PERT & GANTT CHART, Nursing Management

1. PERT & GANTT CHART
MATHEW VARGHESE V
MSN(RAK),FHNP (CMC Vellore),CPEPC
Nursing officer
AIIMS Delhi

2. PROGRAM (PROJECT) EVALUATION AND REVIEW
TECHNIQUE (PERT)
 Program (Project) Evaluation and Review
Technique (PERT) is a project management tool
used to schedule, organize, and coordinate tasks
within a project
 It is basically a method to analyze the tasks
involved in completing a given project, especially
the time needed to complete each task, and to
identify the minimum time needed to complete the
total project.

3. OBJECTIVE
 The main objective of PERT is to facilitate decision
making and to reduce both the time and cost
required to complete a project.

4. PREREQUISITES
 Personnel should already have a good
understanding of formal project management
terminology, tools, and techniques
 PERT form template of equivalent tool (e.g.
software)
 Create of project plan
 Choose the most appropriate scheduling method
 Select and organize a team to perform project
tasks.

5. STEPS
Identify the specific
activities and milestones.
Determine the proper
sequence of the activities.
Construct a network
diagram
Estimate the time
required for each activity.
Determine the critical
path.
Update the PERT chart
as the project progresses

6. IDENTIFY THE SPECIFIC ACTIVITIES AND
MILESTONES.
 The activities are the tasks required to complete a
project. The milestones are the events marking the
beginning and the end of one or more activities. It is
helpful to list the tasks in a table that in later steps
can be expanded to include information on
sequence and duration.


7. DETERMINE THE PROPER SEQUENCE OF THE
ACTIVITIES
 This step may be combined with the activity
identification step since the activity sequence is
evident for some tasks. Other tasks may require
more analysis to determine the exact order in which
they must be performed.

8. CONSTRUCT A NETWORK DIAGRAM.
 Using the activity sequence information, a network
diagram can be drawn showing the sequence of the
serial and parallel activities.
 Each activity represents a node in the network, and
the arrows represent the relation between activities.
 Software packages simplify this step by
automatically converting tabular activity information
into a network diagram.

9. ESTIMATE THE TIME REQUIRED FOR EACH
ACTIVITY
 Weeks are a commonly used unit of time for activity
completion, but any consistent unit of time can be
used. A distinguishing feature of PERT is its ability
to deal with uncertainty in activity completion time.
 For each activity, the model usually includes four
time estimates:
 Optimistic time
 Most likely time
 Pessimistic time
 Expected time

10. TIMES
 Optimistic time
 It is generally the shortest time in which the activity
can be completed.
 Most likely time – the completion time having the
highest probability. Note that this time is different
from the expected time.
 Pessimistic time – the longest time that an activity
might require.
 Expected time = (Optimistic + 4 x Most likely +
Pessimistic) / 6
 This expected time may be displayed on the
network diagram.

11. DETERMINE THE CRITICAL PATH.
 The critical path is determined by adding the times
for the activities in each sequence and determining
the longest path in the project.
 The critical path determines the total calendar time
required for the project.

12. UPDATE THE PERT CHART AS THE PROJECT
PROGRESSES.
 Make adjustments in the PERT chart as the project
progresses.
 As the project unfolds, the estimated times can be
replaced with actual times.
 In cases where there are delays, additional
resources may be needed to stay on schedule and
the PERT chart may be modified to reflect the new
situation.

13. BENEFITS OF PERT
PERT is useful because it provides the following
information:
 Expected project completion time;
 Probability of completion before a specified date
 The critical path activities that directly impact the
completion time;
 The activities that have slack time and that can be
lend resources to critical path activities;
 Activity start and end date.

14. EXAMPLES – CASE STUDY
 In the following example, the Project manager
knows the succession of the project activities and
the optimistic, pessimistic and most likely time (in
weeks) for the following activities:

19. GANTT CHART
 A Gantt chart is a type of bar chart that illustrates
a project schedule, named after its inventor, Henry
Gantt (1861–1919), who designed such a chart
around the years 1910–1915.
 Modern Gantt charts also show the dependency
relationships between activities and current
schedule status.

