This document contains a research proposal that aims to compare the effectiveness of distance education versus traditional education. The proposal includes an introduction that provides background on the rise of distance/web-based learning and how it has evolved from correspondence courses to utilize modern Internet technologies. The proposed study would investigate whether web-based learning is as effective as traditional classroom learning by having 100 female students aged 18-25 take the same course, with 50 in the traditional classroom and 50 online, and then comparing their test scores. The proposal outlines the problem statement, research objectives, methodology, and resources needed to conduct the study over one academic semester.
The document outlines the history and evolution of the Internet from its origins in the late 1950s and 1960s as a U.S. military network called ARPANET, to its emergence as a widely used tool for communication, education, and commerce by the 1980s and 1990s. Some key events included the development of packet switching, the establishment of a network of connected university and research sites, and the creation of technologies like email and the World Wide Web that enabled new uses of the Internet. While the Internet has provided significant benefits to research, education and communication, overuse can also negatively impact face-to-face social interaction and family relationships.
Here are 5 suggested rules for appropriate cell phone use in the classroom that students could agree to in a social contract:
1. Cell phones must be silenced and put away during class unless otherwise instructed by the teacher.
2. Cell phones may only be used for class activities and projects when authorized by the teacher.
3. Students will be respectful and not use cell phones in ways that disrupt or distract others.
4. Students will follow school rules regarding cell phone use in hallways and common areas.
5. If rules are broken, the student's cell phone will be confiscated and returned at the end of the class period for the first offense. Repeated offenses may involve turning the phone into the office
This document discusses how schools are using students' personal mobile phones to enhance and extend learning. It provides examples of projects where students used the multimedia, communication, and location-based capabilities of their phones for educational purposes in various subjects like science, history, and language arts. It also addresses mobile safety, appropriate use policies, and obtaining parental permission when using personal student devices for educational activities and assignments.
The document provides a summary of the origins and development of the Internet. It began as a military experiment in the 1960s to create a communication system that could withstand nuclear war. This network eventually became known as the ARPANET and helped pioneer packet switching and other key Internet technologies. By the 1990s, commercial networks had merged with research networks to form the modern Internet, facilitating its widespread adoption and incorporation into daily life. Today the Internet has over 4 billion users globally and has transformed communication, education, and many other aspects of society.
How will killing Net Neutrality impact education?Jacklin Berry
Last month, the FCC voted on a plan to throw out rules against blocking or discriminating against lawful content. Republicans outnumber Democrats 3 to 2 on the commission, so barring a last-minute change of heart, the plan will likely pass. Learn how killing net neutrality will impact the education system.
The document discusses five hot topics in technology that are important for student affairs practitioners to address: virtual worlds, podcasting, campus internet security, blogging, and institutional spam. Virtual worlds allow for unique learning environments and social aspects but can also become addictive. Podcasting is growing in popularity and can be used for training. Campus internet security is important to protect private information. Blogging has various types and legal issues. Institutional spam reduces email effectiveness so policies aim to distinguish good emails.
File sharing allows users to access and distribute digital files through peer-to-peer networks or centralized servers. While it enables access to information and resources, illegal file sharing without permission infringes on copyright and can negatively impact revenue for content creators. In education, file sharing provides advantages like online learning resources for teachers and students, but also risks security vulnerabilities if files contain viruses or private information is exposed. Balancing these benefits and risks requires consideration of copyright laws and ensuring appropriate usage of shared content.
The document outlines the history and evolution of the Internet from its origins in the late 1950s and 1960s as a U.S. military network called ARPANET, to its emergence as a widely used tool for communication, education, and commerce by the 1980s and 1990s. Some key events included the development of packet switching, the establishment of a network of connected university and research sites, and the creation of technologies like email and the World Wide Web that enabled new uses of the Internet. While the Internet has provided significant benefits to research, education and communication, overuse can also negatively impact face-to-face social interaction and family relationships.
Here are 5 suggested rules for appropriate cell phone use in the classroom that students could agree to in a social contract:
1. Cell phones must be silenced and put away during class unless otherwise instructed by the teacher.
2. Cell phones may only be used for class activities and projects when authorized by the teacher.
3. Students will be respectful and not use cell phones in ways that disrupt or distract others.
4. Students will follow school rules regarding cell phone use in hallways and common areas.
5. If rules are broken, the student's cell phone will be confiscated and returned at the end of the class period for the first offense. Repeated offenses may involve turning the phone into the office
This document discusses how schools are using students' personal mobile phones to enhance and extend learning. It provides examples of projects where students used the multimedia, communication, and location-based capabilities of their phones for educational purposes in various subjects like science, history, and language arts. It also addresses mobile safety, appropriate use policies, and obtaining parental permission when using personal student devices for educational activities and assignments.
The document provides a summary of the origins and development of the Internet. It began as a military experiment in the 1960s to create a communication system that could withstand nuclear war. This network eventually became known as the ARPANET and helped pioneer packet switching and other key Internet technologies. By the 1990s, commercial networks had merged with research networks to form the modern Internet, facilitating its widespread adoption and incorporation into daily life. Today the Internet has over 4 billion users globally and has transformed communication, education, and many other aspects of society.
How will killing Net Neutrality impact education?Jacklin Berry
Last month, the FCC voted on a plan to throw out rules against blocking or discriminating against lawful content. Republicans outnumber Democrats 3 to 2 on the commission, so barring a last-minute change of heart, the plan will likely pass. Learn how killing net neutrality will impact the education system.
The document discusses five hot topics in technology that are important for student affairs practitioners to address: virtual worlds, podcasting, campus internet security, blogging, and institutional spam. Virtual worlds allow for unique learning environments and social aspects but can also become addictive. Podcasting is growing in popularity and can be used for training. Campus internet security is important to protect private information. Blogging has various types and legal issues. Institutional spam reduces email effectiveness so policies aim to distinguish good emails.
File sharing allows users to access and distribute digital files through peer-to-peer networks or centralized servers. While it enables access to information and resources, illegal file sharing without permission infringes on copyright and can negatively impact revenue for content creators. In education, file sharing provides advantages like online learning resources for teachers and students, but also risks security vulnerabilities if files contain viruses or private information is exposed. Balancing these benefits and risks requires consideration of copyright laws and ensuring appropriate usage of shared content.
The document discusses illegal file sharing and its impacts. It defines illegal file sharing as distributing or downloading copyrighted material without permission or payment. Popular file sharing sites and networks are mentioned. Research found that almost 90% of files shared on BitTorrent were illegal or infringed copyright. Illegal file sharing is predicted to cost the entertainment industry $350 billion globally by 2015 and impact artists' revenue and jobs.
