To maintain voltage stability of a power system STATCOM is better solution which can provide the required amount of reactive power under various disturbances. In previous work, STATCOM with various energy storage elements was discussed for voltage and power system stability. Apart from these previous works, this work proposes a new structure of hybrid energy storage system (HESS) for voltage stability by using battery and super capacitor. A new model of STATCOM with hybrid energy storage system is designed by using two bidirectional DC-DC converters and results are analyzed for conventional STATCOM and STATCOM with hybrid energy storage system. Results are also analyzed for STATCOM system with out any energy storage system, STATCOM with battery, STATCOM with super capacitor and STATCOM with HESS under sudden load changes by using MATLAB/Simulink.
Analysis of direct power control AC-DC converter under unbalance voltage supp...IJECEIAES
This paper presents an analysis of Direct Power Control (DPC) technique for the Three-Phase Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) AC-DC converter under unbalanced supply condition. Unbalance condition will cause the presence of unbalanced current and voltages thus produce the negative components on the grid voltage as well as severe performance degradation of a grid connected Voltage Source Inverter (VSI). The input structures for conventional DPC has been modified with a three simpler sequence networks instead of coupled by a detailed Three-Phase system method. The imbalance voltage can be resolved by separating from the individual elements of voltage and current into symmetrical components called Sequence Network. Consequently, the input power relatively improved during unbalanced condition almost 70% through the measurement of Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) from the conventional Direct Power Control (DPC) in individual elements which is higher compared to separate components. Hence, several analyses are performed in order to analyze the steady state and dynamic performance of the converter, particularly during the load and DC voltage output reference variations.
Battery energy storage systems are becoming more and more popular solution in the household applications, especially, in combination with renewable energy sources. The bidirectional AC-DC power electronic converter have great impact to the overall efficiency, size, mass and reliability of the storage system. This paper reviews the literature that deals with high efficiency converter technologies for connecting low voltage battery energy storage to an AC distribution grid. Due to low voltage of the battery isolated bidirectional AC-DC converter or a dedicated topology of the non isolated converter is required. Review on single stage, two stage power converters and integrated solutions are done in the paper.
Open-Delta VSC Based Voltage Controller in Isolated Power SystemsIJPEDS-IAES
This paper proposes a reduced switch voltage source converter (VSC)
topology implemented as a voltage controller in isolated power systems. In
isolated power systems generally self-excited induction generators (SEIG)
are used mainly for their ruggedness and economic reasons. Mostly for
constant power applications such as pico hydro uncontrolled turbine driven
self excited induction generators feeding three-phase loads are employed.
The proposed reduced switch voltage controller is used to regulate and
control the voltage at the generator terminals as it is subjected to voltage
drops, dips or flickers when the isolated power system is subjected to various
critical loads. In this paper the controller is realized using a three-leg fourswitch
insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) based current controlled
voltage-source converter (CC-VSC) and a self-supporting dc bus containing
two split capacitors, thus reducing the IGBT count and hence cost. This
reduced switch topology forms an Open-Delta type converter. The proposed
generating system along with the controller is modeled and simulated in
MATLAB along with Simulink and power system blockset (PSB) toolboxes.
The system is simulated and the capability of the isolated generating system
along with the reduced switch based voltage controller is presented here
where the generator feeds linear and non-linear loads are investigated.
Mitigation of Voltage Fluctuations in Power System Using STATCOMIJERA Editor
Wind energy being a renewable source of energy is enjoying a rapid growth globally. However, wind energy being an uncontrollable source of energy coupled with the fact that it uses distributed induction generators for power conversion poses a challenge in integrating a large scale wind-farm into a weak power system. An actual weak power system with two large Wind-Farms (WFs) coupled to it is introduced as part of this study. A model of this integrated system along with a STATCOM for steady state and dynamic impact study is developed in the MATLAB/Simulink environment. The power quality issues are highlighted and a centralized STATCOM is proposed to solve the issue of the voltage fluctuations in particular in addition to addressing the other issues. Based on the results obtained from the simulation, the system voltage control issues are analyzed and the location of STATCOM is assessed. Finally, a STATCOM control strategy for suppression of voltage fluctuations is presented.
SOLID STATE TRANSFORMER - USING FLYBACK CONVERTERAbhin Mohan
FUTURISTIC ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING PROJECT.
A Device that can step up as well as step down coltage and get output as both DC or AC. Total flexibility of Power using DC link by Flyback Coverter.
Analysis of direct power control AC-DC converter under unbalance voltage supp...IJECEIAES
This paper presents an analysis of Direct Power Control (DPC) technique for the Three-Phase Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) AC-DC converter under unbalanced supply condition. Unbalance condition will cause the presence of unbalanced current and voltages thus produce the negative components on the grid voltage as well as severe performance degradation of a grid connected Voltage Source Inverter (VSI). The input structures for conventional DPC has been modified with a three simpler sequence networks instead of coupled by a detailed Three-Phase system method. The imbalance voltage can be resolved by separating from the individual elements of voltage and current into symmetrical components called Sequence Network. Consequently, the input power relatively improved during unbalanced condition almost 70% through the measurement of Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) from the conventional Direct Power Control (DPC) in individual elements which is higher compared to separate components. Hence, several analyses are performed in order to analyze the steady state and dynamic performance of the converter, particularly during the load and DC voltage output reference variations.
Battery energy storage systems are becoming more and more popular solution in the household applications, especially, in combination with renewable energy sources. The bidirectional AC-DC power electronic converter have great impact to the overall efficiency, size, mass and reliability of the storage system. This paper reviews the literature that deals with high efficiency converter technologies for connecting low voltage battery energy storage to an AC distribution grid. Due to low voltage of the battery isolated bidirectional AC-DC converter or a dedicated topology of the non isolated converter is required. Review on single stage, two stage power converters and integrated solutions are done in the paper.
Open-Delta VSC Based Voltage Controller in Isolated Power SystemsIJPEDS-IAES
This paper proposes a reduced switch voltage source converter (VSC)
topology implemented as a voltage controller in isolated power systems. In
isolated power systems generally self-excited induction generators (SEIG)
are used mainly for their ruggedness and economic reasons. Mostly for
constant power applications such as pico hydro uncontrolled turbine driven
self excited induction generators feeding three-phase loads are employed.
The proposed reduced switch voltage controller is used to regulate and
control the voltage at the generator terminals as it is subjected to voltage
drops, dips or flickers when the isolated power system is subjected to various
critical loads. In this paper the controller is realized using a three-leg fourswitch
insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) based current controlled
voltage-source converter (CC-VSC) and a self-supporting dc bus containing
two split capacitors, thus reducing the IGBT count and hence cost. This
reduced switch topology forms an Open-Delta type converter. The proposed
generating system along with the controller is modeled and simulated in
MATLAB along with Simulink and power system blockset (PSB) toolboxes.
The system is simulated and the capability of the isolated generating system
along with the reduced switch based voltage controller is presented here
where the generator feeds linear and non-linear loads are investigated.
Mitigation of Voltage Fluctuations in Power System Using STATCOMIJERA Editor
Wind energy being a renewable source of energy is enjoying a rapid growth globally. However, wind energy being an uncontrollable source of energy coupled with the fact that it uses distributed induction generators for power conversion poses a challenge in integrating a large scale wind-farm into a weak power system. An actual weak power system with two large Wind-Farms (WFs) coupled to it is introduced as part of this study. A model of this integrated system along with a STATCOM for steady state and dynamic impact study is developed in the MATLAB/Simulink environment. The power quality issues are highlighted and a centralized STATCOM is proposed to solve the issue of the voltage fluctuations in particular in addition to addressing the other issues. Based on the results obtained from the simulation, the system voltage control issues are analyzed and the location of STATCOM is assessed. Finally, a STATCOM control strategy for suppression of voltage fluctuations is presented.
SOLID STATE TRANSFORMER - USING FLYBACK CONVERTERAbhin Mohan
FUTURISTIC ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING PROJECT.
A Device that can step up as well as step down coltage and get output as both DC or AC. Total flexibility of Power using DC link by Flyback Coverter.
Analysis of Fuel Cell Based Multilevel DC-DC Boost Converter for Induction MotorIJMTST Journal
In this paper new topologies and interleaving modulation concepts for multilevel DC-DC boost converter
enabling a significantly less loss and a reduced chip size of the power semiconductors are proposed. The
distributed generation (DG) systems based on the renewable energy sources have rapidly developed in
recent years. These DG systems are powered by micro sources such as fuel cells, photovoltaic (PV) systems,
and batteries. Fuel cells are considered to be one of the most promising sources of distributed energy because
of their high efficiency, low environmental impact and scalability. Non-isolated high step-up DC-DC
converters are required in the industrial applications. Many of these conventional DC–DC converters have the
disadvantages of operating at high duty-cycle, high switch voltage stress and high diode peak current. A
three-level step up converter is implemented to boost the fuel cell stack voltage of 96V to 340V. The proposed
converter consists a system of fuel cell based Multilevel DC-DC converter with PI controller is modeled and
simulated by using Matlab/Simulink.
