1. The document discusses the cognitive neuroscience of creativity and proposes there are four basic types of creativity based on two modes of processing (deliberate vs spontaneous) and two types of structures (cognitive vs emotional).
2. It analyzes the role of different brain regions like the prefrontal cortex, amygdala, and hippocampus in different aspects of creativity.
3. The framework suggests distinguishing different types of creativity can help resolve controversies in the field and guide future research incorporating specific cognitive processes and brain areas.
Cognitive Architectures Comparision based on perceptual processingSumitava Mukherjee
A comparision between different cognitive architectures based on how each handles perception like ACT-R, EPIC, CHREST, SOAR,ICARUS.
This is a presentation made for a talk at NAOP Annual Convention at IIT, Guwahati 2009.
(C) Sumitava Mukherjee
[smukh@cognobytes.com/ smukh@cbcs.ac.in
URL : http://people.cognobytes.com/smukh]
Cognitive Architectures Comparision based on perceptual processingSumitava Mukherjee
A comparision between different cognitive architectures based on how each handles perception like ACT-R, EPIC, CHREST, SOAR,ICARUS.
This is a presentation made for a talk at NAOP Annual Convention at IIT, Guwahati 2009.
(C) Sumitava Mukherjee
[smukh@cognobytes.com/ smukh@cbcs.ac.in
URL : http://people.cognobytes.com/smukh]
2007. Introduction to the panel 'Pragmatic Interfaces' organised by the authors at the International Pragmatics Conference (IPRA) in Goteborg (Sweden), July 2007. Didier Maillat and Louis de Saussure
Atlases of cognition with large-scale human brain mappingGael Varoquaux
Cognitive neuroscience uses neuroimaging to identify brain systems engaged in specific cognitive tasks. However, linking unequivocally brain systems with cognitive functions is difficult: each task probes only a small number of facets of cognition, while brain systems are often engaged in many tasks. We develop a new approach to generate a functional atlas of cognition, demonstrating brain systems selectively associated with specific cognitive functions. This approach relies upon an ontology that defines specific cognitive functions and the relations between them, along with an analysis scheme tailored to this ontology. Using a database of thirty neuroimaging studies, we show that this approach provides a highly-specific atlas of mental functions, and that it can decode the mental processes engaged in new tasks.
2007. Introduction to the panel 'Pragmatic Interfaces' organised by the authors at the International Pragmatics Conference (IPRA) in Goteborg (Sweden), July 2007. Didier Maillat and Louis de Saussure
Atlases of cognition with large-scale human brain mappingGael Varoquaux
Cognitive neuroscience uses neuroimaging to identify brain systems engaged in specific cognitive tasks. However, linking unequivocally brain systems with cognitive functions is difficult: each task probes only a small number of facets of cognition, while brain systems are often engaged in many tasks. We develop a new approach to generate a functional atlas of cognition, demonstrating brain systems selectively associated with specific cognitive functions. This approach relies upon an ontology that defines specific cognitive functions and the relations between them, along with an analysis scheme tailored to this ontology. Using a database of thirty neuroimaging studies, we show that this approach provides a highly-specific atlas of mental functions, and that it can decode the mental processes engaged in new tasks.
Happiness Visions from the World Happiness Summit (WoHaSu) government track 2017 speakers and participants. See the agenda of this meeting at http://happinesssummit.world/documents/20181/0/H20AgendaFinal2.28.pdf/bb6101ed-cef9-48e3-9abd-997d53fffb37
Psychology Of Creativity - London IA 30.03.10Claire Rowland
A basic and pragmatic introduction to the psychology of creativity, from empirical research. PDF with notes: full academic references included in the notes.
What is happening inside our craniums, amongst the cortex, hemispheres, neuroglia, and brainwaves when we feel on fire with creativity and when we don't? To find out, let’s embark upon a fantastic journey to learn in which circumstances and states the brain is most creative. At the end, we'll better understand the brain on creativity and discover unconventional methods to leverage its power for increased ideation, inspiration, innovation, and flow. Beware: the science of the creative brain challenges the standard norms around concentration, focus, productivity, and may change how you work.