Activity 14 timeline of the history of internetJaze1105
The ARPAnet, the precursor to the Internet, was established in 1969 connecting four major U.S. universities for research and communication. In 1972, Ray Tomlinson introduced electronic mail using the @ symbol to distinguish sender and network names. The TCP/IP protocols established in 1983 became the standard for communication between computers on the Internet. Major developments in the 1980s and 90s included the establishment of domain names, web browsers like Mosaic and Netscape, and the introduction of the World Wide Web. Growth accelerated in the late 1990s with the commercialization of the Internet and rise of search engines, social media, and online commerce.
Internet usage by the teachers working in higher secondaryAlexander Decker
This document discusses a study on internet usage by teachers working in higher secondary schools and colleges in Kashmir Valley, India. The study surveyed 200 teachers across government and private higher secondary schools and colleges. It found that there were no significant differences between teachers at different types of institutions in their use of the internet for email, preparing lessons, and recreational activities. However, it did find significant differences in internet usage for seminar presentations between some groups of teachers.
The document discusses the rise of the Internet and the emergence of a "Fifth Estate" enabled by greater access to information and ability to network. It defines the Fifth Estate as a critical mass of individuals sourcing information, networking, and holding organizations accountable in new ways. Various strategies of the Fifth Estate are described, such as searching for information, sourcing new information, distributing leaks, forming collaborative networks, collective action, and collective intelligence. Challenges to the Fifth Estate from governments, businesses and other groups are also discussed.
The usage of internet by youngsters of gujrat city (pakistan)Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a research study on internet usage among youth in Gujrat City, Pakistan. The study used surveys and focus groups to collect data from 250 college students between ages 16-25. The results showed that most students used the internet for entertainment purposes like chatting rather than education. Male students were more likely to use internet cafes while females used email more. The study found signs that excessive internet use was causing addiction for some students, negatively impacting their studies and social lives. In conclusion, the internet was found to influence youth behavior in the city with both benefits and risks requiring awareness.
This document summarizes the results of a survey on internet usage conducted at Maharshi Dayanand College Library. The survey found that most students access the internet at college or at home to work on projects, communicate via email, and update their knowledge. Faculty members primarily use the internet for knowledge updating and accessing latest journals. While respondents were generally satisfied with their ability to find information online, some noted issues like slow speeds and outdated websites. The document concludes that internet literacy training could help users access information more effectively.
The document discusses several topics related to copyright, social networking, and electronic surveillance. It summarizes challenges with current copyright law and business models in light of new technologies. It also discusses the use of social networking sites by students and debates around privacy, appropriate use, and potential narcissism. Additionally, it reviews laws around electronic surveillance and how the USA Patriot Act has lowered standards for government access to communication data and metadata.
Internet use and its impact on secondary school students in chianCristopher Sodusta
This thesis investigates Internet addiction (IA) among Thai secondary school students. It employs a mixed methods approach including a Delphi technique, online survey, and interviews. The Delphi technique engaged Thai experts to develop a consensus definition of IA and diagnostic criteria. An online survey of 952 students in Chiang Mai assessed IA prevalence and impacts. Interviews with 30 students provided further understanding of IA. The study found a 3.7% prevalence of IA. Impacts included academic, physical and mental health, and relationship problems. The study contributes to the literature by generating an IA definition and criteria for Thai students as well as identifying intervention strategies.
This document discusses the positive and negative influences of the internet. Positively, it provides access to vast information, facilitates communication, and supports online education. However, it can also expose users to unethical content and be misused if not properly supervised. While the internet has benefits, parents and teachers must guide students on appropriate usage to minimize risks. Overall, the internet's positive impacts outweigh its negatives when used cautiously.
For links and resources from the talk: treglia.wikispaces.com/The+Internet
Collaborating on the Web: Transforming Teaching and Research in Higher Education
Join Kristen Treglia, Senior Instructional Technologist, for a two-part conversation about the Internet and higher education.
Thursday, November 20th
11:00 a.m. - 12:00 p.m.
Rose Hill - Walsh Family Library - Flom Auditorium
Part one reviews tools for collaboration and best practices for using the Web in teaching, learning, and research. The web is about 25 years old. Part two investigates implications of various online trends and how educators and students might collaboratively use and experience the Internet for the next 25 years. The session takes place March 12, 2015.
This session is recorded for viewing at a later date:
fordham.edu/LearnIT_Archives
The document discusses research on the impact of internet use on young students in Bangladesh. It provides context on the growth of internet usage globally and concerns about internet addiction. The literature review covers definitions of internet use and addiction, risk factors for young adults, and potential negative impacts of excessive usage including effects on interpersonal relationships, behavior, physical and psychological health, and academic performance. The purpose is to explore internet use impacts on Bangladeshi youth by reviewing existing global research on this topic.
Internet Safety Technical Task Force Final ReportChris White
The document is a final report from the Internet Safety Technical Task Force summarizing its findings regarding technologies that could help address online safety risks for minors. Key points include:
- The Task Force reviewed research finding risks like sexual solicitation, harassment and problematic content exposure, but that risks vary based on age, gender, behavior and media used.
- A Technology Advisory Board reviewed 40 submissions of online safety technologies and found some showing promise but more development is needed.
- The report makes recommendations for improving youth online safety based on the Task Force's analysis of research and existing technologies.
The document presents a theoretical framework for analyzing the impact of internet usage on student performance. It hypothesizes that education, social status, cooperation from teachers, and reliability of online information positively impact internet usage, while risks/uncertainties and expenses negatively impact usage. A regression model is developed to measure the relationship between these independent variables and the dependent variable of internet usage.
This document discusses the use of mobile devices like cell phones and iPods in K-12 classrooms. It provides examples of how teachers have incorporated these tools to engage students and enhance learning. These include having students translate passages from Romeo and Juliet into text speak, create mobile novels, use QR codes to access information on field trips, and send photos from field trips to online sharing sites. The document also addresses concerns around students using their own devices in class and provides examples of classroom mobile use policies.
The document discusses how technology can be used to develop literacy skills in children who are more knowledgeable about technology than adults. It covers four main themes: (1) addressing the "teleological divide" between where literacy is heading digitally and where education systems currently stand; (2) increasing student motivation and engagement through choice, feedback, and participation; (3) teaching critical internet literacy skills; and (4) how Web 2.0 technologies can transform teaching by making it easier for teachers and empowering students as producers, not just consumers, of content.
Prospective U.S. Mathematics Teachers' Engagement in Handheld Cellular Device...Dr. Mokter Hossain
This paper presents quantitative and qualitative data that examine the prospective U.S. mathematics teachers’ engagement in the use of the Internet, hand-held cellular devices, and Web 2.0 activities and their perception of using these technologies for the teaching and learning of Euclidean geometry and other mathematics courses. The study revealed that prospective mathematics teachers in the U.S. have massive engagement in accessing the Internet and Web 2.0-based activities through cellular and handheld mobile devices as well as in their self-reported skills in using Internet, without any significant differences based on their gender. Prospective mathematics teachers experienced numerous advantages and a few minor problems of the blogging activity as a supportive tool in the Euclidean Geometry course. They found blogs a supportive and useful tool for collaborative teaching and learning purposes. Thus, they suggest that blogs and other Web 2.0 tools should be incorporated in the middle and high school mathematics education curricula.