Power management by using multiport dc – dc converter for renewable energyeSAT Journals
Abstract
This paper proposes, power management of different types of renewable energy source is controlled by multiport DC-DC
converter. In this each port of the converter is connected with controller switch to control the source input of converter. This is
reduces the turn off switching losses by soft switching. The high frequency switches are used to control the power flow. This
converter is proposed to control the hybrid energy generating system, with the ability of bidirectional power flow between battery
and load. The diode bridge rectifier is applicable for high switching frequency operation with realizable component compare with
existing converter. The efficiency of the converter is verified through MATLAB simulation. The operation and design performance
is explained briefly. The proposed converter has reliability operate simultaneous power generation from different renewable
energy source. Fuzzy controller controls the direction of power flow and load voltage of the converter.
Keywords: Isolator, high frequency link, soft switching, multiport converter, PV panel, wind turbine generator (WTG
A generalized switching function-based SVM algorithm of single-phase three-le...IJECEIAES
In this paper, a generalized switching function-based space vector modulation (SVM) algorithm is presented and evaluated to minimize the dc voltage utilization and the ac utility grid current total harmonic distortion. This paper explores the control and modulation techniques of a single-phase three-leg converter with an active power decoupling method, where a generalized SVM algorithm is proposed and evaluated for easy implementation in a digital control platform. The active power decoupling method with the proposed converter can be achieved via dependent control and modulation techniques. The control method is separated into the ac active power control part and the dc power ripple control part, which can maintain a unity power factor at the ac utility grid and reduced the double-frequency ripple power effect on the dc-side. Simulation results validate the performance of the modulation algorithm and its control and demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed power converter, as well as the two mentioned operation modes of the power converter.
“MODELING AND ANALYSIS OF DC-DC CONVERTER FOR RENEWABLE ENERGY SYSTEM” Final...8381801685
This project portrays a comparative analysis of DC-DC Converters for Renewable Energy System. The electrolysis method which increases the hydrogen production and storage rate from wind-PV systems. It has been proved that DC-DC converter with transformer has the desirable features for electrolyser application. The converter operates in lagging PF mode for a very wide change in load and supply voltage variations, thus ensuring ZVS for all the primary switches. The peak current through the switches decreases with load current.This paper portrays a comparative analysis of DC-DC Converters for Renewable Energy System . The simulation and experimental results show that the power gain obtained by this method clearly increases the hydrogen production and storage rate from wind-PV systems. It has been proved that DC-DC converter with transformer has the desirable features for electrolyser application. Theoretical predictions of the selected configuration have been compared with the MATLAB simulation results. The simulation and experimental results indicate that the output of the inverter is nearly sinusoidal. The output of rectifier is pure DC due to the presence of LC filter at the output. It can be seen that the efficiency of DC-DC converter with transformer is 15% higher than the converter without transformer.
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
Filter Based Solar Power Generation System with a Seven Level InverterIJMTST Journal
This paper proposes a new solar power generation system, which is composed of a DC/DC power converter and a new seven-level inverter. The DC/DC power converter integrates a DC-DC boost converter and a transformer to convert the output voltage of the solar cell array into two independent voltage sources with multiple relationships. This new seven-level inverter is configured using a capacitor selection circuit and a full-bridge power converter, connected in cascade. The capacitor selection circuit converts the two output voltage sources of DC-DC power converter into a three-level DC voltage and the full- bridge power converter further converts this three- level DC voltage into a seven-level AC voltage. In this way, the proposed solar power generation system generates a sinusoidal output current that is in phase with the utility voltage and is fed into the utility. The salient features of the proposed seven-level inverter are that only six power electronic switches are used and only one power electronic switch is switched at high frequency at any time. A prototype is developed and tested to verify the performance of this proposed solar power generation system.
Simulation of various DC-DC converters for photovoltaic systemIJECEIAES
This work explains the comparison of various dc-dc converters for photovoltaic systems. In recent day insufficient energy and continues increasing in fuel cost, exploration on renewable energy system becomes more essential. For high and medium power applications, high input source from renewable systems like photovoltaic and wind energy system turn into difficult one, which leads to increase of cost for installation process. So the generated voltage from PV system is boosted with help various boost converter depends on the applications. Here the various converters are like boost converter, buck converter, buck-boost converter, cuk converter, sepic converter and zeta converter are analysed for photovoltaic system, which are verified using matlab / simulink.
Hardware Implementation of Solar Based Boost to SEPIC Converter Fed Nine Leve...IJPEDS-IAES
Multi level inverters are widely used in high power applications because of
low harmonic distortion. This paper deals with the simulation
and implementation of PV based boost to SEPIC converter with multilevel
inverter. The output of PV system is stepped up using boost to sepic
converter and it is converted into AC using a multilevel inverter.
The simulation and experimental results with the R load is presented in this
paper. The FFT analysis is done and the THD values are compared. Boost to
SEPIC converter is proposed to step up the voltage to the required value. The
experimental results are compared with the simulation results. The results
indicate that nine level inverter system has better performance than seven
level inverter system.
There is need for an energy storage device capable of transferring high power in transient situations
aboard naval vessels. Currently, batteries are used to accomplish this task, but previous research has
shown that when utilized at high power rates, these devices deteriorate over time causing a loss in lifespan.
It has been shown that a hybrid energy storage configuration is capable of meeting such a demand while
reducing the strain placed on individual components. While designing a custom converter capable of
controlling the power to and from a battery would be ideal for this application, it can be costly to develop
when compared to purchasing commercially available products. Commercially available products offer
limited controllability in exchange for their proven performance and lower cost point - often times only
allowing a system level control input without any way to interface with low level controls that are
frequently used in controller design. This paper proposes the use of fuzzy logic control in order to provide
a system level control to the converters responsible for limiting power to and from the battery. A system
will be described mathematically, modeled in MATLAB/Simulink, and a fuzzy logic controller will be
compared with a typical controller.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Open-Switch Fault-Tolerant Control of Power Converters in a Grid-Connected Ph...IAES-IJPEDS
This paper presents the study of an open switch fault tolerant control of a
grid-connected photovoltaic system. The studied system is based on the
classical DC-DC boost converter and a bidirectional 6-pulse DC-AC
converter. The objective is to provide an open-switch fault detection method
and fault-tolerant control for both of boost converter and grid-side converter
(GSC) in a grid-connected photovoltaic system. A fast fault detection method
and a reliable fault-tolerant topology are required to ensure continuity of
service, and achieve a faster corrective maintenance. In this work, the mean
value of the error voltages is used as fault indicator for the GSC, while, for
the boost converter the inductor current form is used as fault indicator. The
fault-tolerant topology was achieved by adding one redundant switch to the
boost converter, and by adding one redundant leg to the GSC. The results of
the fault tolerant control are presented and discussed to validate the proposed
approach under different scenarios and different solar irradiances.
Improved Power Quality by using STATCOM Under Various Loading ConditionsIJMTST Journal
A Power quality problem is an occurrence manifested as a nonstandard voltage, current or frequency that
results in a failure or a mis-operation of end user equipment’s. Utility distribution networks, sensitive
industrial loads and critical commercial operations suffer from various types of outages and service
interruptions which can cost significant financial losses. With the restructuring of power systems and with
shifting trend towards distributed and dispersed generation, the issue of power quality is going to take
newer dimensions. Injection of the wind power into an electric grid affects the power quality. The
performance of the wind turbine and thereby power quality are determined on the basis of measurements
and the norms followed according to the guideline specified in International Electro-technical Commission
standard, IEC-61400. The influence of the wind turbine in the grid system concerning the power quality
measurements are-the active power, reactive power, variation of voltage, flicker, harmonics, and electrical
behavior of switching operation and these are measured according to national/international guidelines.
Static Compensator (STATCOM) is connected at a point of common coupling with a battery energy storage
system (BESS) to mitigate the power quality issues. The battery energy storage is integrated to sustain the
real power source under fluctuating wind power. Here two control schemes for STATCOM are Fuzzy logic
controller and hybrid Fuzzy logic controller. We can better response for hybrid fuzzy compare to fuzzy logic
controller. The STATCOM control scheme for the grid connected wind energy generation system for power
quality improvement is simulated using MATLAB/SIMULINK in power system block set. Finally the proposed
scheme is applied for both balanced and unbalanced linear nonlinear loads.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Steady State Operation And Enhancement Of Transient Stability In Hydel Power...IJMER
In this paper, the effect of STATCOM for improving the stability and steady state operation of
the hydel power system is investigated. The STATCOM is used to control power flow of power system by
injecting appropriate reactive power during dynamic state. Simulation results show that STATCOM not
only considerably improves transient stability but also compensates the reactive power in steady state.