20. DEFINITION
 A Gantt chart is a type of bar chart that illustrates a
project schedule.
 This chart lists the tasks to be performed on the
vertical axis, and time intervals on the horizontal
axis.
 The width of the horizontal bars in the graph shows
the duration of each activity.
 Gantt charts illustrate the start and finish dates of
the terminal elements and summary elements of
a project

22. ELEMENTS OF GANTT CHART
 Task list: Runs vertically down the left of the Gantt
chart to describe project work and may be
organized into groups and subgroups
 Timeline: Runs horizontally across the top of the
Gantt chart and shows months, weeks, days, and
years
 Dateline: A vertical line that highlights the current
date on the Gantt chart
 Bars: Horizontal markers on the right side of the
Gantt chart that represent tasks and show
progress, duration, and start and end dates

23. ELEMENTS OF GANTT CHART
 Milestones: The diamonds that call out major
events, dates, decisions, and deliverables
 Dependencies: The lines that connect tasks that
need to happen in a certain order
 Progress: Shows how far along work is and may
be indicated by % Complete and/or bar shading
 Resource assigned: Indicates the person or team
responsible for completing a task

25. USES OF GANTT CHART
 To show the current schedule status
 To measure task duration in the project
 To represent cost, time and scope of the project
 A useful tool for planning and scheduling projects
 To plan how long a project should take
 Lays out the order in which the tasks need to be carried
out
 Modern Gantt chart software provides dependencies
between tasks
 To monitor a project’s progress
 To visualize immediately what should have been
achieved at any point in time
 To assist in taking remedial action to bring the project
back on course , if required

26. ADVANTAGES OF GANTT CHART
 It helps in planning and monitoring the work of
project
 Time is explicitly expressed in the chart
 All tasks are visible at a glance in relation to other
 Deadlines are depicted in the chart
 It organizes your thoughts.
 It demonstrates that you know what you’re
doing.
 It (should) help you to set realistic time frames.

27. DISADVANTAGES OF GANTT CHART
 They can become extraordinarily complex.
 The size of the bar does not indicate the amount of
work
 They need to be constantly updated.
 Difficult to see on one sheet of paper.

28. REFERENCE
 Vati J (20113),principles and practice of nursing management
and administration ,First edt,Jay Pee publishers , New delhi :
p 184-188
 Archibald & Villoria, "Network-Based Management Systems
(PERT/CPM)," John Wiley & Sons, 1967
 Cagle, Ronald B. Blueprint for project recovery: a project
management guide : the complete process for getting derailed
projects back on the track. New York : AMACOM, 2002
 Clet, Étienne and Henri-Pierre Maders. Comment manager un
projet. 2nd ed. Paris: Éditions d'Organisation, 2005.
 Denis Lock, Managementul de proiect. Ed. CODECS,
Bucureşti, 2000
 DeWitte, "Manpower Leveling of PERT Networks," Data
Processing for Science/Engineering, March-April 1964

29. RESEARCH STUDY
 Title: Application and impact of Gantt chart in task
based team English learning
 Author :He Chen , School of Foreign Studies,
Northwest University of Politics and Law, xi'an,
710122, (CHINA)
 Results
 By using the Gantt chart they can conclude and
analyze the progress and quality of learning, realize
the problems and shortcomings in learning, and
summary solutions.

30. RESEARCH REPORT
 Title: Application of PERT Technique in Health
Programme Monitoring and Control
 Author: Susmit Jain, Indian Institute of Health
Managment Research
 Results
 This technique helps in answering the expected
time of completion of projects, identifying the jobs
and activities and their start and finish times, the
effect of delay of certain activities, what resources
are required at various points of time, revising and
rescheduling the projects and what additional
resources are required, etc.