted and step up.
Non Isolated Bidirectional DC-DC Converter with High Voltage Gainpaperpublications3
Abstract: Dependence of the extracted power of the photovoltaic (PV) and wind energies on environmental specifications and low dynamic response of Fuel cells cause a battery to be required in these systems. In order to charge and discharge the battery, a bidirectional converter is needed. In this paper, a non-isolated bidirectional DC-DC converter is presented. The converter consists of two boost converters to enhance the voltage gain. Four power switches are employed in the converter with their body diodes. Two inductors and a capacitor are also employed as passive components. The input current is divided to the inductor which causes the efficiency to be high and the size of them to become smaller. The voltage gain of the converter is higher than the Conventional Cascaded Bidirectional buck/boost Converter (CCBC) in step-up mode. Besides, the voltage gain in step-down mode is lower than CCBC. Circuit is simulated with 25/250V input voltage and 250/25V DC output voltage is verified. Performance parameters such as voltage stress and output ripples are also analyzed. The efficiency of the converter is more than CCBC while the total stress on active switches are same. The simulation is done in MATLAB R2014a.
Keywords: DC-DC converter, High voltage gain converter, Non-isolated bidirectional converter, Voltage Stress.
Title: Non Isolated Bidirectional DC-DC Converter with High Voltage Gain
Author: Fathima Anooda M P, Prof. Elizabeth Paul, Prof. Honey Susan Eldo
ISSN 2349-7815
International Journal of Recent Research in Electrical and Electronics Engineering (IJRREEE)
Paper Publications
Battery energy storage systems are becoming more and more popular solution in the household applications, especially, in combination with renewable energy sources. The bidirectional AC-DC power electronic converter have great impact to the overall efficiency, size, mass and reliability of the storage system. This paper reviews the literature that deals with high efficiency converter technologies for connecting low voltage battery energy storage to an AC distribution grid. Due to low voltage of the battery isolated bidirectional AC-DC converter or a dedicated topology of the non isolated converter is required. Review on single stage, two stage power converters and integrated solutions are done in the paper.
Analysis of multiport dc dc converter in renewable energy sourceseSAT Journals
Abstract Multi-port DC-DC converter has attracted special interest in applications where multiple energy sources are used. In this project, a three-port converter with three active full bridges, two LCC resonant tanks, and a three-winding transformer is proposed. It uses a single power conversion stage with high-frequency link to control power flow between batteries, load, and a renewable source such as solar cell. The converter has capabilities of bidirectional power flow in the battery and the load port. The converter has high efficiency due to soft-switching operation in all three bridges. Design procedure for the three-port converter is explained and experimental results are presented. Index Terms— Bidirectional power, phase-shift control at constant switching frequency, soft-switching operation, three-port converter, LCC resonant converter, three-winding transformer.
Analysis of direct power control AC-DC converter under unbalance voltage supp...IJECEIAES
This paper presents an analysis of Direct Power Control (DPC) technique for the Three-Phase Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) AC-DC converter under unbalanced supply condition. Unbalance condition will cause the presence of unbalanced current and voltages thus produce the negative components on the grid voltage as well as severe performance degradation of a grid connected Voltage Source Inverter (VSI). The input structures for conventional DPC has been modified with a three simpler sequence networks instead of coupled by a detailed Three-Phase system method. The imbalance voltage can be resolved by separating from the individual elements of voltage and current into symmetrical components called Sequence Network. Consequently, the input power relatively improved during unbalanced condition almost 70% through the measurement of Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) from the conventional Direct Power Control (DPC) in individual elements which is higher compared to separate components. Hence, several analyses are performed in order to analyze the steady state and dynamic performance of the converter, particularly during the load and DC voltage output reference variations.
PV Cell Fed High Step-up DC-DC Converter for PMSM Drive ApplicationsIJMTST Journal
In this concept novel high step-up dc–dc converter with an active coupled-inductor network is presented for
a sustainable energy system. The proposed converter contains two coupled inductors which can be
integrated into one magnetic core and two switches. The primary sides of coupled inductors are charged in
parallel by the input source, and both the coupled inductors are discharged in series with the input source to
achieve the high step-up voltage gain with appropriate duty ratio, respectively. In addition, the passive
lossless clamped circuit not only recycles leakage energies of the coupled inductor to improve efficiency but
also alleviates large voltage spike to limit the voltage stresses of the main switches. The reverse-recovery
problem of the output diode is also alleviated by the leakage inductor and the lower part count is needed;
therefore, the power conversion efficiency can be further upgraded. The voltage conversion ratios, the effect of
the leakage inductance and the parasitic parameters on the voltage gain are discussed. The voltage stress
and current stress on the power devices are illustrated and the comparisons between the proposed converter
and other converters are given. The simulation results are presented by using Mat lab/Simulink software.
02 19 jan17 12566 final paper in ijeecs format(edit)IAESIJEECS
To maintain voltage stability of a power system STATCOM is better solution which can provide the required amount of reactive power under various disturbances. In previous work, STATCOM with various energy storage elements was discussed for voltage and power system stability. Apart from these previous works, this work proposes a new structure of hybrid energy storage system (HESS) for voltage stability by using battery and super capacitor. A new model of STATCOM with hybrid energy storage system is designed by using two bidirectional DC-DC converters and results are analyzed for conventional STATCOM and STATCOM with hybrid energy storage system. Results are also analyzed for STATCOM system with out any energy storage system, STATCOM with battery, STATCOM with super capacitor and STATCOM with HESS under sudden load changes by using MATLAB/Simulink.
Filter Based Solar Power Generation System with a Seven Level InverterIJMTST Journal
This paper proposes a new solar power generation system, which is composed of a DC/DC power converter and a new seven-level inverter. The DC/DC power converter integrates a DC-DC boost converter and a transformer to convert the output voltage of the solar cell array into two independent voltage sources with multiple relationships. This new seven-level inverter is configured using a capacitor selection circuit and a full-bridge power converter, connected in cascade. The capacitor selection circuit converts the two output voltage sources of DC-DC power converter into a three-level DC voltage and the full- bridge power converter further converts this three- level DC voltage into a seven-level AC voltage. In this way, the proposed solar power generation system generates a sinusoidal output current that is in phase with the utility voltage and is fed into the utility. The salient features of the proposed seven-level inverter are that only six power electronic switches are used and only one power electronic switch is switched at high frequency at any time. A prototype is developed and tested to verify the performance of this proposed solar power generation system.