Therefore STATCOM can increase reliability and capability of AC transmission system. To illustrate the
performance of the FACTS controller (STATCOM), a three machine nine bus, Multi-Machine Power
System has been considered.
Power quality improvement based on hybrid coordinated design of renewable ene...IJECEIAES
This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of power quality for static synchronous compensator on the distribution power system (DSTATCOM) when different types of energy sources are used to supply the DC link channel of DSTATCOM. These types of power supplies have a different effect on the compensation of DSTATCOM due to operation nature of these sources. The dynamic response of the DSTATCOM has investigated that produced by individual and hybrid energy sources to evaluate the influence of these sources in terms of time response, compensation process and reduce the harmonics of current source. Three cases have been considered in this study. First the photovoltaic (PV) cells alone, second the battery storage alone, and third a hybrid coordinated design between (PV cells with battery storage) is used. A boost DC-DC circuit has connected to a photovoltaic cell with maximum power point tracking (MPPT) while DC-DC buck-boost circuit is used with a battery. High coordination between PV and battery circuits in the hybrid system is used to improve the performance. A synchronous reference frame (SRF) with a unit vector has used to control the DSTATCOM. The simulation results show that the hybrid design has a superiority response compared to the individual sources.
Analysis of Fuel Cell Based Multilevel DC-DC Boost Converter for Induction MotorIJMTST Journal
In this paper new topologies and interleaving modulation concepts for multilevel DC-DC boost converter
enabling a significantly less loss and a reduced chip size of the power semiconductors are proposed. The
distributed generation (DG) systems based on the renewable energy sources have rapidly developed in
recent years. These DG systems are powered by micro sources such as fuel cells, photovoltaic (PV) systems,
and batteries. Fuel cells are considered to be one of the most promising sources of distributed energy because
of their high efficiency, low environmental impact and scalability. Non-isolated high step-up DC-DC
converters are required in the industrial applications. Many of these conventional DC–DC converters have the
disadvantages of operating at high duty-cycle, high switch voltage stress and high diode peak current. A
three-level step up converter is implemented to boost the fuel cell stack voltage of 96V to 340V. The proposed
converter consists a system of fuel cell based Multilevel DC-DC converter with PI controller is modeled and
simulated by using Matlab/Simulink.
Power management by using multiport dc – dc converter for renewable energyeSAT Journals
Abstract
This paper proposes, power management of different types of renewable energy source is controlled by multiport DC-DC
converter. In this each port of the converter is connected with controller switch to control the source input of converter. This is
reduces the turn off switching losses by soft switching. The high frequency switches are used to control the power flow. This
converter is proposed to control the hybrid energy generating system, with the ability of bidirectional power flow between battery
and load. The diode bridge rectifier is applicable for high switching frequency operation with realizable component compare with
existing converter. The efficiency of the converter is verified through MATLAB simulation. The operation and design performance
is explained briefly. The proposed converter has reliability operate simultaneous power generation from different renewable
energy source. Fuzzy controller controls the direction of power flow and load voltage of the converter.
Keywords: Isolator, high frequency link, soft switching, multiport converter, PV panel, wind turbine generator (WTG
A generalized switching function-based SVM algorithm of single-phase three-le...IJECEIAES
In this paper, a generalized switching function-based space vector modulation (SVM) algorithm is presented and evaluated to minimize the dc voltage utilization and the ac utility grid current total harmonic distortion. This paper explores the control and modulation techniques of a single-phase three-leg converter with an active power decoupling method, where a generalized SVM algorithm is proposed and evaluated for easy implementation in a digital control platform. The active power decoupling method with the proposed converter can be achieved via dependent control and modulation techniques. The control method is separated into the ac active power control part and the dc power ripple control part, which can maintain a unity power factor at the ac utility grid and reduced the double-frequency ripple power effect on the dc-side. Simulation results validate the performance of the modulation algorithm and its control and demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed power converter, as well as the two mentioned operation modes of the power converter.
“MODELING AND ANALYSIS OF DC-DC CONVERTER FOR RENEWABLE ENERGY SYSTEM” Final...8381801685
This project portrays a comparative analysis of DC-DC Converters for Renewable Energy System. The electrolysis method which increases the hydrogen production and storage rate from wind-PV systems. It has been proved that DC-DC converter with transformer has the desirable features for electrolyser application. The converter operates in lagging PF mode for a very wide change in load and supply voltage variations, thus ensuring ZVS for all the primary switches. The peak current through the switches decreases with load current.This paper portrays a comparative analysis of DC-DC Converters for Renewable Energy System . The simulation and experimental results show that the power gain obtained by this method clearly increases the hydrogen production and storage rate from wind-PV systems. It has been proved that DC-DC converter with transformer has the desirable features for electrolyser application. Theoretical predictions of the selected configuration have been compared with the MATLAB simulation results. The simulation and experimental results indicate that the output of the inverter is nearly sinusoidal. The output of rectifier is pure DC due to the presence of LC filter at the output. It can be seen that the efficiency of DC-DC converter with transformer is 15% higher than the converter without transformer.
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
Filter Based Solar Power Generation System with a Seven Level InverterIJMTST Journal
This paper proposes a new solar power generation system, which is composed of a DC/DC power converter and a new seven-level inverter. The DC/DC power converter integrates a DC-DC boost converter and a transformer to convert the output voltage of the solar cell array into two independent voltage sources with multiple relationships. This new seven-level inverter is configured using a capacitor selection circuit and a full-bridge power converter, connected in cascade. The capacitor selection circuit converts the two output voltage sources of DC-DC power converter into a three-level DC voltage and the full- bridge power converter further converts this three- level DC voltage into a seven-level AC voltage. In this way, the proposed solar power generation system generates a sinusoidal output current that is in phase with the utility voltage and is fed into the utility. The salient features of the proposed seven-level inverter are that only six power electronic switches are used and only one power electronic switch is switched at high frequency at any time. A prototype is developed and tested to verify the performance of this proposed solar power generation system.
Simulation of various DC-DC converters for photovoltaic systemIJECEIAES
This work explains the comparison of various dc-dc converters for photovoltaic systems. In recent day insufficient energy and continues increasing in fuel cost, exploration on renewable energy system becomes more essential. For high and medium power applications, high input source from renewable systems like photovoltaic and wind energy system turn into difficult one, which leads to increase of cost for installation process. So the generated voltage from PV system is boosted with help various boost converter depends on the applications. Here the various converters are like boost converter, buck converter, buck-boost converter, cuk converter, sepic converter and zeta converter are analysed for photovoltaic system, which are verified using matlab / simulink.
Hardware Implementation of Solar Based Boost to SEPIC Converter Fed Nine Leve...IJPEDS-IAES
Multi level inverters are widely used in high power applications because of
low harmonic distortion. This paper deals with the simulation
and implementation of PV based boost to SEPIC converter with multilevel
inverter. The output of PV system is stepped up using boost to sepic
converter and it is converted into AC using a multilevel inverter.
The simulation and experimental results with the R load is presented in this
paper. The FFT analysis is done and the THD values are compared. Boost to
SEPIC converter is proposed to step up the voltage to the required value. The
experimental results are compared with the simulation results. The results
indicate that nine level inverter system has better performance than seven
level inverter system.
There is need for an energy storage device capable of transferring high power in transient situations
aboard naval vessels. Currently, batteries are used to accomplish this task, but previous research has
shown that when utilized at high power rates, these devices deteriorate over time causing a loss in lifespan.
It has been shown that a hybrid energy storage configuration is capable of meeting such a demand while
reducing the strain placed on individual components. While designing a custom converter capable of
controlling the power to and from a battery would be ideal for this application, it can be costly to develop
when compared to purchasing commercially available products. Commercially available products offer
limited controllability in exchange for their proven performance and lower cost point - often times only
allowing a system level control input without any way to interface with low level controls that are
frequently used in controller design. This paper proposes the use of fuzzy logic control in order to provide
a system level control to the converters responsible for limiting power to and from the battery. A system
will be described mathematically, modeled in MATLAB/Simulink, and a fuzzy logic controller will be
compared with a typical controller.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Open-Switch Fault-Tolerant Control of Power Converters in a Grid-Connected Ph...IAES-IJPEDS
This paper presents the study of an open switch fault tolerant control of a
grid-connected photovoltaic system. The studied system is based on the
classical DC-DC boost converter and a bidirectional 6-pulse DC-AC
converter. The objective is to provide an open-switch fault detection method
and fault-tolerant control for both of boost converter and grid-side converter
(GSC) in a grid-connected photovoltaic system. A fast fault detection method
and a reliable fault-tolerant topology are required to ensure continuity of
service, and achieve a faster corrective maintenance. In this work, the mean
value of the error voltages is used as fault indicator for the GSC, while, for
the boost converter the inductor current form is used as fault indicator. The
fault-tolerant topology was achieved by adding one redundant switch to the
boost converter, and by adding one redundant leg to the GSC. The results of
the fault tolerant control are presented and discussed to validate the proposed
approach under different scenarios and different solar irradiances.
