Whyhistory
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The document outlines different methods of historical inquiry including recall, interpretation, application, analysis, synthesis, and evaluation. It explains that historians recall facts, interpret events, apply lessons from the past to understand the present, analyze situations by breaking them into parts, synthesize information to find patterns and make generalizations, and evaluate people and events by making judgments. The study of history is important because it allows us to understand our shared experiences and apply lessons from the past to address current issues.
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Why history
The document outlines the method of historical inquiry which involves recalling, interpreting, illustrating, applying, analyzing, synthesizing, and evaluating information from the past. It discusses how historians recall facts, read between the lines to interpret events, illustrate ideas, apply the past to understand the present, analyze situations by breaking them into parts and timelines, synthesize information to find patterns and draw conclusions, and evaluate people and events by examining multiple sides and judging them against standards. The overall purpose of studying history according to the document is to better understand the present and past in order to avoid making similar mistakes.
History
This document discusses the importance of studying history. It prompts the reader to recall what they know about history from elementary school and to write down their thoughts. It then defines history as the study of chronologically arranged human experiences, events, cultures, religions, governments, and places of the past. The document argues that studying history is important for several reasons: it gives us knowledge of the past to make better decisions; helps us understand present situations; allows us to develop skills like leadership, comprehension, analysis, and differentiation; and helps prevent repeating mistakes of the past. The overall message is that history should be studied to know oneself and one's culture better.
History
This document discusses why history matters and why we study history. It provides several reasons:
1) History does not provide direct lessons but allows us to draw insights from the past to inform our future actions.
2) History gives us a sense of identity by showing the past of our communities and cultures.
3) Examining history can reveal fundamental truths about human nature and condition.
Historical concepts
This document discusses key concepts in historical inquiry, including how perspectives shape history, the importance of distinguishing between primary and secondary sources, and concepts like continuity and change, cause and effect, empathy, significance, and contestability. Historians recognize that perspectives change over time and are influenced by factors like age, gender, and beliefs. They also seek to identify developments over both the short and long term by examining continuity and change as well as causes and effects of historical events.
Story Includes Plot
Story includes plot but is a composition that reveals plot in an order that creates the effects that develop meaning
History as a discipline
This document discusses the discipline of history. It defines history as the study of past human experience based on evidence from the past. Key points:
- History has no subject matter of its own and synthesizes knowledge from many fields to illuminate pieces of the past. It is constantly changing and subjective.
- The elements of history include people, places, time periods, and primary and secondary sources. The historical methodology involves choosing a topic, identifying relevant information, examining sources for validity, and organizing the information into a narrative.
- The uses and importance of history include helping us understand what it means to be human, improving judgment, providing examples, and supporting cultural understanding. Studying the past also prepares us for
What is History?
This document discusses what history is and why it is important to study. It defines history as a branch of knowledge that records and explains past events. Key reasons to study history include: to understand the roots of our current culture, learn from past mistakes, examine trends that repeat throughout history, learn historical facts, and understand how society has been shaped over time. The document outlines that historians investigate the past through a variety of primary and secondary sources. Primary sources were created during the time period being studied, while secondary sources interpret and analyze primary sources.
Sources and importance of history
This document discusses sources and importance of history. It defines history and provides examples of definitions. It outlines key sources of historical information including oral traditions, historical sites, written records, and archives. It describes functions, advantages and limitations of oral traditions, historical sites, and written records as sources. Studying history is important as it allows understanding of how societies developed, cultural and technological advancements, and skills like critical thinking. History provides context to understand the present and predict the future.
Recommended
Why history
The document outlines the method of historical inquiry which involves recalling, interpreting, illustrating, applying, analyzing, synthesizing, and evaluating information from the past. It discusses how historians recall facts, read between the lines to interpret events, illustrate ideas, apply the past to understand the present, analyze situations by breaking them into parts and timelines, synthesize information to find patterns and draw conclusions, and evaluate people and events by examining multiple sides and judging them against standards. The overall purpose of studying history according to the document is to better understand the present and past in order to avoid making similar mistakes.