This document provides guidance for teachers on how to safely and appropriately integrate text messaging and student cell phones into classroom learning. It outlines a 7-step process for teachers that includes: conducting a student survey, discussing mobile safety and appropriate use, creating a social contract with rules and consequences, obtaining parent permission, providing alternatives for students without phones, holding a parent information night, and starting slowly while providing reminders and feedback. Various classroom examples are given for using text messaging and apps in subjects like social studies, science, English, and mathematics. The document emphasizes mobile safety, responsible use, and obtaining necessary approvals before incorporating student cell phones into lessons.
Activity12 timeline history of internet ENCINA_ROGATINAENCINA_ROGATINA
The Internet began in 1969 as ARPANET, a network connecting four major universities for research. In 1972, Ray Tomlinson introduced email by using the @ symbol to separate usernames and domains. TCP/IP was established as the standard Internet protocol in 1983. In 1989, Tim Berners-Lee invented the World Wide Web at CERN, creating the first web page and browser. Through the 1990s, usage expanded rapidly due to graphical browsers like Mosaic and Netscape and providers like AOL. The dot-com bubble burst in 2000, and technologies like Napster, Wikipedia, and Google launched in the early 2000s.
Federal programs for injured servicemembers are provided across multiple agencies with no single entity coordinating assistance. There are seven medical hold centers housing 1,580 patients, and the Transition Assistance Program introduces separating servicemembers to job searching. Each military branch has independent programs for information and advocacy, assisting over 3,900 servicemembers total. Key programs include the Army Wounded Warrior Program, Marine for Life Injured Support, Navy Safe Harbor, and Air Force Palace HART. The Military Severely Injured Center provides referrals and has assisted over 8,500 servicemembers. America Supports You publicizes supportive non-profits, some of which directly aid injured veterans. The Center for the Intrepid provides advanced rehabilitation
The document discusses illegal file sharing and its impacts. It defines illegal file sharing as distributing or downloading copyrighted material without permission or payment. Popular file sharing sites and networks are mentioned. Research found that almost 90% of files shared on BitTorrent were illegal or infringed copyright. Illegal file sharing is predicted to cost the entertainment industry $350 billion globally by 2015 and impact artists' revenue and jobs.
Activity 14 timeline of the history of internetJaze1105
The ARPAnet, the precursor to the Internet, was established in 1969 connecting four major U.S. universities for research and communication. In 1972, Ray Tomlinson introduced electronic mail using the @ symbol to distinguish sender and network names. The TCP/IP protocols established in 1983 became the standard for communication between computers on the Internet. Major developments in the 1980s and 90s included the establishment of domain names, web browsers like Mosaic and Netscape, and the introduction of the World Wide Web. Growth accelerated in the late 1990s with the commercialization of the Internet and rise of search engines, social media, and online commerce.
Internet usage by the teachers working in higher secondaryAlexander Decker
This document discusses a study on internet usage by teachers working in higher secondary schools and colleges in Kashmir Valley, India. The study surveyed 200 teachers across government and private higher secondary schools and colleges. It found that there were no significant differences between teachers at different types of institutions in their use of the internet for email, preparing lessons, and recreational activities. However, it did find significant differences in internet usage for seminar presentations between some groups of teachers.
The document discusses the rise of the Internet and the emergence of a "Fifth Estate" enabled by greater access to information and ability to network. It defines the Fifth Estate as a critical mass of individuals sourcing information, networking, and holding organizations accountable in new ways. Various strategies of the Fifth Estate are described, such as searching for information, sourcing new information, distributing leaks, forming collaborative networks, collective action, and collective intelligence. Challenges to the Fifth Estate from governments, businesses and other groups are also discussed.
The usage of internet by youngsters of gujrat city (pakistan)Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a research study on internet usage among youth in Gujrat City, Pakistan. The study used surveys and focus groups to collect data from 250 college students between ages 16-25. The results showed that most students used the internet for entertainment purposes like chatting rather than education. Male students were more likely to use internet cafes while females used email more. The study found signs that excessive internet use was causing addiction for some students, negatively impacting their studies and social lives. In conclusion, the internet was found to influence youth behavior in the city with both benefits and risks requiring awareness.
This document summarizes the results of a survey on internet usage conducted at Maharshi Dayanand College Library. The survey found that most students access the internet at college or at home to work on projects, communicate via email, and update their knowledge. Faculty members primarily use the internet for knowledge updating and accessing latest journals. While respondents were generally satisfied with their ability to find information online, some noted issues like slow speeds and outdated websites. The document concludes that internet literacy training could help users access information more effectively.
The document discusses several topics related to copyright, social networking, and electronic surveillance. It summarizes challenges with current copyright law and business models in light of new technologies. It also discusses the use of social networking sites by students and debates around privacy, appropriate use, and potential narcissism. Additionally, it reviews laws around electronic surveillance and how the USA Patriot Act has lowered standards for government access to communication data and metadata.
Internet use and its impact on secondary school students in chianCristopher Sodusta
This thesis investigates Internet addiction (IA) among Thai secondary school students. It employs a mixed methods approach including a Delphi technique, online survey, and interviews. The Delphi technique engaged Thai experts to develop a consensus definition of IA and diagnostic criteria. An online survey of 952 students in Chiang Mai assessed IA prevalence and impacts. Interviews with 30 students provided further understanding of IA. The study found a 3.7% prevalence of IA. Impacts included academic, physical and mental health, and relationship problems. The study contributes to the literature by generating an IA definition and criteria for Thai students as well as identifying intervention strategies.
This document discusses the positive and negative influences of the internet. Positively, it provides access to vast information, facilitates communication, and supports online education. However, it can also expose users to unethical content and be misused if not properly supervised. While the internet has benefits, parents and teachers must guide students on appropriate usage to minimize risks. Overall, the internet's positive impacts outweigh its negatives when used cautiously.
For links and resources from the talk: treglia.wikispaces.com/The+Internet
Collaborating on the Web: Transforming Teaching and Research in Higher Education
Join Kristen Treglia, Senior Instructional Technologist, for a two-part conversation about the Internet and higher education.
Thursday, November 20th
11:00 a.m. - 12:00 p.m.
Rose Hill - Walsh Family Library - Flom Auditorium
Part one reviews tools for collaboration and best practices for using the Web in teaching, learning, and research. The web is about 25 years old. Part two investigates implications of various online trends and how educators and students might collaboratively use and experience the Internet for the next 25 years. The session takes place March 12, 2015.
