The document summarizes the increasing tensions between Britain and its American colonies from 1763 to 1773. It describes how Britain imposed new taxes and laws on the colonies to raise revenue and tighten control after costly wars. The colonies protested taxation without representation through boycotts and acts of resistance like the Boston Tea Party. This led to the growing conflict between British authority and colonial demands for more self-governance and rights.

1. 6.1 Tighter British Control

2. North America, 1763

3. King George III

4. When the French and Indian War ended in North America Britain had two big problems 1. War debt-they need more revenue out of the colonies 2. Indian unrest on the frontier When the French and Indian War ended Britain imposed new laws and restrictions on the colonies Salutary Neglect- The colonies had been allowed to develop largely on their own

5. Pontiac’s rebellion -In the summer of 1763 Native groups attacked British settlers and forts in the west King George III issued the Proclamation of 1763 which forbade the colonists from settling west of the Appalachian mountains

6. The British Parliament passed the Quartering Act as a cost saving measure.. It required the colonies to house, or quarter, British soldiers and provide them with supplies To keep peace with the Native Britain decided to keep 10,000 soldiers in the colonies

7. In 1764 the Parliament passed the Sugar Act which taxed sugar, molasses and other products shipped to the colonies In the past the king had asked the colonial assemblies to pass taxes to support military actions in the colonies This time Parliament taxed colonial trade directly to raise money for the war debt

8. Colonists angry because: Did not think they should be taxed to pay Britain’s debt Strict enforcement of import duties would cost colonial merchants a lot of money (smuggling was more profitable) “ No taxation without representation!” - Colonial leaders, such as James Otis, claimed that Parliament had no right to tax the colonies because the colonies were not represented in Parliament

9. In 1765 Parliament passed the Stamp Act . It required all legal and commercial documents to carry an official stamp showing that a tax had been paid

11. The Stamp Act Congress was a meeting held in New York City in October, 1765 Colonial leaders met to discuss their concerns First time the colonies met to consider acting together in protest

12. The colonies protested the Stamp Act The Stamp Act Congress drew up a petition to the king which declared that the right to tax the colonies belonged to the colonial assemblies Colonial merchants organized a boycott (refusal to buy) of British goods Some colonists formed secret societies to oppose British policies such as the Sons of Liberty

13. Tarring and Feathering a Tory group of agitators Not all of their protests were peaceful

14. Sam Adams was the leader of the Sons of Liberty.

15. The Stamp Act was repealed (taken back) in 1766 due to pressure on Parliament by British merchants hurt by the boycott

16. At the same time Parliament repealed the Stamp Act they passed the Declaratory Act stating that they had supreme authority to govern the colonies. The colonists celebrated the repeal of the Stamp Act and ignored the Declaratory Act The great tug of war between Parliament and the colonies had begun

17. 6.2 Colonial Resistance Grows

18. The Townshend Acts , 1767 Suspended New York’s assembly until New Yorkers agreed to provide housing for troops, to comply with the Quartering Act Placed duties ( import taxes ) on imports such as glass, lead, paint, paper, and tea Parliament hoped that a tax on trade, collected before goods entered the colonies, might anger colonists less than the direct tax of the Stamp Act Charles Townshend Chancellor of the Exchequer (Treasurer)

19. Writs of Assistance would be used to enforce the new tax laws. They were blank search warrants to enter homes and businesses to search for smuggled goods Many felt the writs violated natural rights James Otis - “A man’s home is his castle”

20. To protest the Townshend Acts .. Sons of Liberty announce another boycott - Colonial merchants under “pressure” from the Sons sign non-importation agreements The Daughters of Liberty, a woman’s group, organizes to support the boycott by making “American” products The Massachusetts assembly sends a circular letter to other assemblies asking for suggestions of ways to oppose the Townshend Acts

21. Fearing loss of control the British move 4,000 armed troops into Boston and tension fills the streets

22. The tension explodes when 5 people are killed in the Boston Massacre.

23. John Adams defended the redcoats that were arrested. Wanted to show that the colonists followed the rule of law

24. On the same day of the Boston Massacre Parliament had proposed the repeal of all the Townshend Acts except for the tax on tea. Crisis began to die down Boycott of British tea continues

25. Sam Adams establishes the Committees of Correspondence to exchange letters about colonial affairs and issues. He wanted to make sure people did not forget the cause of liberty

26. Parliament passed the Tea Act (1773) which cut the tax on imported tea and gave the British East India company a monopoly on the American tea trade. Tea would arrive in the colonies only on their ships and be sold by its merchants directly to colonists without paying the taxes colonial merchants had to pay Bad for the patriots because.. It lowered the price of tea even below the cost of smuggled tea and that would break the boycott. It would have cost the colonial tea merchants (smugglers) a lot of money.

27. Protests against Tea Act are taking place all over the colonies. The Sons of Liberty are sending shiploads of tea back to Britain with threats. In Boston Governor Hutchinson refuses to send the tea back

28. The Sons of Liberty organized the Boston Tea Party .

29. After the Tea Party Britain wanted.. Repayment The men who destroyed the tea to be brought to trial