History
This document discusses the importance of studying history. It prompts the reader to recall what they know about history from elementary school and to write down their thoughts. It then defines history as the study of chronologically arranged human experiences, events, cultures, religions, governments, and places of the past. The document argues that studying history is important for several reasons: it gives us knowledge of the past to make better decisions; helps us understand present situations; allows us to develop skills like leadership, comprehension, analysis, and differentiation; and helps prevent repeating mistakes of the past. The overall message is that history should be studied to know oneself and one's culture better.
History
This document discusses why history matters and why we study history. It provides several reasons:
1) History does not provide direct lessons but allows us to draw insights from the past to inform our future actions.
2) History gives us a sense of identity by showing the past of our communities and cultures.
3) Examining history can reveal fundamental truths about human nature and condition.
Historical concepts
This document discusses key concepts in historical inquiry, including how perspectives shape history, the importance of distinguishing between primary and secondary sources, and concepts like continuity and change, cause and effect, empathy, significance, and contestability. Historians recognize that perspectives change over time and are influenced by factors like age, gender, and beliefs. They also seek to identify developments over both the short and long term by examining continuity and change as well as causes and effects of historical events.
Story Includes Plot
Story includes plot but is a composition that reveals plot in an order that creates the effects that develop meaning
History as a discipline
This document discusses the discipline of history. It defines history as the study of past human experience based on evidence from the past. Key points:
- History has no subject matter of its own and synthesizes knowledge from many fields to illuminate pieces of the past. It is constantly changing and subjective.
- The elements of history include people, places, time periods, and primary and secondary sources. The historical methodology involves choosing a topic, identifying relevant information, examining sources for validity, and organizing the information into a narrative.
- The uses and importance of history include helping us understand what it means to be human, improving judgment, providing examples, and supporting cultural understanding. Studying the past also prepares us for
What is History?
This document discusses what history is and why it is important to study. It defines history as a branch of knowledge that records and explains past events. Key reasons to study history include: to understand the roots of our current culture, learn from past mistakes, examine trends that repeat throughout history, learn historical facts, and understand how society has been shaped over time. The document outlines that historians investigate the past through a variety of primary and secondary sources. Primary sources were created during the time period being studied, while secondary sources interpret and analyze primary sources.
Sources and importance of history
This document discusses sources and importance of history. It defines history and provides examples of definitions. It outlines key sources of historical information including oral traditions, historical sites, written records, and archives. It describes functions, advantages and limitations of oral traditions, historical sites, and written records as sources. Studying history is important as it allows understanding of how societies developed, cultural and technological advancements, and skills like critical thinking. History provides context to understand the present and predict the future.
Unit 2 forming a nation
This document provides an overview of the key events and factors that led to the formation of America as an independent nation. It discusses the religious Great Awakening movement in the colonies and how it helped stir independence among colonists. It also examines the economic and social conflicts between Britain and the colonies that moved the colonies toward revolution. Finally, it discusses the establishment of the American republic after independence and early challenges like Shays' Rebellion that highlighted the fragility of the new nation.
Unit 7 pleasure and pain 1920 to 1945
This document discusses four sections on pleasure and pain between 1920-1945: 1) the Roaring 20s and unequal benefits of economic boom, 2) the Great Depression and its causes/impacts, 3) the New Deal reforms to address the Depression through relief, recovery and reform programs, and 4) the US joining WWII and becoming a superpower after the war. It also analyzes tensions emerging between the US and USSR as allies with differing political systems.
32 federal court system
There are two separate court systems - federal and state. There are two kinds of court cases - civil and criminal. Jurisdiction refers to a court's authority to hear a case, and there are three types of jurisdiction - original, exclusive, and concurrent jurisdiction.
Intro wwii
World War II was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the majority of the world's nations and cost over 50 million military and civilian lives. The war began with Germany invading Poland in 1939 and ended with the dropping of atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki in 1945. Major Allied powers like the US, Britain, and Soviet Union fought against Axis powers led by Germany, Italy, and Japan. The war had enormous human and financial costs and was the most devastating conflict in modern history.