Improved Power Quality by using STATCOM Under Various Loading ConditionsIJMTST Journal
A Power quality problem is an occurrence manifested as a nonstandard voltage, current or frequency that
results in a failure or a mis-operation of end user equipment’s. Utility distribution networks, sensitive
industrial loads and critical commercial operations suffer from various types of outages and service
interruptions which can cost significant financial losses. With the restructuring of power systems and with
shifting trend towards distributed and dispersed generation, the issue of power quality is going to take
newer dimensions. Injection of the wind power into an electric grid affects the power quality. The
performance of the wind turbine and thereby power quality are determined on the basis of measurements
and the norms followed according to the guideline specified in International Electro-technical Commission
standard, IEC-61400. The influence of the wind turbine in the grid system concerning the power quality
measurements are-the active power, reactive power, variation of voltage, flicker, harmonics, and electrical
behavior of switching operation and these are measured according to national/international guidelines.
Static Compensator (STATCOM) is connected at a point of common coupling with a battery energy storage
system (BESS) to mitigate the power quality issues. The battery energy storage is integrated to sustain the
real power source under fluctuating wind power. Here two control schemes for STATCOM are Fuzzy logic
controller and hybrid Fuzzy logic controller. We can better response for hybrid fuzzy compare to fuzzy logic
controller. The STATCOM control scheme for the grid connected wind energy generation system for power
quality improvement is simulated using MATLAB/SIMULINK in power system block set. Finally the proposed
scheme is applied for both balanced and unbalanced linear nonlinear loads.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Steady State Operation And Enhancement Of Transient Stability In Hydel Power...IJMER
In this paper, the effect of STATCOM for improving the stability and steady state operation of
the hydel power system is investigated. The STATCOM is used to control power flow of power system by
injecting appropriate reactive power during dynamic state. Simulation results show that STATCOM not
only considerably improves transient stability but also compensates the reactive power in steady state.
Therefore STATCOM can increase reliability and capability of AC transmission system. To illustrate the
performance of the FACTS controller (STATCOM), a three machine nine bus, Multi-Machine Power
System has been considered.
Power quality improvement based on hybrid coordinated design of renewable ene...IJECEIAES
This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of power quality for static synchronous compensator on the distribution power system (DSTATCOM) when different types of energy sources are used to supply the DC link channel of DSTATCOM. These types of power supplies have a different effect on the compensation of DSTATCOM due to operation nature of these sources. The dynamic response of the DSTATCOM has investigated that produced by individual and hybrid energy sources to evaluate the influence of these sources in terms of time response, compensation process and reduce the harmonics of current source. Three cases have been considered in this study. First the photovoltaic (PV) cells alone, second the battery storage alone, and third a hybrid coordinated design between (PV cells with battery storage) is used. A boost DC-DC circuit has connected to a photovoltaic cell with maximum power point tracking (MPPT) while DC-DC buck-boost circuit is used with a battery. High coordination between PV and battery circuits in the hybrid system is used to improve the performance. A synchronous reference frame (SRF) with a unit vector has used to control the DSTATCOM. The simulation results show that the hybrid design has a superiority response compared to the individual sources.
A Power quality problem is an occurrence of nonstandard voltage, current or frequency that results in a
failure or a misoperation of end user equipments. Utility distribution networks, sensitive industrial loads and
critical commercial operations suffer from various types of outages and service interruptions which can cost
significant financial losses. With the increase in load demand, the Renewable Energy Sources (RES) are
increasingly connected in the distribution systems which utilizes power electronic Converters/Inverters. This
paper presents a single-stage, three-phase grid connected solar photovoltaic (SPV) system. The proposed system
is dual purpose, as it not only feeds extracted solar energy into the grid but it also helps in improving power
quality in the distribution system. The presented system serves the purpose of maximum power point tracking
(MPPT), feeding SPV energy to the grid, harmonics mitigation of loads connected at point of common coupling
(PCC) and balancing the grid currents. The SPV system uses a three-phase voltage source converter (VSC) for
performing all these functions. An improved linear sinusoidal tracer (ILST)-based control algorithm is proposed
for control of VSC. In the proposed system, a variable dc link voltage is used for MPPT. An instantaneous
compensation technique is used incorporating changes in PV power for fast dynamic response. The SPV system
is first simulated in MATLAB along with Simulink and simpower system toolboxes.
An Approach of D-STATCOM in Single Phase System with Power Quality ImprovementIJERA Editor
The paper describes the design of D-STATCOM in single phase for voltage interruption mitigation of fault in an unbalance system. Speed of response is higher than static var compensator (SVC) and harmonic emission is less than SVC that is why D-STATCOM is used in place of static var compensator. It validates the performance of D-STATCOM for improving power quality and harmonics. It provides a guide for utilities to have an appropriate choice of FACTS devices for enhancing stability. The work proposes a two pulse STATCOM configurations in which voltage source inverter uses IGBT as a switching device have been simulated using MATLAB/SIMULINK. Accordingly, simulation is first carried out to illustrate use of D-STATCOM in mitigating voltage interruption in single phase. The scope of the paper is to explore the D-STATCOM in single phase. Normally, D-STATCOM is not used in single phase, so an attempt has been made to introduce DSTATCOM in single phase load or household applications. Simulation results of 3KVAR D-STATCOM validate that integrated D-STATCOM with 230V, 91μF capacitor is suited for single phase system with voltage interruption mitigation capacit
International Journal of Engineering Research and DevelopmentIJERD Editor
Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering,
Information Engineering and Technology,
Mechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering,
Automation and Mechatronics Engineering,
Material and Chemical Engineering,
Civil and Architecture Engineering,
Biotechnology and Bio Engineering,
Environmental Engineering,
Petroleum and Mining Engineering,
Marine and Agriculture engineering,
Aerospace Engineering.
Impact of hybrid FACTS devices on the stability of the Kenyan power system IJECEIAES
Flexible alternating current transmission system (FACTS) devices are deployed for improving power system’s stability either singly or as a combination. This research investigates hybrid FACTS devices and studies their impact on voltage, small-signal and transient stability simultaneously under various system disturbances. The simulations were done using five FACTS devices-static var compensator (SVC), static synchronous compensator (STATCOM), static synchronous series compensators (SSSC), thyristor controlled series compensator (TCSC) and unified power flow controller (UPFC) in MATLAB’s power system analysis toolbox (PSAT). These five devices were grouped into ten pairs and tested on Kenya’s transmission network under specific contingencies: the loss of a major generating machine and/or transmission line. The UPFC-STATCOM pair performed the best in all the three aspects under study. The settling times were 3 seconds and 3.05 seconds respectively for voltage and rotor angle improvement on the loss of a major generator at normal operation. The same pair gave settling times of 2.11 seconds and 3.12 seconds for voltage and rotor angle stability improvement respectively on the loss of a major transmission line at 140% system loading. From the study, two novel techniques were developed: A performance-based ranking system and classification for FACTS devices.
Five control algorithms are presented in this paper for STATCOM that meets the requirement of load reactive power and correspondingly voltage balancing of isolated dc capacitors for H-bridges. The control techniques used for an inverter in this paper are Sinusoidal Phase Shifted Carrier (SPSC) PWM, Sinusoidal Phase Disposition (SPD) PWM Third Harmonic Injected Phase Shifted Carrier (THIPSC) PWM, Space Vector Phase Shifted Carrier (SVPSC) PWM, and Space Vector Phase Disposition (SVPD) PWM techniques. The STATCOM performance for the different load changes is simulated in MATLAB environment. The performance parameters such as balancing the DC link voltage, THD for the STATCOM output currents, voltages, and reactive components supplied by the STATCOM to the load are compared for all the control strategies.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Development is an international premier peer reviewed open access engineering and technology journal promoting the discovery, innovation, advancement and dissemination of basic and transitional knowledge in engineering, technology and related disciplines.
We follow "Rigorous Publication" model - means that all articles appear on IJERD after full appraisal, effectiveness, legitimacy and reliability of research content. International Journal of Engineering Research and Development publishes papers online as well as provide hard copy of Journal to authors after publication of paper. It is intended to serve as a forum for researchers, practitioners and developers to exchange ideas and results for the advancement of Engineering & Technology.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Development is an international premier peer reviewed open access engineering and technology journal promoting the discovery, innovation, advancement and dissemination of basic and transitional knowledge in engineering, technology and related disciplines.