Recently, Re-boost seven-level inverter has been developed as an alternative between Photovoltaic system and single-phase load. DC level is increased using a re-boost regulator and its output is rehabilitated into single-phase AC utilizing a seven-level inverter. The re-boost converter is utilized to escalate the voltage gain. The objective of the suggested closed loop Re-boost Seven Level Inverter fed Induction Motor (RBSLIIM) system is to enhance the dynamic response of RBSLIIM using FO-P-I-D controller. Simulink models are developed for P-I and FO-P-I-D controlled RBSLIIM systems. The results of P-I and FO-P-I-D based RBSLIIM systems indicate that the voltage response with FO-P-I-D is superior to P-I controlled RBSLIIM system.
Multiport converters increasingly gain prominance in the recent past to interface renewable energy sources like photovoltaic cells, fuel cells with the load. Energy storage elements like battery and supercapacitors nd major place as an additional and alternate sources in systems with primary renewable energy sources to overcome its intermittency issues. As these energy storage element's charging and discharging cycles are to be controlled, an isolated bidirectional converter topology with transformer is used. The galvanic isolation provided by the high frequency ac link transformers in partly isolated and fully isolated topologies makes these converters most preferrable in high power applications like electric vehicles. A comprehensive review is performed on various three port partly isolated and fully isolated topologies addressed by dierent research groups. The key contributions on soft switching for reducing switching losses and improving overall converter efficiency with help of resonant elements are discussed. In addition, control strategies for power ow control with enhanced soft switching of partly isolated converters are highlighted. A summary of converter topologies is provided comparing power rating, device count, soft switching resonant elements and efficiency which gives an idea for selection of suitable topology for the desired system requirement.
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Transformerless Buck-Boost Converter With Positive Output Voltage and Nominal...paperpublications3
Abstract: This article deals with a transformerless buck-boost converter with simple structure. By inserting an additional switched network into the traditional buck-boost converter new converter is obtained. Compared with the traditional buck-boost converter, its voltage gain is quadratic of the traditional buck-boost converter. It can operate in a wide range of output voltage, that is, the proposed buck-boost converter can achieve high or low voltage gain without extreme duty cycle. Moreover, the output voltage of this transformerless buck-boost converter is common-ground with the input voltage, and its polarity is positive. The two power switches of the proposed buck-boost converter operate synchronously. The operating principles and the steady-state analyses for the buck-boost converter operating in CCM are presented. The PSIM simulations are provided to compare and validate the effectiveness of the buck-boost converter.
Keywords: Buck-Boost, Transformerless, Positive Output Voltage, Quadratic Gain.
Title: Transformerless Buck-Boost Converter With Positive Output Voltage and Nominal Duty Ratio
Author: Aleena Paul K, Prof.Sini Paul, Prof.Geethu James
International Journal of Recent Research in Electrical and Electronics Engineering (IJRREEE)
Paper Publications
International Journal of Engineering Research and Development (IJERD)IJERD Editor
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High gain dc-dc step up converters have been used in renewable energy systems, for example, photovoltaic grid connected system and fuel cell power plant to step up the low level dc voltage to a high level dc bus voltage. If the conventional boost converter is to meet this demand, it should be operated at an extreme duty cycle (duty cycle closes to unity), which will cause electromagnetic interference, reverse recovery problem and conduction loss at the power switches. This paper proposes a class of non-isolated dc-dc step up converters which provide very high voltage gain at a small duty cycle (duty cycle < 0.5). Firstly, the converter topologies are derived based on active switched inductor network and combination of active and passive switched inductor networks; secondly, the modes of operation of proposed active switched inductor converter and combined active and passive switched inductor converter are illustrated; thirdly, the performance of the proposed converters are analyzed mathematically in details and compared with conventional boost converter. Finally, the analysis is verified by simulation results.
Design and implementation a novel single switch high gain DC-DC converter ba...IJECEIAES
A novel high-gain and high-efficiency direct current to direct current
(DC-DC) converter is introduced in this paper. The presented converter is suitable for low-voltage renewable energy resources such as photovoltaic (PV) and fuel cell (FC). The existence of series inductance with the input source ensures continuous and low-ramp input current, which is important for extracting maximum power from resources. Using coupled inductor technology and an intermediate capacitor in the suggested converter leads to a high gain voltage. In the presented topology for recovering energy from the leakage inductor, reducing voltage stress on the power switch, and so decreasing overall converter losses, a passive clamp circuit is used. The suitable operation range of duty cycle in the converter, besides the leakage inductor, decreases the problem of reverse recovery in diodes. The low value of the leakage inductor and the low volume and cost of the proposed converter are due to the low turn ratio of the coupled inductor. Details of the operation principles of the proposed converter have been discussed in this paper. The presented simulation and laboratory prototype results verify the theoretical analysis and performance of the suggested topology.
Hybrid Two Quasi Z-Source Converter for Photovoltaic ApplicationPremier Publishers
This paper presents a Hybrid Two Quasi Z-source (HTQZS) DC-DC converter for photovoltaic applications. These are mainly employed to full fill the demand of the voltage boost in photovoltaic applications from the lower value voltage. The traditional z source networks have some limitations in voltage boosting, so the modified z source means the different combination of the LC components is combined to form the hybrid quasi z source networks. This hybrid two quasi z source dc-dc converters can be applied for the dc-ac, ac-ac, and ac-dc conversions. The structure of the proposed converter is simpler. This converter adds the benefits to the traditional z source converter. This converter draws the continuous input current. The converter simulated is the combination of two different quasi z source networks. This converter uses the duty cycle less than the traditional z source network and gives the more gain than that. PV panel used as source to converter and then the output is inverted and step up.
Non Isolated Bidirectional DC-DC Converter with High Voltage Gainpaperpublications3
Abstract: Dependence of the extracted power of the photovoltaic (PV) and wind energies on environmental specifications and low dynamic response of Fuel cells cause a battery to be required in these systems. In order to charge and discharge the battery, a bidirectional converter is needed. In this paper, a non-isolated bidirectional DC-DC converter is presented. The converter consists of two boost converters to enhance the voltage gain. Four power switches are employed in the converter with their body diodes. Two inductors and a capacitor are also employed as passive components. The input current is divided to the inductor which causes the efficiency to be high and the size of them to become smaller. The voltage gain of the converter is higher than the Conventional Cascaded Bidirectional buck/boost Converter (CCBC) in step-up mode. Besides, the voltage gain in step-down mode is lower than CCBC. Circuit is simulated with 25/250V input voltage and 250/25V DC output voltage is verified. Performance parameters such as voltage stress and output ripples are also analyzed. The efficiency of the converter is more than CCBC while the total stress on active switches are same. The simulation is done in MATLAB R2014a.