Presented at SXSW Interactive, 2013
Creativity isn't just for artists, musicians, writers, and designers. We all have the ability to be excellent creative thinkers. - https://www.milestechnologies.com
Ready, Set, Present (Creativity PowerPoint Presentation Content): 100+ PowerPoint presentation content slides. Creativity adds to everyone’s personal and professional bottom line and is where innovation and excellence begins. Creativity PowerPoint Presentation Content slides include topics such as: understanding creativity as a human skill using mini systems and processes, the benefits of creativity, left and right brain thinking, blocks to creativity, organizational success through creativity, over techniques, methods, examples and exercises. There are 9 slides covering the definition of creativity, 10 slides on how creative mind works followed by 14 slides describing the process of creativity, creative people and their qualities. Within the first 43 slides you will discover connection between creativity and organizational success and ways to increase your personal creativity. In addition you will receive 19 slides of unique information about fostering organizational creativity, 23 slides covering management and group creativity as well as 11 slides about creativity and the future plus much more.
Contents lists available at ScienceDirectBrain and Cogniti.docxdonnajames55
Contents lists available at ScienceDirect
Brain and Cognition
journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/b&c
Neuroscience and everyday life: Facing the translation problem
Jolien C. Franckena,⁎, Marc Slorsb
a Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 15915, 1001 NK Amsterdam, Netherlands
b Faculty of Philosophy, Theology and Religious Studies, Radboud University Nijmegen, P.O. Box 9103, 6500 HD Nijmegen, Netherlands
A R T I C L E I N F O
Keywords:
Concepts
Constructs
Taxonomy
Cognitive ontology
Folk psychology
Phenomenology
Eliminativism
A B S T R A C T
To enable the impact of neuroscientific insights on our daily lives, careful translation of research findings is
required. However, neuroscientific terminology and common-sense concepts are often hard to square. For ex-
ample, when neuroscientists study lying to allow the use of brain scans for lie-detection purposes, the concept of
lying in the scientific case differs considerably from the concept in court. Furthermore, lying and other cognitive
concepts are used unsystematically and have an indirect and divergent mapping onto brain activity. Therefore,
scientific findings cannot inform our practical concerns in a straightforward way. How then can neuroscience
ultimately help determine if a defendant is legally responsible, or help someone understand their addiction
better? Since the above-mentioned problems provide serious obstacles to move from science to common-sense,
we call this the 'translation problem'. Here, we describe three promising approaches for neuroscience to face this
translation problem. First, neuroscience could propose new 'folk-neuroscience' concepts, beyond the traditional
folk-psychological array, which might inform and alter our phenomenology. Second, neuroscience can modify
our current array of common-sense concepts by refining and validating scientific concepts. Third, neuroscience
can change our views on the application criteria of concepts such as responsibility and consciousness. We believe
that these strategies to deal with the translation problem should guide the practice of neuroscientific research to
be able to contribute to our day-to-day life more effectively.
1. Introduction
Can brain scans read thoughts? If so, can they detect lies? Questions
such as these are frequently being asked today, and jurors seriously
consider the use of neuroimaging data in court (Costandi, 2013;
McCabe, Castel, & Rhodes, 2011; Roskies, Schweitzer, & Saks, 2013).
This example illustrates, on the one hand, the quick rise of the field of
neuroscience. On the other hand, however, it highlights the demand for
translation of scientific findings about the brain into language that is
appropriate to improve practices outside of cognitive neuroscience.
