The document discusses abiotic stresses on eucalyptus trees. It outlines that eucalyptus trees require specific amounts of macro and micronutrients annually for optimal growth. A lack or excess of nutrients like nitrogen, potassium, phosphorus can cause toxic or deficient symptoms. Environmental factors such as high/low temperatures, wind, light, and air pollution also impact eucalyptus growth. Water availability and insect defoliation interact to trigger dieback. Infertile soils inhibit eucalyptus root growth.

1. A-biotic Stress On Eucalyptus Tree
By: Aftab Sultan
DEPARTMENT
PLANT PATHOLGY

2. EUCALYPTS
 Major forest plantation spp. grown internationally.
 They have more than 700 spp.
 Found mostly in Australia and very small no. in Indonesia.
 Their growth is much faster on poor area like arid climate and sandy
soil.
 Eucalypts were also accepted as a good farm forestry tree for
planting field bunds, canal side and in marginal agricultural land.

3. A-biotic factor
• Nutrients
• Environment
• Soil
• Water

4. Nutrients
.
A substance that provides nourishment essential for the maintenance of life and for growth
There are two categories of nutrients
 Macro
 Micro
Macro
Nutrients that are required in larger amounts by plants and other living organisms. The following elements are categorized
as macronutrients:
Nitrogen, potassium, Phosphorous
Micro
Micronutrients are essential elements required by organisms in varying quantities throughout life to orchestrate a range of
physiological functions to maintain health.1
Zinc, Molybdenum, Iron, Copper ,Boron, Chlorine

5. Nitrogen
Balance nitrogen required for eucalyptus plants
1 year 64.4 kg per year per ha
2 year 135.3 kg per year per ha
Toxic
 Green canopy
 Deformities in flowers
 Slow root growth
 Leaves turn brown and fall of
 Enhance vegetative growth.
Deficient
 Disturb the growth and develop
 Reduced vigor of plant
 No proper stem
 No.of branches reduced
 Loss of chlorophyll

6. Symptoms
Toxic Deficient

7. Potassium
Balance Potassium required for eucalyptus plants
1 year 29.7 kg per year per ha
2 year 55.3 kg per year per ha
Toxic
 When the potassium exceed from
required amount stress the plant in the
form of
 Loss the quality of seeds
 Shape of seed will be change
 Disturb the size of seeds
Deficient
 When in deficient amount
 Disturb the enzyme activity
 Defense mechanism
 Leaves burn at margins
 Disturb plant growth hormones

8. Symptoms
Toxic Deficient

9. Phosphorus
Balance Phosphorus required for eucalyptus plants
1 year 8.2 kg per year per ha
2 year 16.9 kg per year per ha
Toxic
 Excess phosphorus causes excessive
vegetative growth
Deficient
 Maturity of plant delayed
 Reduced the surface area of leaves
 Underside of leaves appearance of
purple colour

10. Symptoms
Toxic Deficient

11. Micro Nutrients
cu
Toxic
 Suppress root growth
Deficient
 Chlorosis
 Leaves curling
 wilting

12. Symptoms
Toxic Deficient

13. Manganese
Toxic
 Chlorosis in young leaves of plants
 Mottling in leaves
 Leaves turn rusty brown
Deficient
 Irregular shape of leaves
 Chlorosis

14. Symptoms
Toxic Deficient

15. Calcium
Balance Phosphorus required for eucalypts plants
1 year 25.5 kg per year per ha
2 year 39.1 kg per year per ha
Toxic
 will hinder the absorption of other
nitrients
Deficient
 Interveinal Chlorosis in older leaves
 Necrotic spots may also develop on
older leaves.

16. Symptoms

17. Zinc
Toxic
 Rapid decrease in photosynthesis
 Low energy production
Deficient
 The deficiency of Zn disturb the leaf
size

18. Symptoms

19. Iron
 Iron is the part of respiratory and photosynthesis
 Symptom is the interveinal crosses

20. Symptoms

21. Boron
 Effective in the defense system of plant.

22. Nutritional status of soil under tree plantation
Plant spp. N(%) P(mg / L) K(mg / L) Cu(mg / L) Zn(mg / L) Mn(mg / L) Fe(mg /
L)
Acacia
ampliceps
0.0281 4.019 198.75 3.35 0.095 9.23 19.10
Acacia
stenophylla
0.0369 4.748 222.5 3.78 0.119 29.18 15.80

23. Eucalyptus
Environmental factors affecting eucalyptus tree

24. As from last many years ,a huge difference occurred in
environmental conditions that are causing increaes in stress for
many forest trees.
And eucalyptus tree is one of them that is suffering from many
damages because of environment.
Environmental factors:
In include following factors ;
High temperature
Low temperature
Wind velocity

25. High temperature:
Increase in temperature have following affects;
• Formation of sunscald
• Dieback of eucalyptus tree
• Drought condition
• Loss of productivity
• Formation of scorch
• Hail storms

26. Dieback of eucalyptus tree

27. Low temperature affect:
Extreme low temperature cause following damages;
•Deduction In growth
•Frost injury
•Reduction in resistance to other disease

28. Wind velocity:
Increase in wind velocity cause;
•Occurrence of wind storm
•Breakdown of tree trunk and branches
•Loss of wood

29. Affect of Light:
 Change in light intencity affect the rate of respiration in eucalyptus
 Respirtaion is about 80% dependent on light intencity

30. Affect of air pullution:
 Air pullution is very important factor to be discsed because it makes a huge
impact on eucalyptus tree .
 It can be defined as disturbance in the normal constituents present in the
atmosphere.
 It cause vegetation injury and other loses to tree.

31. EUCALYPTUS
Effect Of Water & Defoliation

32. • Trees subjected to a combination of different biotic & abiotic stressors.
• Insect defoliation and low water common causes of dieback.
• There are many losses due to water
• Changing climates affect the rainfall.
• Defoliation can also reduce growth and development.

33. • Due to drought reductions in transpiration & canopy in leaf water potential and stomatal conductance.
• Water transport and photosynthesis regulated by the hydraulic conductance.
• Plant water important for plantations & water balance.
• Water stress and defoliation trigger eucalypts dieback.
• Photosynthetic,stomatal defoliation, leaf- and tree-level gas exchange responses depend upon H2O.
• Above-ground growth in both was unaffected by defoliation.

34. EFFECT OF SOIL ON
EUCAYPTUS

35. INFERTILE SOIL
 Inhibit root growth
 Tips turn brown
 Lack of branches

36. References:
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7.Tripathi, A.K. and M. Gautam, 2007. Biochemical parameters of plants as indicators of air pollution. Journal of Environmental Biology, 28(1): 127-132.
8.Joshi, P.C. and A. Swami, 2007. Physiologigal responses of some tree species under roadside automobile pollution stress around city of Haridwar,
India. Environmentalist, 27: 365-374.
9.Tripathi, A.K. and M. Gautam, 2007. Biochemical parameters of plants as indicators of air pollution. Journal of Environmental Biology, 28(1): 127-132.
10.Joshi, P.C. and A. Swami, 2007. Physiologigal responses of some tree species under roadside automobile pollution stress around city of Haridwar,
India. Environmentalist, 27: 365-374.
11.Tripathi, A.K. and M. Gautam, 2007. Biochemical parameters of plants as indicators of air pollution. Journal of Environmental Biology, 28(1): 127-132.
12.Joshi, P.C. and A. Swami, 2007. Physiologigal responses of some tree species under roadside automobile pollution stress around city of Haridwar,
India. Environmentalist, 27: 365-374.