Keywords: DC-DC converter, High voltage gain converter, Non-isolated bidirectional converter, Voltage Stress.
Title: Non Isolated Bidirectional DC-DC Converter with High Voltage Gain
Author: Fathima Anooda M P, Prof. Elizabeth Paul, Prof. Honey Susan Eldo
ISSN 2349-7815
International Journal of Recent Research in Electrical and Electronics Engineering (IJRREEE)
Paper Publications
Battery energy storage systems are becoming more and more popular solution in the household applications, especially, in combination with renewable energy sources. The bidirectional AC-DC power electronic converter have great impact to the overall efficiency, size, mass and reliability of the storage system. This paper reviews the literature that deals with high efficiency converter technologies for connecting low voltage battery energy storage to an AC distribution grid. Due to low voltage of the battery isolated bidirectional AC-DC converter or a dedicated topology of the non isolated converter is required. Review on single stage, two stage power converters and integrated solutions are done in the paper.
Analysis of multiport dc dc converter in renewable energy sourceseSAT Journals
Abstract Multi-port DC-DC converter has attracted special interest in applications where multiple energy sources are used. In this project, a three-port converter with three active full bridges, two LCC resonant tanks, and a three-winding transformer is proposed. It uses a single power conversion stage with high-frequency link to control power flow between batteries, load, and a renewable source such as solar cell. The converter has capabilities of bidirectional power flow in the battery and the load port. The converter has high efficiency due to soft-switching operation in all three bridges. Design procedure for the three-port converter is explained and experimental results are presented. Index Terms— Bidirectional power, phase-shift control at constant switching frequency, soft-switching operation, three-port converter, LCC resonant converter, three-winding transformer.
Analysis of direct power control AC-DC converter under unbalance voltage supp...IJECEIAES
This paper presents an analysis of Direct Power Control (DPC) technique for the Three-Phase Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) AC-DC converter under unbalanced supply condition. Unbalance condition will cause the presence of unbalanced current and voltages thus produce the negative components on the grid voltage as well as severe performance degradation of a grid connected Voltage Source Inverter (VSI). The input structures for conventional DPC has been modified with a three simpler sequence networks instead of coupled by a detailed Three-Phase system method. The imbalance voltage can be resolved by separating from the individual elements of voltage and current into symmetrical components called Sequence Network. Consequently, the input power relatively improved during unbalanced condition almost 70% through the measurement of Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) from the conventional Direct Power Control (DPC) in individual elements which is higher compared to separate components. Hence, several analyses are performed in order to analyze the steady state and dynamic performance of the converter, particularly during the load and DC voltage output reference variations.
PV Cell Fed High Step-up DC-DC Converter for PMSM Drive ApplicationsIJMTST Journal
In this concept novel high step-up dc–dc converter with an active coupled-inductor network is presented for
a sustainable energy system. The proposed converter contains two coupled inductors which can be
integrated into one magnetic core and two switches. The primary sides of coupled inductors are charged in
parallel by the input source, and both the coupled inductors are discharged in series with the input source to
achieve the high step-up voltage gain with appropriate duty ratio, respectively. In addition, the passive
lossless clamped circuit not only recycles leakage energies of the coupled inductor to improve efficiency but
also alleviates large voltage spike to limit the voltage stresses of the main switches. The reverse-recovery
problem of the output diode is also alleviated by the leakage inductor and the lower part count is needed;
therefore, the power conversion efficiency can be further upgraded. The voltage conversion ratios, the effect of
the leakage inductance and the parasitic parameters on the voltage gain are discussed. The voltage stress
and current stress on the power devices are illustrated and the comparisons between the proposed converter
and other converters are given. The simulation results are presented by using Mat lab/Simulink software.
02 19 jan17 12566 final paper in ijeecs format(edit)IAESIJEECS
To maintain voltage stability of a power system STATCOM is better solution which can provide the required amount of reactive power under various disturbances. In previous work, STATCOM with various energy storage elements was discussed for voltage and power system stability. Apart from these previous works, this work proposes a new structure of hybrid energy storage system (HESS) for voltage stability by using battery and super capacitor. A new model of STATCOM with hybrid energy storage system is designed by using two bidirectional DC-DC converters and results are analyzed for conventional STATCOM and STATCOM with hybrid energy storage system. Results are also analyzed for STATCOM system with out any energy storage system, STATCOM with battery, STATCOM with super capacitor and STATCOM with HESS under sudden load changes by using MATLAB/Simulink.
Filter Based Solar Power Generation System with a Seven Level InverterIJMTST Journal
This paper proposes a new solar power generation system, which is composed of a DC/DC power converter and a new seven-level inverter. The DC/DC power converter integrates a DC-DC boost converter and a transformer to convert the output voltage of the solar cell array into two independent voltage sources with multiple relationships. This new seven-level inverter is configured using a capacitor selection circuit and a full-bridge power converter, connected in cascade. The capacitor selection circuit converts the two output voltage sources of DC-DC power converter into a three-level DC voltage and the full- bridge power converter further converts this three- level DC voltage into a seven-level AC voltage. In this way, the proposed solar power generation system generates a sinusoidal output current that is in phase with the utility voltage and is fed into the utility. The salient features of the proposed seven-level inverter are that only six power electronic switches are used and only one power electronic switch is switched at high frequency at any time. A prototype is developed and tested to verify the performance of this proposed solar power generation system.
Recently, Re-boost seven-level inverter has been developed as an alternative between Photovoltaic system and single-phase load. DC level is increased using a re-boost regulator and its output is rehabilitated into single-phase AC utilizing a seven-level inverter. The re-boost converter is utilized to escalate the voltage gain. The objective of the suggested closed loop Re-boost Seven Level Inverter fed Induction Motor (RBSLIIM) system is to enhance the dynamic response of RBSLIIM using FO-P-I-D controller. Simulink models are developed for P-I and FO-P-I-D controlled RBSLIIM systems. The results of P-I and FO-P-I-D based RBSLIIM systems indicate that the voltage response with FO-P-I-D is superior to P-I controlled RBSLIIM system.
