Creativity is a mental process involving the generations of new ideas or concepts or new association between existing ideas or concepts.
Creativity involves the generation of new ideas or the recombination of known elements into something new, providing valuable solutions to a problem.
Creativity isn't just for artists, musicians, writers, and designers. We all have the ability to be excellent creative thinkers. - https://www.milestechnologies.com
This presentation is all about the importance of creativity in entrepreneurship. It will also discuss the nature, constituents, and types of creativity.
Presentation created for organizational behavior lecture; topics are theories of creativity, creativity in the individual, and creativity in the workplace.
Creativity is a mental process involving the generations of new ideas or concepts or new association between existing ideas or concepts.
Creativity involves the generation of new ideas or the recombination of known elements into something new, providing valuable solutions to a problem.
Creativity isn't just for artists, musicians, writers, and designers. We all have the ability to be excellent creative thinkers. - https://www.milestechnologies.com
This presentation is all about the importance of creativity in entrepreneurship. It will also discuss the nature, constituents, and types of creativity.
Presentation created for organizational behavior lecture; topics are theories of creativity, creativity in the individual, and creativity in the workplace.
Lateral Thinking is solving problems through an indirect and creative approach.
The term was coined in1967 by Edward de Bono.
Lateral thinking is for changing concepts and perceptions.
Lateral thinking, is the ability to think creatively.
Ready, Set, Present (Creativity PowerPoint Presentation Content): 100+ PowerPoint presentation content slides. Creativity adds to everyone’s personal and professional bottom line and is where innovation and excellence begins. Creativity PowerPoint Presentation Content slides include topics such as: understanding creativity as a human skill using mini systems and processes, the benefits of creativity, left and right brain thinking, blocks to creativity, organizational success through creativity, over techniques, methods, examples and exercises. There are 9 slides covering the definition of creativity, 10 slides on how creative mind works followed by 14 slides describing the process of creativity, creative people and their qualities. Within the first 43 slides you will discover connection between creativity and organizational success and ways to increase your personal creativity. In addition you will receive 19 slides of unique information about fostering organizational creativity, 23 slides covering management and group creativity as well as 11 slides about creativity and the future plus much more.
This presentation aims at boosting your creativity, whether you need it for your innovation processes, for your marketing and sales or for other purposes.
It will inform you about:
- what the creativity process is
- how creativity was perceived in history
- what are the main scientific discoveries about creativity
- what cutting edge creativity building techniques exist today
- practical information about these techniques, for instance :
- brainstorming and related approaches
- innovation games
- lateral thinking, 6 hats
- mindmaps
- improvisation derived approch
- who have been the main innovators in creativity techniques and what they have developped
By the way, I practice these techniques and teach them to companies and at the "Ecole Supérieure de Ventes" of Saint Germain en Laye.
Creative Thinking (Convergent and Divergent thinking)Prinson Rodrigues
Topics included: Creativity, Creative Thinking, Convergent and Divergent thinking, Six Phase Model (ICEDIP), Idea generation, Brainstorming and Image generation.
Developing Creative Thinking: a presentation describing what creative thinking is, how does one develop it, what are the barriers we face and how do we overcome them
In this lecture, I changed the format and invited my class to learn form playing games and exercises to boost creativity. The students loved these games, and participated enthusiastically in this format of learning!
Lateral Thinking is solving problems through an indirect and creative approach.
The term was coined in1967 by Edward de Bono.
Lateral thinking is for changing concepts and perceptions.
Lateral thinking, is the ability to think creatively.
Ready, Set, Present (Creativity PowerPoint Presentation Content): 100+ PowerPoint presentation content slides. Creativity adds to everyone’s personal and professional bottom line and is where innovation and excellence begins. Creativity PowerPoint Presentation Content slides include topics such as: understanding creativity as a human skill using mini systems and processes, the benefits of creativity, left and right brain thinking, blocks to creativity, organizational success through creativity, over techniques, methods, examples and exercises. There are 9 slides covering the definition of creativity, 10 slides on how creative mind works followed by 14 slides describing the process of creativity, creative people and their qualities. Within the first 43 slides you will discover connection between creativity and organizational success and ways to increase your personal creativity. In addition you will receive 19 slides of unique information about fostering organizational creativity, 23 slides covering management and group creativity as well as 11 slides about creativity and the future plus much more.
This presentation aims at boosting your creativity, whether you need it for your innovation processes, for your marketing and sales or for other purposes.