This session is recorded for viewing at a later date:
fordham.edu/LearnIT_Archives
The document discusses research on the impact of internet use on young students in Bangladesh. It provides context on the growth of internet usage globally and concerns about internet addiction. The literature review covers definitions of internet use and addiction, risk factors for young adults, and potential negative impacts of excessive usage including effects on interpersonal relationships, behavior, physical and psychological health, and academic performance. The purpose is to explore internet use impacts on Bangladeshi youth by reviewing existing global research on this topic.
Internet Safety Technical Task Force Final ReportChris White
The document is a final report from the Internet Safety Technical Task Force summarizing its findings regarding technologies that could help address online safety risks for minors. Key points include:
- The Task Force reviewed research finding risks like sexual solicitation, harassment and problematic content exposure, but that risks vary based on age, gender, behavior and media used.
- A Technology Advisory Board reviewed 40 submissions of online safety technologies and found some showing promise but more development is needed.
- The report makes recommendations for improving youth online safety based on the Task Force's analysis of research and existing technologies.
The document presents a theoretical framework for analyzing the impact of internet usage on student performance. It hypothesizes that education, social status, cooperation from teachers, and reliability of online information positively impact internet usage, while risks/uncertainties and expenses negatively impact usage. A regression model is developed to measure the relationship between these independent variables and the dependent variable of internet usage.
This document discusses the use of mobile devices like cell phones and iPods in K-12 classrooms. It provides examples of how teachers have incorporated these tools to engage students and enhance learning. These include having students translate passages from Romeo and Juliet into text speak, create mobile novels, use QR codes to access information on field trips, and send photos from field trips to online sharing sites. The document also addresses concerns around students using their own devices in class and provides examples of classroom mobile use policies.
The document discusses how technology can be used to develop literacy skills in children who are more knowledgeable about technology than adults. It covers four main themes: (1) addressing the "teleological divide" between where literacy is heading digitally and where education systems currently stand; (2) increasing student motivation and engagement through choice, feedback, and participation; (3) teaching critical internet literacy skills; and (4) how Web 2.0 technologies can transform teaching by making it easier for teachers and empowering students as producers, not just consumers, of content.
Prospective U.S. Mathematics Teachers' Engagement in Handheld Cellular Device...Dr. Mokter Hossain
This paper presents quantitative and qualitative data that examine the prospective U.S. mathematics teachers’ engagement in the use of the Internet, hand-held cellular devices, and Web 2.0 activities and their perception of using these technologies for the teaching and learning of Euclidean geometry and other mathematics courses. The study revealed that prospective mathematics teachers in the U.S. have massive engagement in accessing the Internet and Web 2.0-based activities through cellular and handheld mobile devices as well as in their self-reported skills in using Internet, without any significant differences based on their gender. Prospective mathematics teachers experienced numerous advantages and a few minor problems of the blogging activity as a supportive tool in the Euclidean Geometry course. They found blogs a supportive and useful tool for collaborative teaching and learning purposes. Thus, they suggest that blogs and other Web 2.0 tools should be incorporated in the middle and high school mathematics education curricula.
This document provides guidance for teachers on how to safely and appropriately integrate text messaging and student cell phones into classroom learning. It outlines a 7-step process for teachers that includes: conducting a student survey, discussing mobile safety and appropriate use, creating a social contract with rules and consequences, obtaining parent permission, providing alternatives for students without phones, holding a parent information night, and starting slowly while providing reminders and feedback. Various classroom examples are given for using text messaging and apps in subjects like social studies, science, English, and mathematics. The document emphasizes mobile safety, responsible use, and obtaining necessary approvals before incorporating student cell phones into lessons.
Activity12 timeline history of internet ENCINA_ROGATINAENCINA_ROGATINA
The Internet began in 1969 as ARPANET, a network connecting four major universities for research. In 1972, Ray Tomlinson introduced email by using the @ symbol to separate usernames and domains. TCP/IP was established as the standard Internet protocol in 1983. In 1989, Tim Berners-Lee invented the World Wide Web at CERN, creating the first web page and browser. Through the 1990s, usage expanded rapidly due to graphical browsers like Mosaic and Netscape and providers like AOL. The dot-com bubble burst in 2000, and technologies like Napster, Wikipedia, and Google launched in the early 2000s.
Federal programs for injured servicemembers are provided across multiple agencies with no single entity coordinating assistance. There are seven medical hold centers housing 1,580 patients, and the Transition Assistance Program introduces separating servicemembers to job searching. Each military branch has independent programs for information and advocacy, assisting over 3,900 servicemembers total. Key programs include the Army Wounded Warrior Program, Marine for Life Injured Support, Navy Safe Harbor, and Air Force Palace HART. The Military Severely Injured Center provides referrals and has assisted over 8,500 servicemembers. America Supports You publicizes supportive non-profits, some of which directly aid injured veterans. The Center for the Intrepid provides advanced rehabilitation
- The document discusses a group of families who were evicted from their homes in a forest area and are now living in precarious conditions in the banks of the Luri River.
- Around 12 of the 24 homes had been demolished, and 6 families are now living exposed to the elements on the river banks.
- The evicted families have submitted an application to the district administration asking for alternative housing within 5 days, but their demands have not been addressed yet.
This document provides a summary of an examiners' report on the June 2011 GCE Economics exam. The key points are:
1) The exam differentiated well between candidates and most were able to complete it in the allotted time, though some ran short on the final data response question. Essay questions proved more challenging than the previous year.
2) The most popular essay was question 3, followed by question 1, with question 2 being the least popular. Data response question 5 was more popular than question 4.
3) Weaker responses generally failed to answer the question directly, lacked economic knowledge and analysis, and showed poor written communication. Stronger answers demonstrated good application of concepts and understanding of recent economic
The document discusses the results of a survey conducted by CareerXroads on employee referral practices. Key findings from the survey include:
- Most companies (over 70%) offer financial incentives for employee referrals, with referral bonuses ranging from $500 to $5000.
- Referrals make up a significant portion (11-35% on average) of total hires for most companies surveyed.
- Tools for managing referrals include applicant tracking systems, employee portals, and social media applications. Most companies have an online process for submitting and tracking referrals.
We are looking for distributors and leaders to join our fantastic team. If you're looking for an extra income, an exciting opportunity and fantastic rewards and lifestyle then get in touch! At http://www.agentswanted.co.uk
This document lists 75 patent cases filed in United States district courts between March 17th and March 20th, 2015. It includes information on the date, court, plaintiff, defendant, and case number for each case. The cases involve a range of technologies and industries and were filed in multiple district courts across the US.
North American Commercial Real Estate ReportChris Fyvie
We are pleased to share with you the our latest North American Research Report -covering approximately 70 metro areas - demonstrating that the office market in the United States and Canada will continue a steady growth, but will lack in the force and pace of prior cycles. However, positive market trends exist, including strong absorption and declining vacancy rates in all the major U.S. CBDs. Additionally, construction is increasing, but remains below historic highs.