Multiport converters increasingly gain prominance in the recent past to interface renewable energy sources like photovoltaic cells, fuel cells with the load. Energy storage elements like battery and supercapacitors nd major place as an additional and alternate sources in systems with primary renewable energy sources to overcome its intermittency issues. As these energy storage element's charging and discharging cycles are to be controlled, an isolated bidirectional converter topology with transformer is used. The galvanic isolation provided by the high frequency ac link transformers in partly isolated and fully isolated topologies makes these converters most preferrable in high power applications like electric vehicles. A comprehensive review is performed on various three port partly isolated and fully isolated topologies addressed by dierent research groups. The key contributions on soft switching for reducing switching losses and improving overall converter efficiency with help of resonant elements are discussed. In addition, control strategies for power ow control with enhanced soft switching of partly isolated converters are highlighted. A summary of converter topologies is provided comparing power rating, device count, soft switching resonant elements and efficiency which gives an idea for selection of suitable topology for the desired system requirement.
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Transformerless Buck-Boost Converter With Positive Output Voltage and Nominal...paperpublications3
Abstract: This article deals with a transformerless buck-boost converter with simple structure. By inserting an additional switched network into the traditional buck-boost converter new converter is obtained. Compared with the traditional buck-boost converter, its voltage gain is quadratic of the traditional buck-boost converter. It can operate in a wide range of output voltage, that is, the proposed buck-boost converter can achieve high or low voltage gain without extreme duty cycle. Moreover, the output voltage of this transformerless buck-boost converter is common-ground with the input voltage, and its polarity is positive. The two power switches of the proposed buck-boost converter operate synchronously. The operating principles and the steady-state analyses for the buck-boost converter operating in CCM are presented. The PSIM simulations are provided to compare and validate the effectiveness of the buck-boost converter.
Keywords: Buck-Boost, Transformerless, Positive Output Voltage, Quadratic Gain.
Title: Transformerless Buck-Boost Converter With Positive Output Voltage and Nominal Duty Ratio
Author: Aleena Paul K, Prof.Sini Paul, Prof.Geethu James
International Journal of Recent Research in Electrical and Electronics Engineering (IJRREEE)
Paper Publications
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High gain dc-dc step up converters have been used in renewable energy systems, for example, photovoltaic grid connected system and fuel cell power plant to step up the low level dc voltage to a high level dc bus voltage. If the conventional boost converter is to meet this demand, it should be operated at an extreme duty cycle (duty cycle closes to unity), which will cause electromagnetic interference, reverse recovery problem and conduction loss at the power switches. This paper proposes a class of non-isolated dc-dc step up converters which provide very high voltage gain at a small duty cycle (duty cycle < 0.5). Firstly, the converter topologies are derived based on active switched inductor network and combination of active and passive switched inductor networks; secondly, the modes of operation of proposed active switched inductor converter and combined active and passive switched inductor converter are illustrated; thirdly, the performance of the proposed converters are analyzed mathematically in details and compared with conventional boost converter. Finally, the analysis is verified by simulation results.
Design and implementation a novel single switch high gain DC-DC converter ba...IJECEIAES
A novel high-gain and high-efficiency direct current to direct current
(DC-DC) converter is introduced in this paper. The presented converter is suitable for low-voltage renewable energy resources such as photovoltaic (PV) and fuel cell (FC). The existence of series inductance with the input source ensures continuous and low-ramp input current, which is important for extracting maximum power from resources. Using coupled inductor technology and an intermediate capacitor in the suggested converter leads to a high gain voltage. In the presented topology for recovering energy from the leakage inductor, reducing voltage stress on the power switch, and so decreasing overall converter losses, a passive clamp circuit is used. The suitable operation range of duty cycle in the converter, besides the leakage inductor, decreases the problem of reverse recovery in diodes. The low value of the leakage inductor and the low volume and cost of the proposed converter are due to the low turn ratio of the coupled inductor. Details of the operation principles of the proposed converter have been discussed in this paper. The presented simulation and laboratory prototype results verify the theoretical analysis and performance of the suggested topology.
Multilevel DC Link Inverter with Reduced Switches and BatteriesIJPEDS-IAES
Multilevel inverters are the best solution for medium and high voltage power electronic drives. Because of its unique characteristic of synthesizing sinusoidal voltage with less harmonic contents using several DC sources. In a three phase multilevel inverter, each phase of a cascaded H-bridge inverter requires ‘n’ DC sources to obtain 2n + 1 output voltage levels. One particular disadvantage is that, it increases number of power semiconductor switches. To overcome this disadvantage a multilevel DC link inverter (MLDCLI) with reduced number of switches and batteries is proposed.
This paper proposes a non-isolated soft-switching bidirectional dc/dc converter for interfacing energy storage in DC microgrid. The proposed converter employs a half-bridge boost converter at input port followed by a LCC resonant tank to assist in soft-switching of switches and diodes, and finally a voltage doubler circuit at the output port to enhance the voltage gain by two times. The LCC resonant circuit also adds a suitable voltage gain to the converter. Therefore, overall high voltage gain of the converter is obtained without a transformer or large number of multiplier circuit. For operation in buck mode, the high side voltage is divided by half with capacitive divider to gain higher step-down ratio. The converter is operated at high frequency to obtain low output voltage ripple, reduced magnetics and filters. Zero voltage turn-on is achieved for all switches and zero current turn-on and turn-off is achieved for all diodes in both modes i.e., buck/boost operation. Voltage stress across switches and diode is clamped naturally without external snubber circuit. An experimental prototype has been designed, built and tested in the laboratory to verify the performance of the proposed converter.
Analysis of Fuel Cell Based Multilevel DC-DC Boost Converter for Induction MotorIJMTST Journal
In this paper new topologies and interleaving modulation concepts for multilevel DC-DC boost converter
enabling a significantly less loss and a reduced chip size of the power semiconductors are proposed. The
distributed generation (DG) systems based on the renewable energy sources have rapidly developed in
recent years. These DG systems are powered by micro sources such as fuel cells, photovoltaic (PV) systems,
and batteries. Fuel cells are considered to be one of the most promising sources of distributed energy because
of their high efficiency, low environmental impact and scalability. Non-isolated high step-up DC-DC
converters are required in the industrial applications. Many of these conventional DC–DC converters have the
disadvantages of operating at high duty-cycle, high switch voltage stress and high diode peak current. A
three-level step up converter is implemented to boost the fuel cell stack voltage of 96V to 340V. The proposed
converter consists a system of fuel cell based Multilevel DC-DC converter with PI controller is modeled and
simulated by using Matlab/Simulink.
This paper presents a new simplified cascade multiphase DC-DC buck power converter suitable for low voltage and large current applications. Cascade connection enables very low voltage ratio without using very small duty cycles nor transformers. Large current with very low ripple content is achieved by using the multiphase technique. The proposed converter needs smaller number of components compared to conventional cascade multiphase DC-DC buck power converters. This paper also presents useful analysis of the proposed DC-DC buck power converter with a method to optimize the phase and cascade number. Simulation and experimental results are included to verify the basic performance of the proposed DC-DC buck power converter.