Usually this is the language of common-sense cognitive concepts (‘CC-
Cs’, such as ‘lying’). The use of CCCs to report research findings suggests
that these terms have the same meaning in scientific and non-scient.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
Honest Reviews of Tim Han LMA Course Program.pptxtimhan337
Personal development courses are widely available today, with each one promising life-changing outcomes. Tim Han’s Life Mastery Achievers (LMA) Course has drawn a lot of interest. In addition to offering my frank assessment of Success Insider’s LMA Course, this piece examines the course’s effects via a variety of Tim Han LMA course reviews and Success Insider comments.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Normal Labour/ Stages of Labour/ Mechanism of LabourWasim Ak
Normal labor is also termed spontaneous labor, defined as the natural physiological process through which the fetus, placenta, and membranes are expelled from the uterus through the birth canal at term (37 to 42 weeks
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
3. Making creative cognition an integral part of cognitive science and thus neuroscience. The view has been expressed that “any theory on creativity must be consistent and integrated with contemporary understanding of brain function” If we are to further our understanding of the generative capacity of the human brain, a broader neuroscientific approach must be taken .
4. BRIEF OUTLINE OF FUNCTIONAL NEUROANATOMY The brain has developed two different types of neural systems On the one hand, the emotional brain is designed to attach a value tag to the incoming information that allows the person to evaluate the biological significance of a given event. ( 杏仁體 ) On the other hand, a separate and parallel line of information processing that is devoid of any salient information is designed to perform detailed feature analysis. ( 海馬迴 )
5. PREFRONTAL CORTEX FUNCTION AND CREATIVITY The TOP neurons are devoted primarily to perception and long-term memory. The prefrontal cortex is not a single unit. It is functionally divided into ventromedial (VMPFC) and dorsolateral (DLPFC) aspects. The VMPFC is heavily connected to the amygdala and cingulate cortex .( 杏仁體 ) The DLPFC is also heavily interconnected with the TOP regions, ( 海馬迴 ) Research has implicated the DLPFC in working memory , directed attention, and temporal integration . Cognitive research has shown that working memory is severely limited in capacity, either in storage, or processing, or both. ( 但其損傷也不影響個性和情緒的改變 )
6. The framework of creativity outlined in this article proposes that there are two types of processing modes, deliberate and spontaneous , that can give rise to creative thoughts.
7. The Wisconsin Card Sorting Task (WCST) _color, number, or shape When the examiner changes the sorting rule, patients are required to adapt to the new rule. Patients with DLPFC damage show perseverative errors in this task, continuing to sort according to the old rule even in the face of obvious discrepancy. This is frequently interpreted as a failure of working memory because relevant past behavior is required to perform the task successfully.
8. Given that perseveration to old information is anathema to creative thinking , it is evident that a fully operational prefrontal cortex enables cognition that is necessary for creative ability. Creativity is the epitome of cognitive flexibility.
9. Given that perseveration to old information is anathema to creative thinking , it is evident that a fully operational prefrontal cortex enables cognition that is necessary for creative ability. Creativity is the epitome of cognitive flexibility. (The frontal lobe provides for cognitive flexibility and freedom, and releases us from the slavery of direct environmental triggers or the memory stored in the TOP.)
10. In conclusion, creativity requires cognitive abilities, such as working memory, sustained attention, cognitive flexibility, and judgment of propriety, that are typically ascribed to the prefrontal cortex. (has been stressed by other investigators)
11. TYPES OF CREATIVITY This is compatible with the theory that creativity is essentially a Darwinian process. Considering the definition of creativity, it is proposed that there are four basic types of creativity: Novelty production can occur in emotional structures or in cognitive structures , and crossing the type of information with the two modes of processing ( deliberate or spontaneous ) yields the four basic types.
12. “ Final common pathway” First, to evaluate the appropriateness of a novel thought, one has to become conscious of it. ( 評估新穎想法的適當性 ) Second, insights are only the first step in converting novel combinations of information into creative work. ( 以洞察力組合資料為新穎結構 ) Third, the prefrontal cortex must implement the expression of the insight. the prefrontal cortex orchestrates action in accordance with internal goals . ( 將其推行至美學或科學的目標 )
13. In art as well as science, the expression of a creative insight requires a high level of skill, knowledge , and/or technique that depends upon continuous problem solving . Great works of art or science such as Picasso’s Guernica or Einstein’s theory of relativity are the result of goal-directed behaviors that took months or years to mature.