We follow "Rigorous Publication" model - means that all articles appear on IJERD after full appraisal, effectiveness, legitimacy and reliability of research content. International Journal of Engineering Research and Development publishes papers online as well as provide hard copy of Journal to authors after publication of paper. It is intended to serve as a forum for researchers, practitioners and developers to exchange ideas and results for the advancement of Engineering & Technology.
STATCOM A Review on Different Configurations and Topologiesijtsrd
Synchronous static compensators STATCOMs have been presented as a member of flexible alternating current transmission systems devices family in both distribution and transmission levels, namely distribution STATCOM and transmission STATCOM, respectively. These compensators have an important role in increasing the power quality in power systems because of having features investigated in various studies and because of the proper implementation of power functions, especially in compensating the voltage flicker. Studies on STATCOM can be categorized in two different parts. The first part is about the various topologies of the electronic converters used in the compensator and different arrangements of the coupling transformers with the network, which can be named as the power part. The second part is about theorizing at the control level, which eventually ends in producing the proper gate signals to control the switching of the electronic power switches in the power part. Considering the fact that two comprehensive reviews on STATCOM have been published in 2002 and 2009, this paper based on the aforementioned categorization reviews the studies fulfilled in the field of synchronous static compensator, especially the relevant studies in recent years published in creditable journals. The paper makes connections among the control methods and compares the ideas about power stage from different perspectives, so that conducted studies will be organized in a systematic order. Simranpreet Singh "STATCOM: A Review on Different Configurations and Topologies" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-2 , February 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd20315.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/20315/statcom-a-review-on-different-configurations-and-topologies/simranpreet-singh
A Hybrid Control Scheme for Fault Ride-Through Capability using Line-Side Con...Suganthi Thangaraj
As the wind power installations are increasing in number, Wind Turbine Generators (WTG) are required to have Fault Ride-Through (FRT) capabilities. Lately developed grid operating codes demand the WTGs to stay connected during fault conditions, supporting the grid to recover faster back to its normal state. In this paper, the generator side converter incorporates the maximum power point tracking algorithm to extract maximum energy from wind turbine system. A hybrid control scheme for energy storage systems (ESS) and braking choppers for fault ride-through capability and a suppression of the output power fluctuation is proposed for permanent-magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) wind turbine systems. During grid faults, the dc-link voltage is controlled by the ESS instead of the line-side converter (LSC), whereas the LSC is exploited as a STATCOM to inject reactive current into the grid for assisting in the grid voltage recovery. A simple model of the proposed system is developed and simulated in MATLAB environment. The effectiveness of the system is validated through extensive simulation results
Hybrid energy storage system optimal sizing for urban electrical bus regardin...IJECEIAES
This paper proposes an algorithm for sizing the hybrid energy storage system of an urban electrical bus regarding battery thermal behavior. The aim of this study is to get the supercapacitors optimal contribution part in the hybrid energy storage system to keep the battery temperature within its allowable limit. A semi-active parallel topology that uses supercapacitors as a main source of energy is considered. According to the bus mechanical parameters and the ARTEMIS driving cycle, the power and energy demand are calculated. Using mathematical models for the battery, supercapacitors and DC-DC converter, several simulations are performed for different hybridization percentages. While observing the evolution of battery temperature, the most favorable hybridization percentage is defined.
Similar to 02 19 jan17 12566 final paper in ijeecs format(edit) (20)
In our homes or offices, security has been a vital issue. Control of home security system remotely always offers huge advantages like the arming or disarming of the alarms, video monitoring, and energy management control apart from safeguarding the home free up intruders. Considering the oldest simple methods of security that is the mechanical lock system that has a key as the authentication element, then an upgrade to a universal type, and now unique codes for the lock. The recent advancement in the communication system has brought the tremendous application of communication gadgets into our various areas of life. This work is a real-time smart doorbell notification system for home Security as opposes of the traditional security methods, it is composed of the doorbell interfaced with GSM Module, a GSM module would be triggered to send an SMS to the house owner by pressing the doorbell, the owner will respond to the guest by pressing a button to open the door, otherwise, a message would be displayed to the guest for appropriate action. Then, the keypad is provided for an authorized person for the provision of password for door unlocking, if multiple wrong password attempts were made to unlock, a message of burglary attempt would be sent to the house owner for prompt action. The main benefit of this system is the uniqueness of the incorporation of the password and messaging systems which denies access to any unauthorized personality and owner's awareness method.
Augmented reality, the new age technology, has widespread applications in every field imaginable. This technology has proven to be an inflection point in numerous verticals, improving lives and improving performance. In this paper, we explore the various possible applications of Augmented Reality (AR) in the field of Medicine. The objective of using AR in medicine or generally in any field is the fact that, AR helps in motivating the user, making sessions interactive and assist in faster learning. In this paper, we discuss about the applicability of AR in the field of medical diagnosis. Augmented reality technology reinforces remote collaboration, allowing doctors to diagnose patients from a different locality. Additionally, we believe that a much more pronounced effect can be achieved by bringing together the cutting edge technology of AR and the lifesaving field of Medical sciences. AR is a mechanism that could be applied in the learning process too. Similarly, virtual reality could be used in the field where more of practical experience is needed such as driving, sports, neonatal care training.
Image fusion is a sub field of image processing in which more than one images are fused to create an image where all the objects are in focus. The process of image fusion is performed for multi-sensor and multi-focus images of the same scene. Multi-sensor images of the same scene are captured by different sensors whereas multi-focus images are captured by the same sensor. In multi-focus images, the objects in the scene which are closer to the camera are in focus and the farther objects get blurred. Contrary to it, when the farther objects are focused then closer objects get blurred in the image. To achieve an image where all the objects are in focus, the process of images fusion is performed either in spatial domain or in transformed domain. In recent times, the applications of image processing have grown immensely. Usually due to limited depth of field of optical lenses especially with greater focal length, it becomes impossible to obtain an image where all the objects are in focus. Thus, it plays an important role to perform other tasks of image processing such as image segmentation, edge detection, stereo matching and image enhancement. Hence, a novel feature-level multi-focus image fusion technique has been proposed which fuses multi-focus images. Thus, the results of extensive experimentation performed to highlight the efficiency and utility of the proposed technique is presented. The proposed work further explores comparison between fuzzy based image fusion and neuro fuzzy fusion technique along with quality evaluation indices.
Graphs have become the dominant life-form of many tasks as they advance a
structure to represent many tasks and the corresponding relations. A powerful
role of networks/graphs is to bridge local feats that exist in vertices as they
blossom into patterns that help explain how nodal relations and their edges
impacts a complex effect that ripple via a graph. User cluster are formed as a
result of interactions between entities. Many users can hardly categorize their
contact into groups today such as “family”, “friends”, “colleagues” etc. Thus,
the need to analyze such user social graph via implicit clusters, enables the
dynamism in contact management. Study seeks to implement this dynamism
via a comparative study of deep neural network and friend suggest algorithm.
We analyze a user’s implicit social graph and seek to automatically create
custom contact groups using metrics that classify such contacts based on a
user’s affinity to contacts. Experimental results demonstrate the importance
of both the implicit group relationships and the interaction-based affinity in
suggesting friends.
This paper projects Gryllidae Optimization Algorithm (GOA) has been applied to solve optimal reactive power problem. Proposed GOA approach is based on the chirping characteristics of Gryllidae. In common, male Gryllidae chirp, on the other hand some female Gryllidae also do as well. Male Gryllidae draw the females by this sound which they produce. Moreover, they caution the other Gryllidae against dangers with this sound. The hearing organs of the Gryllidae are housed in an expansion of their forelegs. Through this, they bias to the produced fluttering sounds. Proposed Gryllidae Optimization Algorithm (GOA) has been tested in standard IEEE 14, 30 bus test systems and simulation results show that the projected algorithms reduced the real power loss considerably.
In the wake of the sudden replacement of wood and kerosene by gas cookers for several purposes in Nigeria, gas leakage has caused several damages in our homes, Laboratories among others. installation of a gas leakage detection device was globally inspired to eliminate accidents related to gas leakage. We present an alternative approach to developing a device that can automatically detect and control gas leakages and also monitor temperature. The system detects the leakage of the LPG (Liquefied Petroleum Gas) using a gas sensor, then triggred the control system response which employs ventilator system, Mobile phone alert and alarm when the LPG concentration in the air exceeds a certain level. The performance of two gas sensors (MQ5 and MQ6) were tested for a guided decision. Also, when the temperature of the environment poses a danger, LED (indicator), buzzer and LCD (16x2) display was used to indicate temperature and gas leakage status in degree Celsius and PPM respectively. Attension was given to the response time of the control system, which was ascertained that this system significantly increases the chances and efficiency of eliminating gas leakage related accident.