This paper proposes two new simplified cascade multiphase DC-DC boost power converters with high voltage-gain and low ripple. All simplifications reduce the number of active switching devices from 2N into N, where N is the phase number. The first simplification reduces the number of inductors from 2N into N+1 and increases the number of diodes from 2N into (2N+1). The second simplification reduces the number of inductors from 2N into N+1 and increases the number of diodes from 2N into (3N+1). The second simplification needs inductors with smaller current rating than the first simplification. The expressions of output voltage as a function of load current are derived by taking into account the voltage drops across the inductors and switching power devices. Simulated and experimental results are included to show the basic performance of the proposed cascade multiphase DC-DC boost power converters.
A Novel High Step-Up DC–DC Converter for Hybrid Renewable Energy System appli...IJERD Editor
Large electric drives and utility applications require advanced power electronics converter to meet
the high power demands. As a result, power converter structure has been introduced as an alternative in high
power and medium voltage situations using Renewable energy sources (RES). This paper describes a new
DC/DC converter with safety, high efficiency and high step up capabilities. This converter is best suited for
Wind/Fuel cell(FC)based Induction Motor applications for pumping systems. The safety feature of this
converter makes it friendly for the farmers to use it for irrigation and agriculture usages. The converter achieves
high step-up voltage gain with appropriate duty ratio and low voltage stress on the power switches. Also, the
energy stored in the leakage inductor of the coupled inductor can be recycled to the output. The maximum
output voltage is determined by the number of the capacitors. The capacitors are charged in parallel and are
discharged in series by the coupled inductor, stacking on the output capacitor. Thus, the proposed converter can
achieve high step-up voltage gain with appropriate duty ratio and interfaced to induction motor through 9-level
inverter and also energy fed to grid system when no load operation. The simulation results are obtained using
MATLAB/SIMULINK software.
Hardware Implementation of Solar Based Boost to SEPIC Converter Fed Nine Leve...IJPEDS-IAES
Multi level inverters are widely used in high power applications because of
low harmonic distortion. This paper deals with the simulation
and implementation of PV based boost to SEPIC converter with multilevel
inverter. The output of PV system is stepped up using boost to sepic
converter and it is converted into AC using a multilevel inverter.
The simulation and experimental results with the R load is presented in this
paper. The FFT analysis is done and the THD values are compared. Boost to
SEPIC converter is proposed to step up the voltage to the required value. The
experimental results are compared with the simulation results. The results
indicate that nine level inverter system has better performance than seven
level inverter system.
High Efficiency Dc-Dc Converter for Renewable Energy Applications and High Vo...IOSRJEEE
Renewable sources like solar PV cell is prefer to be operated at low voltages. This paper proposes a novel high voltage gain, high efficiency dc-dc converter based on coupled inductor, intermediate capacitor. The input energy acquired from the source is first stored in the coupled inductor and intermediate capacitor in a lossless manner. Improve the voltage gain and efficiency of the system. Exorbitant duty cycle values are not required for high voltage gain, when prevent the problems such as diode reverse recovery. Presence of a passive clamp network causes reduced voltage stress on the switch. Overall performance of the renewable energy with a step-up DC/DC converter using closed loop control action is used in the proposed system, improving the overall efficiency of the system.
Basic MOSFET Based vs Couple-Coils Boost Converters for Photovoltaic GeneratorsIJPEDS-IAES
Considering the optimization of a photovoltaic system, several studies show the advantage in the choice of a distributed structure. For such structures small power converters such as the boosts and buck converters appear as most appropriate. We have analysed the efficiency of small power boost- converters especially dedicated for photovoltaic energy conversion systems working in the middle and high voltage ranges. The setup studied is a photovoltaic generator connected to an AC grid working in 230 Volts via an inverter. Moreover, we considered the possibility of multiple electrical energy sources as photovoltaic, wind systems in the same energy production system, which obliged an adaptive converter structure. We evaluated the losses in the various stages of a boost converter and point out the importance of the power MOSFET used as the commutation element. New transistors databases obtained from manufacturers show the nonlinear dependency between the resistance drain-source when passing, Rdson and the maximum rating voltage when the transistor is off, Vdsmax, for all transistor families. Thus nonlinear dependency induces a huge increase of losses with the voltage in the MOSFET, and as a direct consequence in the converter the more as Vdsmax is higher. In order to minimize losses of the converter we have designed and realized a new high efficiency version of a Step-Up structure based on a commutation element integrating a low Vdsmax voltage MOSFET and very low Rdson.
Implementation of TI-SEPIC Converter for Optimal Utilization Of PV Powerijtsrd
In this project qualitative analysis and controller design of a TI-SEPIC converter for optimal utilization photovoltaic power is presented. This converter is essentially combination of conventional buck and SEPIC converters sharing common components. On the account of the integration load side only one inductor is sufficient enough for performing the power conversion in both Buck and SEPIC converters. Here the function of the lower SEPIC converter is to extract maximum power from the PV and feeds into the load, while the remaining load power demand is supplied by the dc source through a voltage-mode controlled buck converter. Proposed integrated Converter performance is verified through MAT/SIM software simulations and then verified with measurement results obtained the laboratory prototype converter system. A.S.Valarmathy"Implementation of TI-SEPIC Converter for Optimal Utilization Of PV Power" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-1 | Issue-5 , August 2017, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd2393.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/2393/implementation-of-ti-sepic-converter-for-optimal-utilization-of-pv-power/asvalarmathy
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
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More from International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (20)
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Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
We have compiled the most important slides from each speaker's presentation. This year’s compilation, available for free, captures the key insights and contributions shared during the DfMAy 2024 conference.
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Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
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Using recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) for pavements is crucial to achieving sustainability. Implementing RCA for new pavement can minimize carbon footprint, conserve natural resources, reduce harmful emissions, and lower life cycle costs. Compared to natural aggregate (NA), RCA pavement has fewer comprehensive studies and sustainability assessments.
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[6]-[7]. In certain parallel connected topologies, the problem of power coupling effect can be avoided by
incorporating transformer with multiple primary windings [8]. But, the presence of multi-winding
transformer with larger core size makes the system more bulky and complicated, even though it provides
electrical isolation. A systematic and generalized approach for the development of MDCs are discussed in
[9]-[11]. An MDC with a buck-boost operation is described in [12]. But the polarity of the converter is
negative even though the converter has less number of components. Additional arrangements like the
transformer are required to convert the polarity of the output voltage to positive that may cause a drastic
reduction in system efficiency. The concept of dual input DC-DC converter which is capable for bidirectional
interfacing of input energy sources is discussed in [13]. But the power losses due to the reverse recovery
currents of output diodes leads to lower system efficiency, which is a major drawback of the converter.