14. Processing Modes ( 處理模態 ) _spontaneous and deliberate A number of researchers have pointed out that creative insights are marked by sudden realizations that tend to occur in a mental state that is characterized by defocused attention. Other researchers have argued the opposite view— Creativity is the result of deliberate and methodical problem solving . Has been suggested that creative insights can occur in both processing modes (Finke, 1996).
15. Watson and Crick’s discovery of DNA to Edison’s inventions and Bach’s Brandenburg Concertos, it is abundantly clear that creative work can also be the result of laborious trial and error . To the conscious brain, the unconscious brain appears to be a parallel processor. ( 腦可能具有意識與無意識之平行處理器 )
16. Watson and Crick’s discovery of DNA to Edison’s inventions and Bach’s Brandenburg Concertos, it is abundantly clear that creative work can also be the result of laborious trial and error . To the conscious brain, the unconscious brain appears to be a parallel processor. ( 腦可能具有意識與無意識之平行處理器 ) Several lines of evidence corroborate the notion that deliberate insights are qualitatively different from spontaneous insights. ( 深思熟慮的洞察力性質上不同於自然的洞察力 )
17. Watson and Crick’s discovery of DNA to Edison’s inventions and Bach’s Brandenburg Concertos, it is abundantly clear that creative work can also be the result of laborious trial and error . To the conscious brain, the unconscious brain appears to be a parallel processor. ( 腦可能具有意識與無意識之平行處理器 ) Several lines of evidence corroborate the notion that deliberate insights are qualitatively different from spontaneous insights. ( 深思熟慮的洞察力性質上不同於自然的洞察力 ) Given the evidence that the prefrontal cortex houses a person’s cultural values and belief system ( 前額葉腦皮層收納一個人的文化價值和信念系統 )
18. Thus, while the deliberate mode allows the thinker to direct cerebral capacities to a particular problem, it has the disadvantage of limiting the solution space. 當深思熟慮的模態讓思考者將腦的能力集中於一個特別問題時, 它會有限制解決方案空間的缺點。 Creativity due to spontaneous insights is presumed to be qualitatively different because it is not initiated by prefrontal database searches that are limited to preconceived mental paradigms, as well as quantitatively because information is not subject to the capacity limit. ( 自然的處理模態是創造力與洞察力直覺的基本機制。 ) 與深思熟慮的處理模態相反,創造力來自然的洞察力, 因前額葉的資料庫搜尋不被限制於先考慮心智的範例, 也不受資料處理能力量化限制而是追求品質。
19. Additional evidence that prefrontal activation provides the basis for the qualitative difference between the two modes of processing comes from altered states of consciousness. 額外證據: 「前額葉的活動為處理這兩個模態性質上的不同提供基礎」 其來自意識狀態的改變。
20. Dreaming might be regarded as the most extreme form of the spontaneous processing mode and can give rise to insights that are difficult to come by during normal waking consciousness. 做夢可能被視為極端形式的自然的處理模態, 而且能引出難以在叫醒意識常態期間取得的洞察力。 Dreaming is regarded by many as the mental state with the most creative potential. 做夢被多數視為大腦心智最有創造力潛能的階段。 Dreams rarely conform to societal values and conventional wisdom. 夢很少地遵照社會的價值和主流看法。
21. Dreaming might be regarded as the most extreme form of the spontaneous processing mode and can give rise to insights that are difficult to come by during normal waking consciousness. 做夢可能被視為極端形式的自然的處理模態, 而且能引出難以在叫醒意識常態期間取得的洞察力。 Dreaming is regarded by many as the mental state with the most creative potential. 做夢被多數視為大腦心智最有創造力潛能的階段。 Dreams rarely conform to societal values and conventional wisdom. 夢很少地遵照社會的價值和主流看法。 Daydreaming is also an altered state of consciousness attributable to prefrontal cortex down regulation, albeit not as profound as dreaming (Dietrich, 2003) 白日夢可歸於對前額葉的外皮層意識狀態被改變,雖然不是像做夢那樣深。
