The French and Indian War ignited tensions between France and England over land in North America. While the French and their Indian allies won early battles, British victory at Quebec proved a turning point that led to France ceding lands to Britain per the 1763 Treaty of Paris. However, the war left Britain with large debts, leading them to impose taxes on the colonies through acts like the Stamp Act and Townshend Acts over colonial protests centered on "no taxation without representation." Tensions rose further as groups like the Sons of Liberty organized resistance and the Boston Massacre occurred in 1770.