Several MDC topologies for the applications like renewable energy integration, electric vehicle, etc., are
reported in [14]-[17]. The idea of a high step-up DC-DC converters for solar PV application is presented in
[18]-[19]. The converter has lower voltage stress on switches, but for n-input mode, it requires n switches and n
inductors which make the system complicated and expensive. A multi-input voltage summation converter is
proposed in [20]. The converter operation is based on the switched capacitor cells present in the input side. But
for n-input mode, the number of capacitors and switches will be n which increases the overall system
complexity. The concept of multi-phase step up DC-DC converter topology with voltage doubler rectifier are
discussed in [21]. The idea of multi level DC-DC boost converter for high voltage gain application is presented
in [22]. A transformerless switched capacitor based buck-boost converter model is proposed in [23]. Higher
voltage gain and good efficicency profile are the potential merits of the proposed converter compared to the
conventional buck-boost converter.
So, many of the converters reported in the literature have certain drawbacks such as incapable of
simultaneous power supply from the connected energy sources, complex structure, lack of bidirectional power
flow capacity etc. Hence in this paper, an attempt has been made to propose a Modified Dual Input DC-DC
(MDIDC) converter which has series and parallel power supply capabilities from the connected energy sources,
both unidirectional and bidirectional power flow capacity etc., with higher efficiency and lower expenses. The
proposed converter is well sufficient to handle two distinct V- I characteristic sources where the energy from the
input sources can supply to the load either individually or concurrently. The converter is capable of operating in
all the three basic types of operation of DC-DC converter (buck, buck-boost and boost type). The principle of
operation and detailed analysis of the converter are illustrated in the following sections.
2. MODIFIED DUAL INPUT DC-DC CONVERTER
The modified dual input DC-DC converter proposed in the paper is derived from the standard single
input DC-DC converter. Similar to the conventional converters, MDIDC converter also contains an inductor
and capacitor for the power flow from source to a load. The structure of MDIDC converter is shown in
Figure 1. The analysis of the proposed converter topology has been carried out by considering two input
sources V1 and V2 respectively. The MDIDC converter has four main power switches (SW1-SW4) and two
optional power switches (SD1 and SD2) to make the converter capable of operating in both the unidirectional
and bidirectional modes of operation. If the converter needs to be operated only in unidirectional mode, the
optional power switches SD1 and SD2 can be replaced by simple fast recovery diodes D1 and D2. Here the
power switches SW1-SW3 determines the parallel and series operation of the converter and the operation of the
power switches SW4, SD1 and SD2 decide the possible operation types of the converter (buck, buck-boost,
boost). All the possible working states of the converter under buck-boost operation based on the control of
power switches available in the converter are shown Figure 2 (a-d) and briefily illustrated in Table 1.
V2
SW1
V1
L SD2
C
R Vo
-
+
SW4
Io
SW2
SW3
SD1
Figure 1. Basic structure of MDIDC converter
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V1
SW1
L
C R
Vo
-
+
SW4
Io
V2
SW2
L
C R
Vo
-
+
SW4
Io
(a) (b)
V2
SW3
L
C R
Vo
-
+
SW4
Io
L
D2
C R
Vo
-
+
Io
D1
(c) (d)
Figure 2. Working states of MDIDC converter: (a) Source V1 delivers power, (b) source V2 deliver power, (c)
sources V1 and V2 together delivers power (d) freewheeling of the output current
Table 1. Different working states of the MDIDC in buck-boost type operation
Working
state
Sources
supplying
Conducting
switch
Voltage across the
inductor
Status of
inductor
State-1 V1 SW1, SW4 V1 Charging
State-2 V2 SW2, SW4 V2 Charging
State-3 V1+V2 SW3, SW4 V1+V2 Charging
State-4 None D1, D2 - V0 Discharging
State 1: The circuit representation of state 1 is given in Figure 2a. Here, the switches SW1 and SW4 conducts,
where the remaining switches are in OFF state. So, here the voltage source V1 charges the inductor.
State 2: The equivalent circuit of state 2 is given in Figure 2b. Here, the switches SW2 and SW4 conducts,
where the remaining switches are in OFF state. In this state the voltage source V2 charges the inductor.
State 3: State 3 operation is illustrated in Figure 2c. The conducting switches in this state are SW3 and SW4
and remaining switches are in OFF state. When the switch SW3 is conducting, the input sources are added
together (V1+V2) and charges the inductor.
State 4: The equivalent circuit for the state 4 operation is given in Figure 2d. In this state only the diodes D1 and
D2 are conducting, while all other switches are in OFF state. So, the stored energy in the inductor is dissipated to
the load through diode D1 and D2. In this case of the unidirectional mode of operation, instead of power
switches SD1 and SD2, diodes D1 and D2 are considered in for the better understanding of the working states.
2.1. Buck, buck-boost and boost types of operation of the MDIDC converter
By the proper control of the power switches available in the converter, it is possible to operate the
proposed MDIDC converter in all the three basic types of operation of the DC-DC converter such as buck,
buck-boost and boost as shown in Figure 3(a-c). To explain the unidirectional operation of the converter,
control of SW3 is alone considered. When the switch SW3 is turned ON, both voltage sources V1 and V2 are
connected in series. Similarly, the converter can be operated in another three type by controlling SW1 (source
V1 alone) and three more type by controlling SW2 (source V2 alone). Similarly, the converter can be operated
in the bidirectional mode of operation by the proper control of the power switches, which makes the proposed
MDIDC converter suitable for the applications like the electric vehicle, aerospace etc. However, in this
paper, main concentration has been given to the analysis of the MDIDC converter in the unidirectional mode
of operation; hence the detailed analysis of the converter in the bidirectional mode in both simulation and
experimental platform can be considered as a future scope of the proposed work.