Feature selection problem is one of the main important problems in the text and data mining domain. This paper presents a comparative study of feature selection methods for Arabic text classification. Five of the feature selection methods were selected: ICHI square, CHI square, Information Gain, Mutual Information and Wrapper. It was tested with five classification algorithms: Bayes Net, Naive Bayes, Random Forest, Decision Tree and Artificial Neural Networks. In addition, Data Collection was used in Arabic consisting of 9055 documents, which were compared by four criteria: Precision, Recall, F-measure and Time to build model. The results showed that the improved ICHI feature selection got almost all the best results in comparison with other methods.
In this paper Gentoo Penguin Algorithm (GPA) is proposed to solve optimal reactive power problem. Gentoo Penguins preliminary population possesses heat radiation and magnetizes each other by absorption coefficient. Gentoo Penguins will move towards further penguins which possesses low cost (elevated heat concentration) of absorption. Cost is defined by the heat concentration, distance. Gentoo Penguins penguin attraction value is calculated by the amount of heat prevailed between two Gentoo penguins. Gentoo Penguins heat radiation is measured as linear. Less heat is received in longer distance, in little distance, huge heat is received. Gentoo Penguin Algorithm has been tested in standard IEEE 57 bus test system and simulation results show the projected algorithm reduced the real power loss considerably.
08 20272 academic insight on applicationIAESIJEECS
This research has thrown up many questions in need of further investigation.There was an expressive quantitative-qualitative research, which a common investigation form was used in.The dialogue item was also applied to discover if the contributors asserted the media-based attitude supplements their learning of academic English writing classes or not.Data recounted academic” insights toward using Skype as a sustaining implement for lessons releasing based on chosen variables: their occupation, year of education, and knowledge with Skype discovered that there were no important statistical differences in the use of Skype units because of medical academics major knowledge. There are statistically important differences in using Skype units. The findings also, disclosed that there are statistically significant differences in using Skype units due to the practice with Skype variable, in favors of academics with no Skype use practice. Skype instrument as an instructive media is a positive medium to be employed to supply academic medical writing data and assist education. Academics who do not have enough time to contribute in classes believe comfortable using the Skype-based attitude in scientific writing. They who took part in the course claimed that their approval of this media is due to learning academic innovative medical writing.
Cloud computing has sweeping impact on the human productivity. Today it’s used for Computing, Storage, Predictions and Intelligent Decision Making, among others. Intelligent Decision-Making using Machine Learning has pushed for the Cloud Services to be even more fast, robust and accurate. Security remains one of the major concerns which affect the cloud computing growth however there exist various research challenges in cloud computing adoption such as lack of well managed service level agreement (SLA), frequent disconnections, resource scarcity, interoperability, privacy, and reliability. Tremendous amount of work still needs to be done to explore the security challenges arising due to widespread usage of cloud deployment using Containers. We also discuss Impact of Cloud Computing and Cloud Standards. Hence in this research paper, a detailed survey of cloud computing, concepts, architectural principles, key services, and implementation, design and deployment challenges of cloud computing are discussed in detail and important future research directions in the era of Machine Learning and Data Science have been identified.
Notary is an official authorized to make an authentic deed regarding all deeds, agreements and stipulations required by a general rule. Activities carried out at the notary office such as recording client data and file data still use traditional systems that tend to be manual. The problem that occurs is the inefficiency in data processing and providing information to clients. Clients have difficulty getting information related to the progress of documents that are being taken care of at the notary's office. The client must take the time to arrive to the notary's office repeatedly to check the progress of the work of the document file. The purpose of this study is to facilitate clients in obtaining information about the progress of the work in progress, and make it easier for employees to process incoming documents by implementing an administrative system. This system was developed with the waterfall system development method and uses the Multi-Channel Access Technology integrated in the website to simplify the process of delivering information and requesting information from clients and to clients with Telegram and SMS Gateway. Clients will come to the office only when there is a notification from the system via Telegram or SMS notifying that the client must come directly to the notary's office, thus leading to an efficient time and avoiding excessive transportation costs. The overall functional system can function properly based on the results of alpha testing. The results of beta testing conducted by distributing the system feasibility test questionnaire to end users, get a percentage of 96% of users agree the system is feasible to be implemented.
In this work Tundra wolf algorithm (TWA) is proposed to solve the optimal reactive power problem. In the projected Tundra wolf algorithm (TWA) in order to avoid the searching agents from trapping into the local optimal the converging towards global optimal is divided based on two different conditions. In the proposed Tundra wolf algorithm (TWA) omega tundra wolf has been taken as searching agent as an alternative of indebted to pursue the first three most excellent candidates. Escalating the searching agents’ numbers will perk up the exploration capability of the Tundra wolf wolves in an extensive range. Proposed Tundra wolf algorithm (TWA) has been tested in standard IEEE 14, 30 bus test systems and simulation results show the proposed algorithm reduced the real power loss effectively.
In this work Predestination of Particles Wavering Search (PPS) algorithm has been applied to solve optimal reactive power problem. PPS algorithm has been modeled based on the motion of the particles in the exploration space. Normally the movement of the particle is based on gradient and swarming motion. Particles are permitted to progress in steady velocity in gradient-based progress, but when the outcome is poor when compared to previous upshot, immediately particle rapidity will be upturned with semi of the magnitude and it will help to reach local optimal solution and it is expressed as wavering movement. In standard IEEE 14, 30, 57,118,300 bus systems Proposed Predestination of Particles Wavering Search (PPS) algorithm is evaluated and simulation results show the PPS reduced the power loss efficiently.
In this paper, Mine Blast Algorithm (MBA) has been intermingled with Harmony Search (HS) algorithm for solving optimal reactive power dispatch problem. MBA is based on explosion of landmines and HS is based on Creativeness progression of musicians-both are hybridized to solve the problem. In MBA Initial distance of shrapnel pieces are reduced gradually to allow the mine bombs search the probable global minimum location in order to amplify the global explore capability. Harmony search (HS) imitates the music creativity process where the musicians supervise their instruments’ pitch by searching for a best state of harmony. Hybridization of Mine Blast Algorithm with Harmony Search algorithm (MH) improves the search effectively in the solution space. Mine blast algorithm improves the exploration and harmony search algorithm augments the exploitation. At first the proposed algorithm starts with exploration & gradually it moves to the phase of exploitation. Proposed Hybridized Mine Blast Algorithm with Harmony Search algorithm (MH) has been tested on standard IEEE 14, 300 bus test systems. Real power loss has been reduced considerably by the proposed algorithm. Then Hybridized Mine Blast Algorithm with Harmony Search algorithm (MH) tested in IEEE 30, bus system (with considering voltage stability index)- real power loss minimization, voltage deviation minimization, and voltage stability index enhancement has been attained.
Artificial Neural Networks have proved their efficiency in a large number of research domains. In this paper, we have applied Artificial Neural Networks on Arabic text to prove correct language modeling, text generation, and missing text prediction. In one hand, we have adapted Recurrent Neural Networks architectures to model Arabic language in order to generate correct Arabic sequences. In the other hand, Convolutional Neural Networks have been parameterized, basing on some specific features of Arabic, to predict missing text in Arabic documents. We have demonstrated the power of our adapted models in generating and predicting correct Arabic text comparing to the standard model. The model had been trained and tested on known free Arabic datasets. Results have been promising with sufficient accuracy.
In the present-day communications speech signals get contaminated due to
various sorts of noises that degrade the speech quality and adversely impacts
speech recognition performance. To overcome these issues, a novel approach
for speech enhancement using Modified Wiener filtering is developed and
power spectrum computation is applied for degraded signal to obtain the
noise characteristics from a noisy spectrum. In next phase, MMSE technique
is applied where Gaussian distribution of each signal i.e. original and noisy
signal is analyzed. The Gaussian distribution provides spectrum estimation
and spectral coefficient parameters which can be used for probabilistic model
formulation. Moreover, a-priori-SNR computation is also incorporated for
coefficient updation and noise presence estimation which operates similar to
the conventional VAD. However, conventional VAD scheme is based on the
hard threshold which is not capable to derive satisfactory performance and a
soft-decision based threshold is developed for improving the performance of
speech enhancement. An extensive simulation study is carried out using
MATLAB simulation tool on NOIZEUS speech database and a comparative
study is presented where proposed approach is proved better in comparison
with existing technique.