Unser Erwachsenenbildungs-Magazin "dreieck" wird 2-3mal jährlich vom Salzburger Bildungswerk herausgegeben. Es beinhaltet die Darstellung und Auseinandersetzung mit
aktuellen bildungs- und gesellschaftspolitischen
Themen und fungiert Mitteilungs- und Serviceblatt über Veranstaltungen
des Salzburger Bildungswerkes.
Das „dreieck“ richtet sich an MitarbeiterInnen in
der Erwachsenenbildung, MultiplikatorInnen,
PolitikerInnen sowie Medien.
This document provides considerations for B2B technology companies targeting media and analysts in Europe. It finds that the UK dominates media coverage across Europe. Other major markets include Germany, France, Netherlands, and Sweden. A Media Reach Index is introduced to measure the potential impact of investing in different countries based on population and coverage. While the European market is complex due to language and cultural differences, the document outlines hybrid campaign models that can effectively reach audiences across the region in a cost-efficient manner.
Glam Media is a distributed media company focused on digital women audiences across lifestyle topics. It operates the largest women's online network reaching 125 million unique visitors monthly across its owned sites and over 1,200 publisher partners. Glam Media pioneered a new vertical media model as an alternative to portals, targeting users across many niche sites aligned with their interests instead of one large destination. It provides advertising solutions including brand campaigns, video platforms, and new social media tools to help advertisers engage audiences in this fragmented online environment.
Originally presented at Danza de la Tierra, a workshop for about 50 entrepreneurs in Valparaiso, Chile. It helped to focus their efforts for positive change in their community and country.
Este documento discute cómo los alimentos de bajo índice glucémico pueden ayudar a quemar grasas. Explica que estos alimentos elevan los niveles de glucosa en la sangre de forma más lenta y constante, manteniendo los niveles de energía por más tiempo y reduciendo el apetito. También señala algunas estrategias para reducir el índice glucémico de la dieta, como evitar la cocción excesiva de alimentos, comer más frutas y verduras con piel, y combinar hidratos de carbon
Partnership and Confidentiality Agreement
CTI welcomes opportunities to partner with customers in integrating its innovative products into customer designs. Due to proprietary technology, CTI readily prepares confidentiality agreements to protect both parties. CTI aims to ensure partnerships are beneficial through tailored agreements that assure customer confidence.
Cooking with Chef on Windows: 2015 EditionJulian Dunn
This document discusses using Chef to automate configuration on Windows systems. Key points include:
- ChefDK and Test Kitchen now support testing Chef code on Windows guests.
- Desired State Configuration (DSC) brings a standard declarative language to Windows automation that Chef code can interface with.
- Chef resources continue to improve support for Windows including the new windows_package and reboot resources in 2015.
The study analysed the awareness and usage of the internet among 124 Students and
research scholars of Alagappa University. A well-structured questionnaire was used for data
collection and MS Excel software was used for analysing the data. The study revealed that
majority of the respondents are female 93(75%) and 65(52.4 %) of respondents are PG
students. research scholars and fewer respondents from Staff. Most of respondents
120(96.8%) using the Internet, Further the study found that 53(42.7%) of using Department
in the University. 43(34.7%) of respondents use the University library. Most of the
respondents 35(28.2%) of used the library monthly, 24(19.3%) of respondents use the library
once in a fortnight. Most of the respondents 86(69.3%) of the respondents use the Google
chrome; 20(16.1%) of the respondents use the Mozilla Firefox. 107(86.3%) of the
respondents using database, The study found that 36(29%) of respondents using internet to
Update knowledge and 27(21.7%) of respondents use it study purpose; 44(40%) of
respondents used to store and share information in online resource using Google drive,
93(75%) of respondents used UGC-info net database/journal. 42(33.8%) of the respondents
facing the problem not finding relevant information, followed by 36(29%) of respondents
Software/ hardware problem, Efficiency of visiting internet 47(37.9%) of respondent use
Enhanced proficiency in writing; 35(28.2%) of respondent used Increasing the number of
publication, 66(53.2%) of the respondent of using satisfied; 44(35.5%) of the respondent of
using fully satisfied
The Internet is a network that consists of smaller domestic, academic, business, and government networks, that carry various data and services, such as electronic mail, online chat, file transfer, interlinked web pages, and other resources of the World Wide Web (WWW). (www.paulpedia.com.ng)
This document discusses using information and communication technologies (ICT) in education in Sudan. It begins with an outline of the session topics, including definitions of technology and important ICT terms. It then discusses why ICT is not widely used in Sudan, providing facts about limited Internet access. The document reviews reasons for using ICT in education, including international standards and examples of successful projects like Hole in the Wall and One Laptop Per Child. It concludes with challenges to teaching English in Sudan like large class sizes and limited instruction time.
Research article on INTERNET APPLICATIONS AND MODEL STRATEGIES FOR INTEGRATIN...Udayakumar Hiremath
This article published in international journal 'Golden Research Thoughts' May 1013. Its my first article published in journal. Thanks to the publication and Editor
Computer technology has had a deep impact on education by making it easier and more interesting. It allows large amounts of data to be stored, processed quickly and accurately, and shared over networks. Various types of educational software have been developed to aid classroom management, assessments, and different types of learning. The history of computers in education dates back to the 1940s and shows how their role has evolved from mainly assisting with administration to now being integrated into instruction delivery and online learning. Computers provide significant advantages to modern education by improving data storage, presentation of information, and access to educational resources online.
The Internet and Education
The Internet is not a single network but rather a collection of over 25,000 interconnected networks that are accessed globally. It has no central ownership or services. The development of packet networking in the US, UK, and France in the 1950s led to the creation of the ARPANET, considered the first network to use the Internet Protocol. Standardized TCP/IP protocols allow computers to connect to the internet through servers to access information across various sectors including education. Browsing using programs like web browsers provides an easy way to navigate the vast information on the internet, particularly the World Wide Web consisting of linked text, images, and sounds. Educational software and resources have advanced, allowing schools to access resources like
The Application of Internet as an Indispensable Tool for Effective Teaching, ...theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
Theoretical work submitted to the Journal should be original in its motivation or modeling structure. Empirical analysis should be based on a theoretical framework and should be capable of replication. It is expected that all materials required for replication (including computer programs and data sets) should be available upon request to the authors.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science would take much care in making your article published without much delay with your kind cooperation.
Strategic Issue That Universities Must Deal With In The Next Decadenoblex1
Some strategic issues will shape the university's future for the next decade. Indeed, all of higher education will be changed in the next ten years by the developments we have in mind. Among these strategic concerns, two appear to be the most important. The first is resource availability and government oversight. The second concerns academic programs. Let's begin with resource availability and government oversight, where four sub-matters will dictate the way our campuses develop.
- One, we will continue to deal with cost containment, productivity, and accountability at state and federal levels.
- Two, federal policy will continue to determine funding levels for student aid, research and health care.