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V2
SW1
V1
L
SD2
C
R Vo
-
+
SW4
Io
SW2
SW3
SD1
V2
SW1
V1
L
SD2
C
R Vo
-
+
SW4
Io
SW2
SW3
SD1
(a)
V2
SW1
V1
L
SD2
C
R
-
+
SW4
Io
SW2
SW3
SD1
Vo
V2
SW1
V1
L
SD2
C
R
-
+
SW4
Io
SW2
SW3
SD1
Vo
(b)
V2
SW1
V1
L
SD2
C
R
-
+
SW4
Io
SW2
SW3
SD1
Vo
V2
SW1
V1
L
SD2
C
R Vo
-
+
SW4
Io
SW2
SW3
SD1
(c)
Figure 3. The MDIDC converter under different modes of operation: (a) buck operation, (b) buck-boost
operation and (c) boost operation
2.2. Analysis of the MDIDC converter
The analysis of the MDIDC converter for the buck-boost type of operation has been carried out in
Continuous Conduction Mode (CCM) of inductor under steady state condition. The variation of inductor
voltage and current due to the change of working states in single switching cycle are illustrated in Figure 4.
The necessary analytical equations that are sufficient to explain different operating states of the converter
under the buck-boost mode of operation are given below. In this paper a different pulse generation scheme
has been selected, where the initial switching pulse is provided to the power switch SW3 which ensures the
contribution of both input sources together. Then the switching pulse is applied to the power switch SW2
which confirms the power delivery from source V2 alone. The power delivery from source V1 alone can be
ensured by giving proper switching pulse to the power switch SW1. However, in this paper, the operation of
the power switch SW2 and SW3 are considered under buck-boost operation, which also ensures the contribution
from all the connected energy sources. During, the operation of switch SW3, the voltage across the inductor is
V1+V2. Hence, the inductor current in this state can be derived as
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∫ (1)
Here, , hence Eqn. (1) becomes
(2)
V1+V2
V2
VO
S3
S2
VL
IL
I2
I3
t
t3 t2
TS
t
t
t
t
S4
Figure 4. Analytical wave form of the MDIDC converter under buck-boost operation
During, the operation of switch SW2, the voltage across the inductor is V2. Hence the inductor current
in this state cand be depicted as,
∫ (3)
In this state , hence Eqn. (3) becomes
(4)
Since ≥ , the increase in slope of the inductor current in the previous interval is higher
than the same value in current time interval. Finally, the stored energy in the inductor is dissipated to the load
through the diodes D1 and D2 in the freewheeling period and the current through the inductor in this state can
be extracted as
∫ (5)
In this case, ; so Eqn. (5) becomes
(6)
Since the voltage across the inductor is negative, (ie., ) the inductor current decreases from
its previous value ( ). According to the volt-second balance equation, the average value of the inductor
voltage should be zero for a DC-DC converter under steady state condition and is expressed as
(7)
The output voltage of the converter from the above expression can be derived as
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(8)
Similar analysis can be carried out for the MDIDC converter in buck and boost operation also. The
expression for the output voltage under all the three basic types of operation (buck, buck-boost, and boost) by
considering the individual and simulataneous power contribution from the conneceted energy sources can be
briefly concluded in Table 2.
Table 2. Theoretical analysis of the proposed converter in buck, buck-boost and boost operation
Mode
Input
Voltage
Duty Ratio Output Voltage
Conducting
Switches (t
on
)
Conducting
Switches (t
off
)
buck V
1
V
2
d
1
d
2
d
3
S
1
,S
2
,S
3
D
1
,D
2
buck-boost V
1
V
2
d
1
d
2
d
3 = S
1
,S
2
,S
3
,S
4
D
1
,D
2
boost V
1
V
2
d
1
d
2
d
3
S
1
,S
2
,S
3
,S
4
S
2,
D
2
3. SIMULATION RESULTS AND ANALYSIS
The software simulation of the MDIDC converter has been carried out in MATLAB/Simulink
platform. The various parameters considered for the simulation and experimental analysis are given in
Table 3. Since the MDIDC converter is intended for the applications like renewable energy integration, only
the buck-boost and boost operation of the converter is considered for the simulation and experimental
analysis. Because the voltage profile of the renewable sources like solar-PV and wind is very low, hence it
requires boost operation rather than buck operation. The simulation results of MDIDC converter for buck-
boost and boost operation are shown in Figure 5 and Figure 6. From Figure 5 (a), it can be noticed that the
inductor is initially charged by a voltage of 54 V (i.e., V1+V2) for a duty cycle of d3 and then charged by a
voltage of 30 V (i.e., V2) for a duty cycle of d2. Finally, the inductor is discharged with a voltage of -48
V(i.e., -VO) in the freewheeling period. The variation in the slope of inductor current according to the
charging voltage of the inductor can be observed from the inductor current waveform shown in Figure 5 (a).
Similarly, from Figure 6 (a), it can be observed that the inductor is initially charged by a voltage of 24 V (i.e.,
V1) for the conduction period of SW1. Then it is charged by the voltage of 54 V (i.e., V1+V2), and 30 V (i,e.,
V2) for duty cycle d3 and d2 respectively. Finally, it is discharged with a voltage of -80 V (i.e., V2-VO) for the
remaining period. From Figure 5 and Figure 6, the process of the inductor charging and discharging can be
clearly observed in terms of inductor voltage and current. Hence by adjusting the duty cycles d1, d2, and d3
the inductor and load currents can be controlled.
The dynamic characteristic of the MDIDC converter in buck-boost operation is analyzed to the
variation in load resistance and simulation result of the same is shown in Figure 5 (b). In this paper, a control
strategy based on a PI controller is selected for maintaining the output voltage at the desired value of 48 V
(i.e., VO). Here a step change in load current from 1 A to 2 A is applied at 0.5 seconds to observe the dynamic
response of the converter under load variations. From Figure 5 (b), it can be noticed that the output voltage is
returned to the required value of 48 V very quickly after a small dip due to the sudden rise in load current.
Similarly, the dynamic response of the converter under boost operation also tested with the same PI
controller. In this case, also, a sudden change in load current from 2.3 A to 4.6 A is applied at 0.5 second and
corresponding output voltage response has been observed from Figure 6 (b). From the figure, it can be
observed that the output voltage is recovered to the desired value of 110 V (i.e., VO) within a short span of
time after a small dip in its magnitude due to the sudden load current increment. Hence, from Figure 5 (b)
and Figure 6 (b), it can be concluded that the designed controller is very effective for regulating the output
voltage at their desired values under buck-boost and boost operation.