41 interest groups
The document discusses public opinion and how it is formed and measured. It can be influenced by mass media, public officials, and special interest groups. Public opinion polls attempt to capture opinions through random sampling of the population but they can also influence opinions. Interest groups represent similar interests and concerns on issues and can be economic, demographic, or cause-oriented. They lobby and try to influence people and policy through providing information and supporting candidates. Lobbying activities are regulated by government to prevent bribery and require reporting.
Unit 4 separation and reconstruction
The document compares statistics between the Union and Confederate States during the American Civil War. It shows that the Union had a significantly larger total and free population, more soldiers, more railroad miles, dominated manufactured goods and firearm production, and exported more cotton before the war. However, by 1864, cotton exports from the Confederacy plummeted as the Union blockade took effect. The document also summarizes Lincoln and Johnson's Reconstruction plans, and opposition from Radical Republicans to Johnson's more lenient approach.
45 nc state government
This document discusses key aspects of state government in the United States, including the executive, legislative, and judicial branches at the state level. It notes that state governors serve 4-year terms and lead the executive branch, while state legislatures resemble Congress and are responsible for passing laws. Finally, it outlines the state court system and notes that most state judges are elected officials who handle cases that fall outside of federal jurisdiction.
38 political parties in the us
This document outlines the history of political parties in the United States, beginning with the original Federalist and Democratic-Republican parties in the late 18th century. It then discusses the rise of the Whig and Democratic parties in the early 19th century and the Republican party in the mid-19th century. The document also notes that third parties often form to advocate for issues ignored by the major parties and can be based on a single issue, person, or idea. In the final section, it lists some of the current major and minor third parties active in the U.S. today.
Unit 5 rebirth of a nation part one 1877 to 1900
The document summarizes Unit 5 of a course on the rebirth of the nation from 1877 to 1900. Section 1 discusses the growth of big business in America led by industrialists like Andrew Carnegie and John D. Rockefeller. Section 2 covers the conflict between labor and capital, influenced by the ideas of Karl Marx. Section 3 examines the origins of American empire, including the Spanish-American War and the nation's expansion into places like Hawaii, Cuba, and the Philippines through military action and diplomacy. Key foreign policies that supported imperialism included Roosevelt's Big Stick policy and Taft's Dollar Diplomacy.
47 community concerns
The document discusses public policy planning and financing. It describes how planning boards and county boards meet to create master plans for infrastructure and both short and long term goals. These plans consider priorities and resources and are financed through property taxes, sales taxes, business licenses, user fees, and bonds.
44 election day
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Ronald Reagan was elected president in 1980 on a platform of smaller government, lower taxes, and stronger national defense. His policies realigned the Republican party and American politics, emphasizing supply-side economics and social conservatism. The collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991 left the United States as the world's sole superpower. However, the 9/11 terrorist attacks in 2001 led to prolonged wars in Afghanistan and Iraq. Technological innovations and financial deregulation fueled economic growth in the 1990s-2000s, but risky lending practices contributed to the global financial crisis of 2008.
Unit 3 transformation and expansion
This document covers key events and developments during the period of 1800-1848 in the United States, including advances in transportation and communication that enabled westward expansion. It discusses the development of racial ideologies surrounding slavery in the South. The document also examines the reasons and impacts of westward expansion under the ideology of Manifest Destiny, as well as the struggles faced by Native Americans to maintain their lands and cultures in the face of white settlement and government policies.
Unit 8 cold war and civil unrest 1945 to 1980
This document provides an overview of American history from 1945-1980, covering the Cold War era and civil unrest. It discusses the social anxieties of the 1950s, the civil rights movement and key events like Brown v. Board of Education, the Vietnam War and anti-war protests, the Watergate scandal, and Jimmy Carter's presidency. The document uses essential questions to frame different sections and provide context on major political and social issues during this time period.
Mass media
This document discusses the role of mass media in politics. It describes how media events are often staged for media coverage. It outlines the development of different media like print, broadcast television and radio, and how they have shaped politics. Reporters rely on sources for stories and trial balloons to gauge reactions. News coverage favors soundbites and tends to be superficial. The media influence public opinion on what issues are important and how leaders are evaluated. The media can also restrict what policies government pursues through criticism and by pressuring officials to address problems.