- Three, state funding policies and priorities will continue to have significant impact on us.
- And lastly, market-driven changes in health-care delivery will greatly influence all universities, particularly those institutions with medical schools.
The second strategic issue involves academic programs. In this category, six major subsets should concern us. They are:
- The basic matter of access to higher education.
- The quality of teaching, learning, research, and scholarship.
- The increasing need for life-long learning.
- The internationalization of education and commerce.
- The responsiveness of our public service outreach to societal issues.
- The threat of increasing competition from for-profit higher education organizations.
Now, which technologies will affect higher education most dramatically in the next decade? I feel confident that five are likely to challenge us the most. The first of these five is the Internet and the related telecommunications and computer technologies. The remaining four are genetics, materials, nano-structures, and molecular biology.
Of all of those, I think the most important technology in terms of its effect on academic issues, and also on the other technologies I mentioned, is the Internet. That includes telecommunications and computers.
Look at the six issues we face. Access to higher education will be dramatically affected by telecommunications and computer technologies. So will the quality of teaching, learning, and research. I don't know whether the coming changes will be positive or negative, but there will be changes.
It also seems obvious to me that telecommunications and computers and the Internet will increase the need for lifelong learning. Continuous education will be needed for people to advance - or even just to stay current - in most fields. And how will we meet that need? I believe it will be through the Internet. It will be at once the catalyst for great change and the tool by which we respond to the challenge.
Source: https://ebookschoice.com/strategic-issue-that-universities-must-deal-with-in-the-next-decade/
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Online networks & the traditional university a prospectusDavid C Roberts
The subject of this report is the development of online learning and how it might affect the university sector. The aim is to consider the potential and threat represented by this technology. To achieve this it is necessary to consider the strengths of the new online learning approaches, their likely development and plausible market reactions. It is a deliberate scenario-setting, written in order to facilitate strategic analysis and responses. The only judgments made are that, first, this is an important topic and that, second, this is in part because teachers have a responsibility to use technology well. No other position of judgment is taken as to what will happen in the coming years but instead four scenarios are described, each conveying a different level of impact upon UK higher education.
This document provides an overview of the history and workings of the Internet. It discusses:
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- Key developments like packet switching that allowed the Internet to function.
- How the Internet expanded beyond research and military use starting in the 1980s.
- Technical aspects like IP addresses, protocols, and how data is broken into packets and transmitted over networks using these standards.
- The role of DNS in translating between domain names and IP addresses to allow users to access resources by name.
The document gives a high-level technical introduction to foundational concepts behind how the Internet functions at a
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This document provides an overview and introduction to the concepts and challenges of e-research. It begins by examining competing terms used to describe the transformation in research due to widespread digital technologies and networks. Key terms discussed include e-science, cyberinfrastructure, and e-research. The document then outlines the conceptual framework of the book, which is divided into sections on conceptualization, development, collaboration, visualization, data preservation and reuse, access and intellectual property, and case studies. Each chapter is briefly introduced. The concluding section notes areas for further research around chronicling transformations in scholarship and contextualizing changes within disciplinary cultures.
Internet, Meaning, Concept, Types and uses of internet in education.pptxSiddarajuSiddu4
The Internet is a global system of interconnected computer networks that use TCP/IP to serve billions of users worldwide. It originated from research networks developed by ARPA in the 1960s and was commercialized in the 1990s with the introduction of the World Wide Web. The Internet allows computers anywhere in the world to connect and exchange information through wired and wireless technologies. It has transformed education by providing access to online resources, remote learning platforms, and digital tools that enhance teaching and learning.
1. The document discusses various ways the internet can be used for teaching and learning. It provides 10 examples of internet applications and 10 categories of internet uses.
2. The applications include video conferencing tools like Skype, educational games and simulations, and resources from organizations like NASA and National Geographic.
3. The uses include general research, completing and submitting assignments, online testing, presenting materials, social networking, professional consultation, enrolling in classes, submitting payments, reviewing records, and creating new content.
The Internet is a worldwide system of interconnected computer networks that began as a US military project. It allows users to access and share information across vast distances. Today, the Internet is a public resource used by billions of people worldwide as a primary source of information through activities like social media, online shopping, communication, and more. While it provides vast access to information and opportunities for connection, overreliance on the Internet also poses risks like reduced social skills, spread of misinformation, and security/privacy issues that come with vast data collection online. Care must be taken to achieve a balanced use of both online and real-world information sources and interactions.
The document discusses the history of the internet and the world wide web. It began in the 1960s as a network called ARPANET created by the US Department of Defense to allow researchers to share information. Email was introduced in 1972. In the 1980s, protocols like TCP/IP were developed to allow networks to communicate and the NSFNET backbone allowed universities to connect. The world wide web was created in 1989 at CERN, allowing web pages and hyperlinks. It grew rapidly in the 1990s as browsers made the internet easy for the public to access. Today billions of people use the internet and world wide web for communication, information, and commerce.
The document summarizes the evolution of the Internet from its origins as the ARPANET network developed by the US military in the 1960s to the modern Internet used worldwide today. It describes key events and innovations such as the creation of TCP/IP in the 1970s, the commercial opening of the Internet in the mid-1990s, the invention of the World Wide Web in 1989, and the launch of popular websites and technologies in subsequent decades that transformed how people use the Internet.
The document discusses the history and capabilities of the Internet. It describes how the Internet is a decentralized collection of over 25,000 networks accessed globally using standardized TCP/IP protocols. Users can browse the World Wide Web, comprised of linked texts, images, and sounds, using browser programs to navigate websites. The future of the Internet is predicted to include interplanetary communication networks connecting the entire solar system.
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Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptx
A final submision by todd vatalaro
1. Author Release
(This form must be signed and submitted with the finished copies of the
Research Proposal.)
Name___________Todd J. Vatalaro____________Group No.__H7701__
The College of Professional Studies has permission to use my research
proposal as example of acceptable work. This authority includes the right to
duplicate the manuscript as well as check out the proposal from one of the
College libraries.
Signature____________________________________________
Date____________
The College of Professional Studies may not use my research proposal as an
example of acceptable work. Duplication of the manuscript as well as circulation
of the work is prohibited.
Signature____________________________________________
Date____________
2. A Study of the Comparison between Distance
Education and Traditional Education
A Proposal Submitted
By
Todd J. Vatalaro
In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for
The Bachelor of Science Degree
In Organizational Behavior
The University of San Francisco
College of Professional Studies
November 23, 2002
3. Evaluation of Research by USF Faculty
Student Name____Todd J. Vatalaro___________________
Group____H7701__________________________
Proposal Title A Study of the Comparison between Distance Education and
Traditional Education.