Previous research work has highlighted that neuro-signals of Alzheimer’s disease patients are least complex and have low synchronization as compared to that of healthy and normal subjects. The changes in EEG signals of Alzheimer’s subjects start at early stage but are not clinically observed and detected. To detect these abnormalities, three synchrony measures and wavelet-based features have been computed and studied on experimental database. After computing these synchrony measures and wavelet features, it is observed that Phase Synchrony and Coherence based features are able to distinguish between Alzheimer’s disease patients and healthy subjects. Support Vector Machine classifier is used for classification giving 94% accuracy on experimental database used. Combining, these synchrony features and other such relevant features can yield a reliable system for diagnosing the Alzheimer’s disease.
Attenuation correction designed for PET/MR hybrid imaging frameworks along with portion making arrangements used for MR-based radiation treatment remain testing because of lacking high-energy photon weakening data. We present a new method so as to uses the learned nonlinear neighborhood descriptors also highlight coordinating toward foresee pseudo-CT pictures starting T1w along with T2w MRI information. The nonlinear neighborhood descriptors are acquired through anticipating the direct descriptors interested in the nonlinear high-dimensional space utilizing an unequivocal constituent guide also low-position guess through regulated complex regularization. The nearby neighbors of every near descriptor inside the data MR pictures are looked during an obliged spatial extent of the MR pictures among the training dataset. By that point, the pseudo-CT patches are evaluated through k-closest neighbor relapse. The planned procedure designed for pseudo-CT forecast is quantitatively broke downward on top of a dataset comprising of coordinated mind MRI along with CT pictures on or after 13 subjects.
The cognitive radio prototype performance is to alleviate the scarcity of spectral resources for wireless communication through intelligent sensing and quick resource allocation techniques. Secondary users (SU’s) actively obtain the spectrum access opportunity by supporting primary users (PU’s) in cognitive radio networks (CRNs). In present generation, spectrum access is endowed through cooperative communication-based link-level frame-based cooperative (LLC) principle. In this SUs independently act as conveyors for PUs to achieve spectrum access opportunities. Unfortunately, this LLC approach cannot fully exploit spectrum access opportunities to enhance the throughput of CRNs and fails to motivate PUs to join the spectrum sharing processes. Therefore, to overcome this con, network level cooperative (NLC) principle was used, where SUs are integrated mutually to collaborate with PUs session by session, instead of frame based cooperation for spectrum access opportunities. NLC approach has justified the challenges facing in LLC approach. In this paper we make a survey of some models that have been proposed to tackle the problem of LLC. We show the relevant aspects of each model, in order to characterize the parameters that we should take in account to achieve a spectrum access opportunity.
In this paper, the author provides insights and lessons that can be learned from colleagues at American universities about their online education experiences. The literature review and previous studies of online educations gains are explored and summarized in this research. Emerging trends in online education are discussed in detail, and strategies to implement these trends are explained. The author provides several tools and strategies that enable universities to ensure the quality of online education. At the end of this research paper, the researcher provides examples from Arab universities who have successfully implemented online education and expanded their impact on the society. This research provides a strategy and a model that can be used by universities in the Middle East as a roadmap to implement online education in their regions.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
6th International Conference on Machine Learning & Applications (CMLA 2024)ClaraZara1
6th International Conference on Machine Learning & Applications (CMLA 2024) will provide an excellent international forum for sharing knowledge and results in theory, methodology and applications of on Machine Learning & Applications.
Hierarchical Digital Twin of a Naval Power SystemKerry Sado
A hierarchical digital twin of a Naval DC power system has been developed and experimentally verified. Similar to other state-of-the-art digital twins, this technology creates a digital replica of the physical system executed in real-time or faster, which can modify hardware controls. However, its advantage stems from distributing computational efforts by utilizing a hierarchical structure composed of lower-level digital twin blocks and a higher-level system digital twin. Each digital twin block is associated with a physical subsystem of the hardware and communicates with a singular system digital twin, which creates a system-level response. By extracting information from each level of the hierarchy, power system controls of the hardware were reconfigured autonomously. This hierarchical digital twin development offers several advantages over other digital twins, particularly in the field of naval power systems. The hierarchical structure allows for greater computational efficiency and scalability while the ability to autonomously reconfigure hardware controls offers increased flexibility and responsiveness. The hierarchical decomposition and models utilized were well aligned with the physical twin, as indicated by the maximum deviations between the developed digital twin hierarchy and the hardware.
Harnessing WebAssembly for Real-time Stateless Streaming PipelinesChristina Lin
Traditionally, dealing with real-time data pipelines has involved significant overhead, even for straightforward tasks like data transformation or masking. However, in this talk, we’ll venture into the dynamic realm of WebAssembly (WASM) and discover how it can revolutionize the creation of stateless streaming pipelines within a Kafka (Redpanda) broker. These pipelines are adept at managing low-latency, high-data-volume scenarios.
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
2. IJEECS ISSN: 2502-4752
STATCOM with Battery and Super Capacitor Hybrid Energy Storage… (Tanneeru Renuka)
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STATCOM with different energy storage systems which are used in different areas of power
system like wind turbine, arc furnace, smart grid and also for power oscillation damping. The
batteries which are used as energy storage elements have some disadvantages. The main
disadvantage is they unable to handle rapid power fluctuations.
To improve power system operations many authors have been used STATCOM and
energy storage systems independently. There are many energy storage methods like batteries,
fly wheels, compressed air energy, production of hydrogen, superconducting magnetic energy
storage, super capacitors and hydro pump stations are mentioned in reference [11] by P.F.
Ribeiro, M.L. Crow, B.K. Johnson, Y. Liu, and A. Arsoy. In reference [12] authors were studied
about super capacitor with integration of DSTATCOM to improve power quality and enhance
system reliability. Reference [13] explained and proved enhancement of performance of wind
generator system taking after serious low voltage condition. Results are verified under low
voltage situations for both single and multi machine models and additionally proved suppression
of electro mechanical transients by using STATCOM and super capacitor combination. In
reference [14] authors were taken the combination of SMES with STATCOM for efficient
damping of SSR and improvement of power system stability by compensating real and reactive
power. In reference [15] authors were designed effective controller for damping the electro
mechanical oscillations of SMIB system by using STATCOM and BESS. From reference [16] to
[19] authors different researches work on STATCOM with Energy storage system for different
applications of power systems. Even in HVDC systems also energy storage systems plays
major role [20].
Prediction of Voltage instability in Electric power systems is very difficult task and
different methods are suggested by Researchers [21]. In order to maintain voltage stability
power systems are heavily compensated with Reactive power and Real power. The main
purpose of this research work is to compensate sufficient amount of reactive and real power to
maintain system stability under various hazard conditions. For this compensation many scientist
has shown different combinations of storage devices with STATCOM. Apart from these works,
the main motive of this work is to introduce a new method of HESS for STATCOM with battery
and super capacitor, which can provide sufficient amount of reactive power injection to improve
voltage stability under sudden disturbance.
Based on this fundamental motivation, a HESS for STATCOM with battery and super
capacitor is presented in this paper. With this method, STATCOM can be directly injecting the
required amount of reactive power dynamically under sudden disturbances in a power system.
This hybrid system completely depends on a VSC and it will be utilized as a regulating device.
2. STATCOM with HESS Model
The proposed diagram of a STACOM with HESS is shown in Figure 1. The STATCOM
with HESS includes a VSC and a dc link with two bidirectional dc-dc converters and also two
different types of energy storage systems. Due to its individual control of battery power and
super capacitor power this model has more advantage. Their control strategy completely
depends on state of supply requirements and state of charge of individual devices. In a super
capacitor, energy storage is by means of static charge where as in battery energy storage is an
electrochemical process. The power density of SC is much more than that of battery. The
combination of these two devices is more advantageous in order to acquire better energy and
power performances.
In the system shown in Figure 1, Rs is the series resistance with voltage source
converter. It represents the total losses of the converter conduction and the transformer winding
resistance losses. Ls is the transformer leakage inductance. Rc is the resistance which is in
shunt with the capacitor. It represents the total losses of converter and losses in capacitor. Vas,
Vbs and Vcs represents STATCOM three phase output voltages; Val, Vbl, and Vcl represents bus
voltages; and ias, ibs and ics represents output currents of the STATCOM.
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Figure 1. STATCOM with Hybrid Energy Storage System (S-HESS)
From references [22], [23] STATCOM three phase mathematical expressions are
written in the following form
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
In order to convert three phase ac currents into dc currents STATCOM internally
contains dq transformation block. By using this abc/dq transformation, the above mentioned
equations can be rewritten as:
(5)
In this equation ids and iqs represents the direct axis and quadrature axis currents
corresponding to STATCOM output currents; Vdc represents the dc voltage; α represents the
phase angle; ω represents rotating angle; Vdl and Vql are the direct and quadrature axis voltages
belongs to Val, Vbl and Vcl. From reference [25], Vql=0. Therefore
(6)
(7)
Based on these equations, STATCOM control strategy can be obtained. The dc side current
equation can be written as:
(8)
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Where ω is the angular speed at system nominal frequency and Vdc is the voltage
across dc capacitor C. For the construction of HESS generally there are two different structures.