Table 3. Design parameters considered for simulation and experimental analysis
Source 1
(V)
Source 2
(V)
Inductor
(mH)
Capacitor
(µF)
Switching
Frequency (kHz)
Output Voltage (V)
Buck-boost Boost
24 30 3 470 20 48 110
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(a)
(b)
Figure 5. Simulation waveforms of the MDIDC converter under buck-boost operation (a) Inductor voltage
and current (b) Output voltage and current under varying load conditions
4. EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
To test the feasibility and performance of the MDIDC converter, a laboratory scale hardware
prototype of the converter has been developed as shown in Figure 7. The testing of the prototype has been
conducted by considering two input sources of the different voltage level. The switching pulses for the
converter have been generated by using LabVIEW 2013 software and the real-time interfacing with the
hardware has been achieved with the help of NI cRIO-9081 controller using NI 9401 digital input and output
module. Here, NI 9225 and NI 9227 modules are adopted for sensing the voltage and current. The generated
switching pulses are of 20 kHz frequency and IRF 460 MOSFET and MUR 860 respectively realize the
power switches and diodes. The experimental analysis of the converter has been carried out for CCM of
inductor under steady state condition. The converter performance under buck-boost and boost operation has
been verifeied and the experimental waveforms of the inductor voltage, inductor current, output voltage and
output current for buck-boost and boost operation are shown in Figures 8 and Figure 9 respectively.
The charging and discharging phenomena of inductor under buck-boost and boost operation have
been observed from the inductor voltage and current waveforms shown in Figure 8 (a) and Figure 9 (a)
respectively. The output voltage of the MDIDC converter is obtained as 48 V (Figure. 8 (b)) in buck-boost
operation and 110 V (Figure 9 (b)) in boost operation. Hence, from the analysis of the experimental results, it
can be clearly noticed that the results obtained from the experimental prototype and MATLAB simulation are
well matched. A transient analysis of the converter is carried out in buck-boost operation to observe the
dynamic behaviour of the MDIDC converter under varying load condition. The response of the output
voltage and current due to the load variation are shown in Figure 8 (b) and Figure 8 (c). From Figure 8 (b) it
can be noticed that the output voltage of the converter is maintained at the required value of 48 V under
sudden variation of load current from 1 A to 2 A. Similarly, when the load current falls from 2 A to 1 A, the
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output voltage is returned to 48 V very quickly after a small spike as shown in Figure 8 (c). So, the transient
analysis of the converter in the experimental platform shows the effectiveness of the controller designed.
(a)
(b)
Figure 6. Simulation waveforms of the MDIDC converter under boost operation (a) Inductor voltage and
current (b) Output voltage and current under varying load conditions
Figure 7. Experimental setup of MDIDC converter with controller
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Scale : VL = 50 V/div, IL= 2 A/div
Inductor voltage(VL)
Inductor current (IL)
(a)
(b)
(c)
Figure 8. Experimental wave forms MDIDC converter under buck-boost operation (a) Inductor voltage and
current wave form (b) Output voltage response due to sudden load current increment (c) Output voltage
response due to sudden load current decrement
Finally the comparison MDIDC with other multi input DC-DC converters has been carried out
based on several parameters like number of power switches, diodes, storage elements efficiency and voltage
stress and are illustrated in Table 4.
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Table 4. Comparison of the MDIDC with other multi input DC-DC converters
Topology proposed
Number of
switches
(Including diodes)
Inductor
(L)
Capacitor
(C)
Voltage stress
(V)
Operating
modes
Efficiency
(%)
Converter in [4] 2N N 1 Vo BD, B 80-90
Converter in [7] N+4 1 1 VN BD, b,b-B,B 82-91
Converter in [12]
Proposed converter
N+1
N+4
1
1
1
1
VN-VN-1
VN
UD, b-B
BD, b,b-B,B
82-93
84-93
(Bd: bidirectional, UD: unidirectional, N: Number of input sources, b: buck mode, b-B: buck-boost mode, B:
boost mode)
Inductor current (IL)
Inductor voltage(VL)
Scale : VL = 50 V/div, IL= 2 A/div
(a)
Scale : V_out = 50 V/div, I_out= 1 A/div
(b)
Figure 9. Experimental wave forms MDIDC converter under boost operation (a) Inductor voltage and
current wave form (b) Output voltage and current waveform
5. CONCLUSION
A modified dual input DC-DC converter is proposed in this paper, which is capable of integrating
different V-I characteristic sources. The analysis of the proposed converter under buck-boost and boost
operation has been conducted in a comprehensive manner. The analysis of the proposed converter in the
experimental platform has been conducted in a detailed manner to validate the simulation results. From the
experimental and simulation analysis, the dynamic and steady state response of the converter have been
found satisfactory. The proposed MDIDC converter is well sufficient for energy diversification from the
different V-I characteristic source either individually or simultaneously. The proposed MDIDC converter has
close-packed structure and lower part counts, which enhances the overall system efficiency and also boost the
relevance of the converter in the applications like distributed generation, hybrid energy integration, electric
vehicle, aerospace, etc.
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BIOGRAPHIES OF AUTHORS
Sivaprasad Athikkal received the B.Tech degree in Electrical and Electronics Engineering
from the Calicut University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Thenhippalam, Kerala,
India in 2010, and the M.Tech degree in Power Electronics from the Amrita Vishwa
Vidyapeetham Uinversity Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, India in 2012. Currently he is working
towards his Ph.d degree in Electrical engineering, at National Institute of Technology
Calicut, Kerala India. His main research interests includes Distributed Generation, Multiple
input DC-DC converters, Hybrid energy systems, Renewable energy integration etc.
12. ISSN: 2088-8694
IJPEDS Vol. 8, No. 1, March 2017 : 81 – 92
92
Dr. Kumaravel Sundaramoorthy is working as Assistant Professor in the Department of
Electrical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Calicut, Kerala since Dec., 2008.
He has acquired B.E. in E.E.E under Bharathidasan University, Thiruchirappalli, M.Tech in
Power Systems from National Institute of Technology Thiruchirappalli and Ph.D in Hybrid
Renewable Energy Systems for Microgrid Application from National Institute of
Technology Calicut, Kerala. He completed post-doc fellowship in Power Converter
Applications in Power Systems from University College Dublin, Ireland.His major areas of
research are Distributed Generation, Applications of Power Converters in Renewable Energy
Sources and Artificial Intelligence. He has published more than fifty research papers in
which thirteen papers in peer reviewed international journals and fifteen papers in IEEE
international conferences held in India and Abroad. He is a senior member of I.E.E.E.
Dr. Ashok Sankar is working as a Professor and Head in the Department of Electrical
Engineering, National Institute of Technology Calicut, Kerala at present. He has acquired
B.Sc. in E.E.E from Regional Engineering College, Calicut, M.Tech in Energy from Indian
Institute of Technology Delhi and Ph.D from Indian Institute of Technology Bombay. His
major areas of research are Distributed Generation, Microgrid, Deregulation and Power
quality. He is a senior member of I.E.E.E.