Instructor’s Comments:
Research Proposal Evaluation
Outstanding ______
Good ______
Satisfactory ______
Meets Minimum Standards ______
Unsatisfactory ______
__________ ________________
Date USF Faculty
4. Table of Contents
Page
Abstract i
Chapter 1: Introduction p. 1-5
Background 1
Problem Statement 6
Research Question to be Answered 6
Statement of Research Objective 6
Definition of Terms 7
Importance of the Study 7
Scope and Delimitations of the Study 7
Chapter 2: Review of the Literature p. 8-11
Chapter 3: Methodology p. 12-15
Introduction 12
Subjects 13
Research Design 14
Operational Definitions 14
Instrumentation 14
Procedures 15
Treatment of Data 15
References p. 16-16
5. Abstract
1. Title: A Study of the Comparison Between Web-based Education and
Traditional Classroom Education.
2. Statement of the Problem: Today distance education has become a
popular means for organizations and educational institutions to expand the
means of teaching to its employees and students. The problem is that
more research needs to be done to determine if web-based education is
as effective as traditional education. Web-based programs are designed to
provide education that is equal to or better than the traditional classroom.
Typically these courses are never evaluated to determine their
effectiveness. The goal of this study was to determine if web-based
education is better, worse, or as good as traditional education.
3. Research Objectives: To Investigate if Web-Based is as equal as
Traditional Education.
4. Brief Statement of Research Method: From a population of 3 schools in
Sacramento, California, one hundred (18 to 25) year old females were
chosen to take the same course. (50) would take the class in the
traditional way and (50) would take a web-based course.
6. 5. Resources Needed and Available: Approval from Los Rios Community
College District and advice from the dean of the History department;
collection and comparison of the test scores; budget of $500.
6. Projected Start and Completion Date: One full Fall, academic semester.
No dates available at this time.
i
7. Chapter One
Introduction
Background of the Problem
What is was based learning? Web-based learning is course work that is
taken over the Internet. Web-based education used to be called correspondence
studies. These courses were offered through various forms of media like the mail,
cable television broadcast and video. What is distance learning today? Some of
the older techniques are still in existence. However, it now comprises of internet-
based courses, video conferencing, streaming video and audio (Killion, 2000).
Distance education has been around since the written language. Major
universities have utilized correspondence study courses since the 1890s to
provide off-campus learning opportunities for millions of adults. In the sixties, a
team of Wisconsin extension consultants helped Great Britain develop off-
campus teaching systems needed to establish the British Open University.
Arguably, the invention of television and video recording had the most profound
influence on distance learning in the 1950’s. In the 1980's broadcast television
was changing with the advent of satellite and cable programming services. To
respond to the shift in technology, satellite television networks were being
created that would deliver training and instruction.
Large corporations like IBM and Kodak recognized the benefit from
1
8. providing training using satellite transmissions. The Department of Defense also
invested heavily into all branches of the military to set up a satellite networks for
training purposes. By serving their members at a distance, time and money could
be saved long-term by reducing the amount of travel and loss of work hours of an
employee.
Arguably the most significant advancement in distance education took
place with the introduction of the Internet and web sites. The roots of the Internet
lie in a joint project developed by the United States military and the Rand
Corporation. The project was called ARPANET. The goal of the ARPANET was
to allow US authorities to communicate with one another in the aftermath of a
nuclear attack.
During the 1960’s all forms of communication went through a hub, or
centralized location. A foe of the United States could attack these centralized
locales, bringing all communication to an end. Communication networks of the
day were chained point-to-point, with each place on the network dependent on
the link before it. If one point in the network were disabled, the whole network
would become useless. As the saying goes, “a chain is only as strong as its
weakest link.”
Living with the threat of a nuclear war prompted a new way of looking at
communications in America. America needed to develop a communication
system that would allow defense branches of the United States government to
2
9. stay in contact with one another in case of a national emergency. The project
was known as ARPANET. The United States government would spend millions of
dollars on ARPANET.
The cold war network project ARPANET successfully connected various
computer systems across America. The ARPANET project continued for years
and was gradually phased out after it was declared complete and the Cold War
ended.
Scientist and engineers were allowed access to the existing ARPANET
networks. This allowed scientists and engineers to communicate and share
information across numerous universities. Scientists and engineers were amazed
and excited about this new, revolutionary way of communicating. They
continually improved and modernized this network. The network grew as new
schools and government agency would connect their computer systems to this
network.
Many different protocols and computer languages were also being
developed. Organizations and scientists began to argue over what would be
defined as the “standard.” Everyone was convinced that his or her way of
computing and networking was superior. One protocol that was gaining a
foothold was TCP/IP. TCP/IP is a networking protocol that is robust enough to
handle the high volume of information being transferred over the network. TCP/IP
3
10. also allowed different computer systems to communicate with one another.
With TCP/IP, a global network was becoming a reality. Universities and scientists
from America and Britain successfully were communicating and exchanging data
with one another.
Initially, use of the Internet was mostly limited to e-mail and newsgroups.
In 1991, the University of Minnesota came up with an easy way to organize
information called Gopher, the predecessor to the World Wide Web.
Gopher, using a series of menus, was soon used to organize all kinds of
information stored on servers in universities, libraries, and government agencies.
But what came to be known as "gopherspace" was very chaotic and time
consuming. Search utilities within Gopher, such as Archie and Veronica, were
helpful but didn’t even come close to the efficiency of the search engines we
know today.
In the early 1990's the United States government decided to release use
of the Internet to the public an opened it up for commercial activity. Also during
this period Apple and IBM were introducing low cost consumer computers. These
two events would ignite an economic firestorm that would permanently change
the way people did business. Internet use was growing by more than 10 percent
a month.
The early 80’s ARPANET had only about four hundred hosts. In 1990
there were over one hundred thousand. With the introduction of the Internet also
4
11. came the mass use of e-mail. E-mail is an abbreviation for electronic mail, an
electronic means for communication. People from all around the world were now
able to send messages and correspond with one another instantly.
The Internet was exploding in excitement, and its success would become
a catalyst for new and improved methods of distance learning. Professionals in
the field of distance education say that the personal computer and the Internet
reinvented the face of education and how students learn at a distance. Current
estimates suggest that over four million computers are part of the Internet.
5
12. Statement of the Problem
Today web-based education has become a popular means for
organizations and educational institutions to expand the means of teaching its
employees and students. The problem is that more research needs to be done to
determine if web-based education is as effective as traditional classroom
education. Web-based programs are designed to provide education that is equal
too or better than the traditional classroom. Typically these courses are never
evaluated to determine their effectiveness. The goal of this study was to
determine if web-based courses are better, worse, or as good as traditional
classroom education.
Research Question to be Answered
Is web-based education better, worse, or as good as traditional classroom
education?
Statement of Research Objective
The research objective is to investigate whether web-based education is
as effective as a traditional classroom education. Today web-based education is
offered in nearly every higher education institution. Its popularity has raised
questions about its credibility. This study will provide a way to document and
measure students multiple question test scores to determine if web-based
education is as effective as classroom face-to-face education.