It will inform you about:
- what the creativity process is
- how creativity was perceived in history
- what are the main scientific discoveries about creativity
- what cutting edge creativity building techniques exist today
- practical information about these techniques, for instance :
- brainstorming and related approaches
- innovation games
- lateral thinking, 6 hats
- mindmaps
- improvisation derived approch
- who have been the main innovators in creativity techniques and what they have developped
By the way, I practice these techniques and teach them to companies and at the "Ecole Supérieure de Ventes" of Saint Germain en Laye.
Creative Thinking (Convergent and Divergent thinking)Prinson Rodrigues
Topics included: Creativity, Creative Thinking, Convergent and Divergent thinking, Six Phase Model (ICEDIP), Idea generation, Brainstorming and Image generation.
Developing Creative Thinking: a presentation describing what creative thinking is, how does one develop it, what are the barriers we face and how do we overcome them
In this lecture, I changed the format and invited my class to learn form playing games and exercises to boost creativity. The students loved these games, and participated enthusiastically in this format of learning!
Process
Nathaniel Barr, PhD
What is creativity, anyway?
“Creativity is the ability to produce work that is both novel and appropriate”
~ Sternberg & Lubart
“Humans are animals that specialize in thinking and knowing, and our extraordinary cognitive abilities have transformed every aspect of our lives. In contrast to our chimpanzee cousins and Stone Age ancestors, we are complex political, economic, scientific and artistic creatures, living in a vast range of habitats, many of which are our own creation.”
-Cecelia Hayes
3
Systems view of Creativity
Hennessey & Amabile, 2010,
Annual Review of Psychology
“The term ‘cognition’ refers to all processes by which the sensory input is transformed, reduced, elaborated, stored, recovered, and used. It is concerned with these processes even when they operate in the absence of relevant stimulation, as in images and hallucinations... Given such a sweeping definition, it is apparent that cognition is involved in everything a human being might possibly do; that every psychological phenomenon is a cognitive phenomenon.”
Ulric Neisser, 1967, Cognitive Psychology
5
Spontaneous or deliberate creativity
Spontaneous: Insight
Deliberate: CPS
Meliorism
“humans can, through their interference with processes that would otherwise be natural, produce an outcome which is an improvement over the aforementioned natural one”
In order to interfere with processes and improve them, we need to know how things work…
Understanding your mind
Interfering with the natural way you think
Improvement of performance
Deliberate creativity
J.P. Guilford’s 1950 APA Address
“The neglect of this subject by psychologists is appalling…I examined the index of the Psychological Abstracts for each year since its origin. Of approximately 121,000 titles listed in the past 23 years, only 186 were indexed as definitely bearing on the subject of creativity.”
-Guilford
J.P. Guilford’s 1950 APA Address
“In other words, less than two-tenths of one per cent of the books and articles indexed in the Abstracts for approximately the past quarter century [1925-1950] bear directly on this subject.”
-Guilford
Intelligence
“Some of you will undoubtedly feel that the subject of creative genius has not been as badly neglected as I have indicated, because of the common belief that genius is largely a matter of intelligence and the IQ.”
-Guilford
Galton, Cattell, Cox, Terman, Spearman
Not just intelligence
Guilford’s address marked the “the emergence of a wider psychological interest in the non-intellective components of cognitive performance.”
-Shouksmith, 1970, p. 205
Increased attention
In decade following Guilford’s address, more than 800 records exist
-Arons, 1965
1927-1950: 4.5 papers per year
1950-1960: 80 papers per year
Ways of thinking, not just raw ability
“It took the genius of thinkers like Alex Osborn, an advertising executive, and Sidney Parnes, an academic research, to realize that ...
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4. What is your creative process?
Think of things that you do when you have to come up
with something creative
What all do you do, in what order…?
Time: 5 min
5. Left Brain – Right Brain
In 60s, some of the research work led to this thinking
Left brain: Logical, Scientific, etc.
Right brain: Emotional, Creative, etc.
7. Left Brain-Right Brain Myth!
http://blogs.scientificamerican.com/beautiful-minds/the-real-neuroscience-of-creativity/
8. The Reality!
Creativity doesn’t involve a single brain region or single
side of brain!
Entire creative process consists of many interacting
cognitive processes and emotions
Depending on the stage of of the creative process, and
what you’re trying to create, different brain regions are
used, that work as a team to get the job done
9. Different tasks…
When you mentally rotate a physical image in your
mind, you use Dorsal Attention / Visuospatial
Network
If the task involves language, Broca’s area and
Wernicke’s area are more likely to be recruited
For creative cognition, three networks are critical
Executive Attention Network
Imagination Network
Salience Network
10. Brain and Creative Thinking
Attention Control Network
Helps us focus
Imagination Network
Remember the past, and
Imagine the future
Construct mental images
Attentional Flexibility Network
Monitoring things around us and inside brains, and
Switching between earlier two
11. Executive Attention Network
Recruited when a task requires focus like a laser, like
when you are concentrating on a complex problem, etc.
which requires heavy usage of working memory
Involves efficient and reliable communication between
lateral (outer) regions of the prefrontal cortex and areas
towards the back (posterior) of the Parietal lobe
Probably used more heavily in the second phase of
creativity – focusing on, checking and sharpening the
final product, rather than the initial freeform creative
process.
