The document discusses project management tools including the work breakdown structure (WBS), Gantt chart, program evaluation and review technique (PERT), and critical path method (CPM). It explains that a WBS breaks a project into deliverables and work packages in a hierarchical structure. A Gantt chart displays project activities and timelines. PERT and CPM are used to schedule tasks, identify dependencies, and determine the critical path. PERT uses an activity-on-arrow diagram while CPM uses an activity-on-node diagram. The document provides details on how to create each of these project management tools.

1. LECTURE BY DR MUHAMMAD ASIM
SYSTEMS ENGINEERING PROJECT MANAGEMENT

2. Previous
Lecture
• Project Management
 What is Project Management Plan?
 Why we need Project Management Plan?
 How is Project Management Plan made?
• Product Management
 Concept generation
 Steps involved
 Test product concept

3. Today’s
Lecture
 What is Work Breakdown Structure?
 What is Gantt Chart?
 What is PERT?
 What is CPM?

4. How is Project Management Done?
Project Management Plan

5. WORK BREAKDOWN STRUCTURE

6. Work Breakdown Structure
“Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) is
deliverable oriented hierarchical
decomposition of the work to be executed
by the project team.” (PMI, PMBoK)
There are two main types of WBS:
• Deliverable-based
• Phase-based.

7. Deliverable Based WBS
A deliverable-based WBS :
• First breaks down the project into all the major areas of the project
scope as control accounts
• Secondly, it divides those into project deliverables and work
packages.

9. Phase Based WBS
A phase-based WBS :
• Displays the final deliverable on top, with the WBS levels below
showing the five phases of a project
 Initiation
 Planning
 Execution
 Control
 Closeout

11. How to Make a Work Breakdown Structure

12. How to Make a Work Breakdown Structure

13. How to Make a Work Breakdown Structure

14. GANTT CHART

15. What is Gantt Chart?
A Gantt chart is a useful way of showing activities (tasks or events)
displayed against time.
• On the left of the chart is a list of the activities
• Along the top is a suitable time scale
• Each activity is represented by a bar
• The position and length of the bar reflects the start date, duration and
end date of the activity

17. What the various activities are?
When each activity begins and ends
How long each activity
is scheduled to last
Where activities overlap with other activities, and by how much
The start and end date of the whole project

19. PERT Chart
A PERT chart, also known as a PERT diagram, is a tool used
to schedule, organize, and map out tasks within a project.
PERT stands for program evaluation & review technique.
It provides a visual representation of a project's timeline and
breaks down individual tasks.

20. How to make
a PERT
chart?

21. PERT
ACTIVITY
LIST

23. 1. Identify project tasks
The first step in creating a successful PERT chart involves identifying
and collecting necessary project information and tasks. This can
include:
• A business case
• A communication plan
• An initial kick-off meeting

24. 2. Define task dependencies
A task dependency is a
task or milestone that
relies on another task to
be completed before the
task at hand can be
started.

25. 3. Connect project tasks
Once task dependencies have
been created, you can work on
creating your PERT chart by
connecting project tasks to one
another. These connections
consist of arrows, which
represent tasks, and nodes,
which represent events or
milestones.

26. 4. Estimate project time frame
Time estimates can be calculated based on the following:
• Optimistic time: The minimum amount of time needed to accomplish a task.
• Pessimistic time: The maximum amount of time needed to accomplish a task.
• Most likely time: The best estimate of how long it will likely take to accomplish a task.
The objective is to find the longest path that will take the most time to
complete in order to estimate the shortest overall project duration.

27. 4. Estimate project time frame
We can use the PERT formula to calculate the expected duration of a task and completion
time using:
(O + (4 × M) + P) ÷ 6
This can be measured by minutes, hours, days, or even weeks.
For example,
If the optimistic time is 30 minutes,
the pessimistic time is 60 minutes,
and the most likely time is 45 minutes,
the PERT formula would be: (30min + (4 × 45min) + 60min) ÷ 6 = 45 minutes.
O= Optimistic
P= Pessimistic
M=Minutes

28. 5. Manage task progress
The final step in creating a PERT chart is to manage task progress to project
completion. This can be done by closing dependencies and mitigating issues
along the way until all tasks are completed.

29. Glossary of Terms Related to PERT Charts
• Nodes: These are the symbols used to visualize milestones and project tasks.
They can be represented by circles or triangles.
• Arrows: Visual representation of the sequence of a task, diverging arrows
indicate tasks that can be completed at the same time. They can be solid or
dotted, depending on the nature of the sequence.
• PERT Event: The start or end of a task.
• Slack: The amount of time a task can be delayed without causing an overall
delay to the project or other tasks, also known as float.

30. Glossary of Terms Related to PERT Charts
• Critical Path: The critical path is the longest task sequence of a project. PERT charts
are used to determine the critical path of a project to estimate its duration.
• Critical Path Activity: An activity with no slack.
• Critical Path Method: The critical path method (CPM) is a project planning and
scheduling technique used to visualize task dependencies and estimate the duration of
projects.
• Lead Time: How much time you should complete a task or activity without impacting
the following ones.

31. Glossary of Terms Related to PERT Charts
• Lag Time: The earliest time in which a task can follow another.
• Fast Tracking: Fast tracking is a schedule compression technique that consists in
executing tasks or activities at the same time.
• Crashing Critical Path: Shortening the time of a task. This is the longest path from the
starting milestone to the finish. If you experience a delay on the critical path, it will
impact the entire project.
• Network Diagram: A type of diagram used for project management charts. The PERT
chart network diagram is known as an activity on arrow (AoA) network diagram.
• Predecessor: An activity that precedes another, and must finish before its successor
can start.

32. PERT Chart
vs
Gantt Chart

33. PERT vs CPM

34. PERT vs CPM
PERT applies an “Activity-on-Arrow” network diagram
CPM applies an “Activity-on-Node” network diagram

35. Activity-on-Arrow
means network
diagram depicts each
milestone event as a
node, and shows the
activity information on
the arrows joining each
milestone event.

36. Activity-on-Node
shows the activity
information as a node,
and links one activity to
the next, rather than
linking one milestone to
the next.

37. THANK YOU