22. Again, it should be explicitly clear that no suggestion is made here that creative insights are exclusively of one particular type. Description of Basic Types
23. Deliberate mode–cognitive structures (Domain specific 領域特性 ) *Prototypical examples of deliberate/cognitive creativity are the methodical piecing together of the structure of DNA and Edison’s systematic approach to inventing. ( 結構與系統性方法 ) *That expertise alone does not constitute creativity , quality must also depend on how “nimble” ( 敏捷 )the prefrontal cortex is. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Deliberate mode–emotional structures (Person’s norms and value 個人的準則和價值 ) It would appear that this type of insight is independent of domain-specific knowledge, since emotional experiences are universal. ( 不受領域特性控制,因為情緒經驗是宇宙性的 )
24. Spontaneous mode–cognitive structures (Expertise 專長 ) *This type of insight has its origin in TOP areas during associative unconscious thinking. ( 無意識的思考 ) *They are often described as mysterious and indicated by such metaphors as “ being hit by a ton of bricks,” or the proverbial light bulb turning on.( 如同被磚頭打到 ) *Newton is said to have thought of gravity while watching a falling apple( 牛頓 ) *Einstein thought of relativity while imagining himself riding on a beam of light( 愛因斯坦 ) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Spontaneous mode–emotional structures (Specific skills 特定技能 ) It is perhaps the mechanism that results in what is referred to as a revelation, an epiphany, or a religious experience. ( 它也許是被稱為揭露,或一個靈光乍現,或一種宗教性的經驗造成的機制。 )
25. RECONCEPTUALIZING CONTROVERSIES IN CREATIVITY RESEARCH ( 重新定義在創造力研究的爭論 ) 1.Creativity and Knowledge First, it is imperative to recognize that knowledge and creativity recruit different brain circuits. By proposing that creative insights based on emotional computations are universal, and thus independent of formal knowledge, the relationship between knowledge and creativity can be refined even further. 根植於情感上為基礎的有創造力的洞察力是宇宙性的, 這是獨立於正式知識之外,知識和創造力之間的關係須更進一步被精煉。 The more formal knowledge is required for truly innovative work within it. 知識在真正的創新工作裡面是被需要的。 (Picasso’s work is not based on any historic, military, or other knowledge that can be acquired by formal education. It is based on understanding human suffering) 畢卡索的工作不以任何的歷史性、軍事、或其他的能因正式的教育所獲得的知識為基礎。它以理解痛苦、 正義和恐懼為同理心。
26. RECONCEPTUALIZING CONTROVERSIES IN CREATIVITY RESEARCH ( 重新定義在創造力研究的爭論 ) 2.Age and Creativity Simonton (1997) has convincingly demonstrated that “ creative productivity is a function of career age, not chronological age” For instance, mathematicians peak on average at 26.5 years of career age, while historians peak at 38.5 (Simonton, 1997). Because prefrontal-dependent mental functions do not significantly decline until old age. ( 前額葉的腦功能不會隨著老化而下降 )
27. DIRECTIONS IN FUTURE RESEARCH and CONCLUSIONS The framework suggests that future tests would benefit from the intentional incorporation of cognitive processes that are associated with specific brain areas. ( 認知程序與特定的腦區域結合 ) By distinguishing among several types of creativity, the framework permits the dissociation of factors such as knowledge, domain, and age, and systematizes the relationship of each of these influences to the creative process. ( 允許各種因素的分解與並組織起彼此影響力的關係 )