12. Imagination Network
According to Randy Buckner and colleagues, the Default
Network (referred to here as the Imagination Network) is
involved in "constructing dynamic mental simulations based
on personal past experiences such as used during
remembering, thinking about the future, and generally
when imagining alternative perspectives and scenarios to the
present."
The Imagination Network is also involved in
social cognition. For instance, when we are imagining what
someone else is thinking, this brain network is active.
Involves areas deep inside the prefrontal cortex and temporal
lobe (medial regions), along with communication with
various outer and inner regions of the parietal cortex.
13. Salience Network
The Salience Network constantly monitors both
external events and the internal stream of
consciousness and flexibly passes the baton to whatever
information is most salient to solving the task at hand.
This network consists of the dorsal anterior cingulate
cortices [dACC] and anterior insular [AI] and is
important for dynamic switching between networks.
15. Neuroscience of Creative
Cognition
In a recent large review, Rex Jung and colleagues provide a
"first approximation" regarding how creative cognition might
map on to the human brain. Their review suggests that
when you want to loosen your associations, allow your mind
to roam free, imagine new possibilities, and silence the inner
critic, it's good to reduce activation of the Executive
Attention Network (a bit, but not completely) and increase
activation of the Imagination and Salience Networks.
Indeed, recent research on jazz musicians and rappers
engaging in creative improvisation suggests that's precisely
what is happening in the brain while in a flow state.
However, sometimes it's important to bring the Executive
Attention Network back online, and critically evaluate and
implement your creative ideas.
16. Latent Inhibition
We get literally billions of inputs. Brain needs to filter out
irrelevant information. This ability is known as Latent
Inhibition
Without this subconscious inability to pick and choose
what’s relevant to us at that point, we would have to deal
with too much of noise!
a study using high-IQ individuals found that those with
lower latent inhibition scores were more likely to be creative.
The authors wonder whether an innate propensity to be
open to experience might play a role in creativity. Simply
put, people who are less likely to classify an object or a
sound as "irrelevant" are at an advantage when it comes to
producing creative, original content.
http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/306611.php?page=2
17. Processes behind Creativity
1. Attention “Both for focusing in deep work and sustaining oneself through
thick and thin to finish the creative work, and for flexibly searching in
memory and one’s environment for crucial clues to the puzzle.”
2. Analogy/metaphorical thinking “For connecting knowledge bits that
might seem unrelated.”
3. Network organization of memory “With spreading activation and
susceptibility of these activation patterns to be altered by external
input, e.g., Priming can overcome Functional fixedness.”
4. Forgetting “Natural tendency of memories to decay over time (this might
be why Incubation helps when you are stuck on a problem, forgetting allows
for unproductive thought patterns to decay and stop hogging memory space)”
5. Imagination “Capacity to construct multiple construals of stimuli, and to
flexibly combine bits of memory into novel representations”
http://creativesomething.net/post/57423335221/what-neuroscience-teaches-us-about-creativity
18. Creative Process?
1926: The Art of Thought –
Graham Wallace
1940: A Technique for Producing
Ideas: the simple five-step
formula anyone can use to be
more creative in business and in
life! – James Webb Young
19. Wallace
Extended ideas of the great Physicist Helmholtz’s three
stages of formation of new thought by adding the stage
4 of verification
Refers to work of Henri Pioncare in his book Science
and Method
Stage 1: Preparation
Stage 2: Incubation
Stage 3: Illumination
Stage 4: Verification
20. Stage 1: Preparation
Investigate the problem…in all directions
Hard, conscious, systematic, and fruitless analysis of the
problem
21. Stage 2: Incubation
The Incubation stage covers two different things, of
which
the first is the negative fact that during Incubation we
do not voluntarily or consciously think on the particular
problem, and
the second is the positive fact that a series of
unconscious and involuntary mental events may take
place during the event.
No thinking done, but unconscious mental exploration
done (Pioncare)
22. Stage 3: Illumination
“…the thinker is preparing himself for the solution of a single
problem, he will often (particularly if he is working on the very
complex material of the social sciences) have several kindred
problems in his mind, on all of which the voluntary work of
preparation has been, or is being done, and for any of which, at
the illumination stage, a solution may present itself.”