6
13. Definition of Terms
Independent variable: Web-based Education vs. Traditional Education.
Dependent variable: Test scores.
Importance of the Study
This research study is important to institutions and organizations that are
expecting that web-based education is as effective as traditional education.
Scope and Delimitation of the Study
This study selected subjects that were enrolled at three junior colleges in
Sacramento, California. Subjects were required to complete an introduction to
History course.
The findings of this study are limited in scope, as it is focused on the
comparison of a web-based and education and traditional education History
class. Due to the increasing use of web-based distance education in America,
this study was intended to see if web-based education is better, worse or as good
as traditional class room education.
7
14. Chapter Two
Review of Related Literature
This chapter will look at other studies in the field of web-based education. In the
review of literature related to web-based education, the research focused on
web-based education vs. traditional education, to help determine if web-based
education is better, worse or as good as traditional education. For the purpose of
this study, the primary focus of the research is student post-test scores, and final
grades to help evaluate the two groups.
Web-based is becoming a more vital part of the higher education family.
Just about every American university offers online web-base courses. This form
of distance education reaches a broader student audience, better addresses
student needs like transportation, saves money, and more importantly uses the
principles of modern learning pedagogy (Fitzpatrick, 2001).
The most significant impact on adult learning over the past few years has
been online web-based distance learning. Early research indicates that online
learning is at least as effective as learning in conventional classrooms, a studies
summarized by the Center for Excellence in Distance Learning report that
technology has a positive impact on learning effectiveness. (Killion, 2000).
However according to Robbie Fitzpatrick (2001), technology also has a
negative effect on the distance learner. Case in point, a study of student
frustration with web-based courses maintains, “the literature about distance
education is dominated by enthusiastic studies and accounts.”
8
15. A research study by Rhonda Brady (2002) states the first obstacle that educators
and students face with online courses is the fact that everyone taking the course
is not on the same technological level. The first primary objective is to come up
with ways to help facilitate the teaching of the actual technology needed before
they can even get to the course offered. Only 10% to 15% of all articles published
about online educations by 1991 were research studies. So up to this point in the
history of distance education researches are beginning to look at the possible
problems that relate to this form of education.
Dan Carnevale (2002) brings up another issue in web-based education,
accreditation. Accrediting officials are trying to determine how to evaluate
web-based programs that let students gain credit via online instruction.
In a recent issue of Distance Education System Wide Interactive
Electronic Newsletter Volume 6.3 March (2001) looked at ways to create
assessment tools for distance education. Susan B. Miller, Director, University of
Wisconsin set out to modify existing “Classroom Assessment Techniques”
(CATs) to help faculty assess distance education courses. Miller also shares
online web-base resources with instructors interested in leveraging the innovative
technologies in the field of distance education. The material on these websites
allows instructors to use assessment tools and guidelines that will help to give
them methods that are effective but not time-consuming. Tools like: articulation
of goals,
9
16. specification of the strategies intended to achieve these goals and the reason
that these strategies are expected to be effective; agreement on the evidence
that will convince specified individuals that the strategies have achieved the
goals; and the gathering, interpretation, and the use of information.
As Kouzez and Posner (2002) put it, “The key to success and perhaps
even survival in the next century- for all of us, but for the leaders especially-is the
familiar expression “lifelong learning.” As researchers and educators get more
involved in the uses for web-based education and how to overcome the barriers
to learning, we will continue to see improvements in the delivery of curriculum,
course materials and proper assessment.
The literature reviewed suggests considerable research has found that
successful distance-learning students tend to be highly motivated, self-disciplined
and are generally older than traditional students. The literature reviewed also
concludes that there are no significant differences found between pre-test scores,
homework grades, research paper grades and final test scores of distance
learning students and traditional students.
Nevertheless, there were significant differences between the two groups with
regard to age, post test scores and final exam scores.
This study, provides data and analysis on students of distance learning
and those of traditional learning, based on and post-testing comparisons.
10
17. This study will attempt to answer the question is web-based education: better,
worse, or as good as traditional face-to-face classroom education.
11
18. Chapter 3
Methodology
Introduction
This study will attempt to contribute the following question: Is web-based
education better than traditional education?
The research objective is to (measure, compare, investigate) student test
scores in relation to web-based education and traditional education.
Subjects
For this study the participants were (100) undergraduate students enrolled
in Introduction to History classes at a small sized community college in
Sacramento, California. The university offers AA degrees in liberal arts and GE
transferable units to both UC and USC institutions. The Introduction to History
was designed to develop an understanding of basic History. A multiple-choice
test was developed to determine the level of understanding of basic History. One
hundred students were enrolled in the same Fall semester. Fifty students would
attend the traditional on-campus classroom and the other fifty students would
take the same web-based online course via the Internet. Both groups were
female and were 18-25 years old. These students were free to choose to take
the traditional class or the online web-base class. These courses had identical:
content, timelines, guidelines and material.
12
19. Both web-based and traditional classes had the same instructor, studied the
same course content, used the same course materials, completed the same
assignments, and were allotted the same time frame for completion of
assignments. All were given the same (post-test), final exam. The multiple choice
post-test was designed, by the instructor.
A quasi-experimental research design was used to collect data for the study. An
analysis of co-variance was used to compare the two variables. The significant
element of quasi-experiments is the measure of the dependent variable, which it
allows for comparison. In such cases, quasi-experimentation often involves a
number of strategies to compare subjectivity, such as rating data, testing,
surveying, and content analysis. This research looked at testing results. Once all
the test scores were collected it was time to test and see if there was a significant
differences between web-base and traditional education test scores.
The researcher used the Mann-Whitney U test method for this data. Using
the Mann-Whitney U the researchers were able to test the frequency of
occurrence within these to independent categories.
13
20. Research Design
This study is the comparison of distance education compared to traditional
education.
Operational Definitions
The independent variable in this study is distance education vs. traditional
education. Students will attend these classes that will be facilitated by the
instructor chosen for this study. Web-based distance education is learning that
occurs when learner and instructor are separated by time and space and is not
real-time. Web -base instruction is a formalized teaching system specifically
designed to be carried out remotely over the Internet. Traditional education
involves internal students attending resident classes conducted by faculty
members on a campus and requires a physical face-to-face interaction.
The dependent variable is test scores.
Instrumentation
The research instrument used for this study will be a multiple-choice test
with 100 questions.
14
21. Procedures
The researchers worked with the dean of the History department and the
instructor of the courses. Test scores from (100) subjects were compared. This
study had approval from Los Rios Community College. Once all the test scores
were collected by the instructor the researcher was able to obtain copies of the
original tests given back to the instructor. Age and ethnicity was obtained to look
at the demographic variables.
Treatment of Data
The data from the tests will be reviewed and examined for comparison.
The collected nominal data will be analyzed using the chi-square. Using the chi-
square the researchers were able to test the frequency of occurrence within
these to independent categories.
15
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