In the first strategy battery straight forwardly associated with the dc bus and the super capacitor
joined with the dc bus through a dc-dc converter which is bidirectional in nature [24]. The main
disadvantage of this method is voltage levels of battery and dc bus should be same and also
battery output power is uncontrollable. In the second method battery and super capacitor both
are connected to the dc bus by utilizing two diverse dc-dc converters [25]. Advantage of this
structure is it controls the storage elements power well by an excellent control system.
3. Model and Control of the HESS using Two DC-DC Converters
3.1. Proposed Model
HESS using two dc-dc converters for STATCOM is shown in Figure 2. One dc-dc
converter is embedded between the dc bus of the STATCOM and battery system and another
one is between the SC and the dc bus. In view of the condition of charge of the super capacitors
and the batteries, the power flow can be supplied or recovered by the batteries or by the super
capacitor or by the both. Controlling of the bus is by the active dc-dc converters. All components
in this model are joined by interaction principle. In this method these dc-dc converters depends
only on Vdc of STATCOM so that there will be no change in the STATCOM control strategy.
Figure 2. HESS for STATCOM
The output voltage of the dc bus is given by:
(9)
Where C is dc bus capacitor and from the figure (2)
(10)
By equating this equation with equation (8) we can write
(11)
From this equation current drawn by dc-dc converter which is connected to super capacitor is
(12)
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And similarly current drawn by dc-dc converter which is connected to battery is
(13)
The average model of dc-dc converters are represented as
(14)
where m1 and m2 are the modulation functions of dc-dc converter 1 and 2.
(15)
Where L1 and L2 are the inductances and r1 and r2 are the internal resistances of the smoothing
inductors. Super capacitors bank is represented by an electric circuit rsccsc, which delivers the
Super capacitor voltage Vsc.
(16)
Where Csc is the capacitance and rsc is the internal resistance of the super capacitor.
The state of charge (soc) of super capacitor is calculated by using the principle
(17)
Where Vsc is the SC voltage and Vsc_max is the maximum SC voltage. Battery bank is indicated
by an electric source with internal resistors R1, R2 …etc. and capacitors C1, C2…etc. The soc of
battery is calculated by using columbic algorithm [24].
(18)
Where SOCBatt-init is the initial state of charge, η is the faradic efficiency and Cn is the storage
capacity of the battery.
DC-DC converter control strategy, due to its most popularity and advantage current
mode control switching regulator is used in this model. This converter acts as buck-boost
converter with the combination of proportional integral (PI) controller. The main advantage of
this controller is to induce robust output voltage regulation during converter-parameter
uncertainties and external disturbances. During boost mode control, the controller controls the
discharge current with outer loop and controls the dc link voltage with inner loop. During buck
mode control, the controller controls the charging current with outer loop and controls either
battery or super capacitor voltage with inner loop. In both modes, inner loop is the current
control loop and based on peak current control mode. The outer voltage controllers are
conventional PI controllers for voltage regulation.
4. Simulation Results
4.1. Data of the Modeled System
A ± 100 MVAR rating STATCOM with 48 pulses VSC is shown in Figure 5. This is
associated with a 500 kV bus. This simulation diagram is an example STATCOM system in
Simulink examples library. All machines used in this system are dynamic models [25, 26]. This
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same STATCOM system is designed with hybrid energy storage system called as S-HESS and
which is shown in Figure 6. The system parameters for dc-dc converter series circuit are
L=50µH, diode Vf = 0.8, Rs =500ohms, Cs = 250nF and for parallel RLC branch R=0.1ohm,
C=220 µF. For super capacitor rated capacity is taken as 100pF, dc series resistance as
2.1mῼ, number of series capacitors as 6 and parallel capacitor as 1. For battery rated capacity
is taken as 1000AH.
Figure 3. Normal STATCOM Design System
Figure 4. STATCOM with Hybrid Energy Storage System
4.2. Study of STATCOM with HESS with Change of Load
In this section results are analyzed for four cases with sudden change of load at bus B2.
By keeping all the parameters constant at 0.3 seconds, the load at bus B2 changes from
200MW to 400MW. In these four cases results are analyzed for STATCOM system with out any
energy storage system, STATCOM with BESS, STATCOM with SCESS and STATCOM with
HESS.
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Case1. STATCOM without any energy storage system
In this case power system was taken which was used in the previous model with out
any energy storage element. At 0.12 sec system measured voltage fall down to 0.97p.u and
injected reactive power reaches to 100Mvar. At 0.22 sec STATCOM bring the system voltage to
1.01p.u by injecting appropriate amount of reactive power. Suddenly at 0.3 sec due to sudden
load at B2 again system voltage falls down to 0.98p.u. Results are shown in Figure 5.
Figure 5. Injected/absorbed reactive power and measured/reference voltage for STATCOM
without any energy storage
Case2. STATCOM with BESS
In this case power system was taken with battery energy storage element. At 0.12 sec
system measured voltage fall down to 0.98p.u and injected reactive power reaches to 90Mvar.
At 0.22 sec STATCOM bring the system voltage to 1.015p.u by injecting appropriate amount of
reactive power. Suddenly at 0.3 sec due to sudden load at B2 again system voltage falls down
to 0.995p.u. Results are shown in Figure 6.
Figure 6. Injected/absorbed reactive power and measured/reference voltage for STATCOM with
battery
Case3. STATCOM with SCESS
In this case power system was taken with super capacitor energy storage element. At
0.12 sec system measured voltage fall down to 0.985p.u and injected reactive power reaches to
80Mvar. At 0.22 sec STATCOM bring the system voltage to 1.02p.u by injecting appropriate
amount of reactive power. Suddenly at 0.3 sec due to sudden load at B2 again system voltage
falls down to 0.997p.u. Results are shown in Figure 7.
Figure 7. Injected/absorbed reactive power and measured/reference voltage for STATCOM with
super capacitor
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Case4. STATCOM with HESS
In this case power system was taken with hybrid energy storage system. At 0.12 sec
system measured voltage fall down to 0.98p.u and injected reactive power reaches to 73Mvar.
At 0.22 sec STATCOM bring the system voltage to 1.02p.u by injecting appropriate amount of
reactive power. Suddenly at 0.3 sec due to sudden load at B2 again system voltage falls down
to 0.997p.u and immediately at 0.336sec STATCOM system bring back to 1p.u. Results are
shown in Figure 8.
Figure 8. Injected/absorbed reactive power and measured/reference voltage for STATCOM with
hybrid energy storage system.
4.3. Summary and Analysis of the Study
From the above four studies, it is evident that STATCOM with HESS provide more
voltage stability under sudden load changes when compare to remaining three cases which is
shown in Figure 9 which indicates the comparison of four cases. During consecutive sudden
load changes at Bus B2 system voltage falls down to 0.97p.u at 0.12s and 0.98p.u at 0.3s for
STATCOM system, system voltage falls down to 0.98p.u at 0.12s and 0.995p.u at 0.3s for
STATCOM with BESS, system voltage falls down to 0.985p.u at 0.12s and 0.997p.u at 0.3s for
STATCOM with SCESS. In these three cases system not able to bring back 1p.u even after
4seconds due to unavailability of sufficient amount of reactive power under consecutive load
changes. Where as STATCOM with HESS system voltage falls down to 0.98p.u at 0.12s and
0.995p.u at 0.3s and again system back to 1p.u at 0.35s due to heavy compensation of reactive
power.
Figure 9. Comparison graph for STATCOM, STATCOM with BESS, STATCOM with super
capacitor and STATCOM with HESS
5. Conclusion
In the previous work, STATCOM with various energy storage elements was discussed
for voltage and system stability. Apart from these previous works, this paper introduces a new
method of HESS for voltage stability. This design is more point of preference since battery
power and super capacitor power can be controlled separately relying upon their condition of
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35 0.4
0.96
0.97
0.98
0.99
1
1.01
1.02
1.03
1.04
TIME IN SEC
VOLTAGEMAGNITUDE(p.u)
Comparision graph for STATCOM, STATCOM with BESS, STATCOM with SC and
STATCOM with HESS
STATCOM with BESS
Normal STATCOM
STATCOM with Super capacitor
STATCOM with HESS
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charge and the supply requirements. A STATCOM system with battery and super capacitor is
designed and results are verified with normal STATCOM. Results are also verified for this
system under sudden load changes in four cases with different configurations. A comparison
graph is drawn for all the four cases. From this study it is proved that STATCOM with HESS
provide better voltage stability under sudden load change.
6. Future Work
Future work may lie in the study of STATCOM with HESS for different type of power
system problems like oscillations damping, transient stability, wind turbines and smart grids.
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