Final idea came “with the same characteristics of conciseness,
suddenness, and immediate certainty”
I shall now discuss the much more difficult question of the degree
to which our will can influence the less controllable stage which I
have called Illumination. Helmholtz and Pioncare both speak of
the appearance of a new idea as instantaneous and unexpected. If
we do define the illumination stage as to restrict it to this
instantaneous “flash”, it is obvious that we cannot influence it by
a direct effort of will; because we can only bring our will bear
upon psychological events which lasts for an appreciable time.
23. Stage 4: Verification
Validity of the idea is tested, and idea itself was reduced
to exact form
“It never happens that unconscious work supplies
readymade the result of a lengthy calculation in which
we have only to apply fixed rules
24. Young
“An idea, I thought, has some of that mysterious quality
which romance lends to tales of the sudden appearance of
islands in the South Seas.
There, according to ancient mariners, in spots where the
charts showed only blue-deep sea – there would suddenly
appear a lovely atoll above the surface of the waters. The air
of magic hung about it.
And so it is, I thought, with ideas. They appear just as
suddenly above the surface of the mind; and with that
same air of magic and unaccountability.”
25. Young
But the scientist knows that the South Sea atoll is the work of
countless, unseen coral builders, working below the surface of
the sea.
And so I asked myself: “Is an idea,
too, like this? Is it only, the final result
of a long series of unseen idea-
building processes which go on
beneath the surface of the conscious
mind?
26. Young
This has brought me to the conclusion that the
production of ideas is as definite process as the
production of Fords; that the production of
ideas, too, runs on an assembly line; that in
this production the mind follows an operative
technique which can be learned and controlled;
and that its effective use is just as much a
matter of practice in the technique as is the
effective use of any tool.
27. Young
In learning any art, the important things to
learn are, first, Principles; and second, Method.
This is true for the art of producing ideas.
So with the art of producing ideas. What is
most valuable know is not where to look for a
particular idea, but how to train the mind in
the method by which the ideas are produced;
and how to grasp the principles which are source
of all ideas.
28. Young
Principles
An idea is nothing more nor less than a new combination
of old elements.
The capacity to bring old elements into new
combinations, depends largely on the ability to see
relationships.
Consequently, the habit of mind which leads to a
search for relationships between facts becomes of the
highest importance in the production of ideas.
29. Process
1. Gather raw materials
1. Two kinds: specific and general
2. In advertising, an idea result from a new combination of specific knowledge about the
products and people, and with general knowledge about life and events.
2. Masticating the raw materials
1. Bring facts together and see how they fit
2. Mental digestive process
3. Take a break!
1. Put the problem away, sleep over it, do something else…
2. Let your unconscious kind work on it
4. Idea emerges out of nowhere!
1. Just when or where you least expect it
5. Shaping and polishing into a practical idea
1. Share it with the world, submit to criticism
2. Work like inventor to go through with applying this adapting path of the process.
30. Recap
We are just beginning to understand the neuroscience
of creativity, and it does NOT involve left brain-right
brain!
Various networks in the brain get triggered in the
creative process, quite unconsciously
However, a creative process can help us streamline how
our brain approaches creative problem solving
In the next class, we we do some creative exercises and
play some creative games J
32. References
For a more creative brain, follow these 5 steps,
http://jamesclear.com/five-step-creative-process
It’s time to bury the idea of the Lone Genius Innovator,
https://hbr.org/2016/04/its-time-to-bury-the-idea-of-the-lone-genius-innovator
The Science of Great Ideas – How to Train your Creative Brain,
https://www.fastcompany.com/3022519/work-smart/the-science-of-great-ideas-how-to-
train-your-creative-brains
How much sleep do you really need,
http://content.time.com/time/health/article/0,8599,1812420,00.html
Do creative people have more bad ideas than average?,
https://www.quora.com/Do-creative-people-have-more-bad-ideas-than-average
https://www.quora.com/Why-are-some-people-more-creative-than-others
https://www.fastcodesign.com/3062292/evidence/brainstorming-is-dumb
http://creativesomething.net/post/104671882899/john-cleese-nobody-has-any-idea-at-
first
33. Books
Orbiting the Giant Hairball – A Corporate Fool’s
Guide to Surviving with Grace, Gordon MacKenzie
A Whack on the Side of the Head – How You Can be
More Creative, Roger Von Oech
The Little Prince, Antoine de Saint-Exupery
A Technique for Producing Ideas: the simple five-step
formula anyone can use to be more creative in business
& in life!, James Webb Young