Great Depression
The document summarizes the onset of the Great Depression in the United States beginning with the stock market crash of 1929. It describes the struggling economy of the late 1920s due to falling farm prices and consumer spending. The stock market crash signaled the beginning of the Great Depression, causing widespread bank failures and plummeting GDP. Unemployment skyrocketed to 25% by 1933. President Hoover initially believed the economy would recover on its own but as conditions deteriorated he took more action, though it was too little too late to save the economy or his chances of re-election in 1932.
Introduction wwii
World War II began in 1939 and lasted until 1945. It involved many countries around the world, including Great Britain, France, the Soviet Union, the United States, China, Germany, Italy and Japan. Over 50 million people died in the war. Some of the key causes included the impact of the Great Depression, the Treaty of Versailles which handicapped Germany, and Japan's invasion of China to seek resources. The war resulted in the rise of the United States and Soviet Union as superpowers and weakened Western European influence globally. It also led to the emergence of the Cold War and beginning of the nuclear age.
Do zombies care about the past
This document discusses different perspectives on what history is and why it is important to study. It notes that history involves investigating the past to gain knowledge and understand human complexity. Different groups may have opposing views of the same events in history. Studying history allows us to examine change over time, ask questions about the past, and understand different perspectives. The document emphasizes that when studying history, it is important to consider context, complexity, causation, and how choices in the past can impact the present.
His 101 w01 do zombies care about history
The document discusses why studying history is important. It provides several perspectives on what history is, including an investigation into the past to acquire knowledge, asking questions about the meaning of the past, and examining different perspectives about the past. The document notes that while history involves investigating and discussing the past, not everyone agrees on interpretations of history. It emphasizes several key principles for studying history, such as considering chronology, geography, multiple perspectives, and change over time. The overall message is that history is a complex subject that involves investigating the past from different angles and interpretations.
The Big Picture
The document discusses why it is important to study history. Studying history teaches caution through examples like the rise of Hitler in WWII, and finds inspiration through stories of struggle and success like the Spartans at Thermopylae. Developing historical thinking skills like research, comprehension, imagination, analysis and interpretation, and chronological thinking helps one understand the past and think critically about the present and future.
Do zombies care about the past 2016
The document discusses different perspectives on what history is and why it is studied. It notes that history involves investigating the past to gain knowledge and understand truths, and that different people can have different interpretations and views of the past. The document also outlines six key aspects of historical thinking: change over time, chronology, context, complexity, causation, and contingency. Overall, the document examines how and why people study history from various angles and perspectives.
TOK2 History
This document discusses several key aspects and challenges of history as an area of knowledge. It addresses the distinction between history and historiography, the role of bias in the historical process, and the difficulties of determining historical causation and reliability of sources. It also questions how historians select and categorize facts, what paradigms influence their interpretations, and whether history can ever achieve complete objectivity.
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Unit 2 forming a nation
This document provides an overview of the key events and factors that led to the formation of America as an independent nation. It discusses the religious Great Awakening movement in the colonies and how it helped stir independence among colonists. It also examines the economic and social conflicts between Britain and the colonies that moved the colonies toward revolution. Finally, it discusses the establishment of the American republic after independence and early challenges like Shays' Rebellion that highlighted the fragility of the new nation.
Unit 7 pleasure and pain 1920 to 1945
This document discusses four sections on pleasure and pain between 1920-1945: 1) the Roaring 20s and unequal benefits of economic boom, 2) the Great Depression and its causes/impacts, 3) the New Deal reforms to address the Depression through relief, recovery and reform programs, and 4) the US joining WWII and becoming a superpower after the war. It also analyzes tensions emerging between the US and USSR as allies with differing political systems.
32 federal court system
There are two separate court systems - federal and state. There are two kinds of court cases - civil and criminal. Jurisdiction refers to a court's authority to hear a case, and there are three types of jurisdiction - original, exclusive, and concurrent jurisdiction.
Intro wwii
World War II was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the majority of the world's nations and cost over 50 million military and civilian lives. The war began with Germany invading Poland in 1939 and ended with the dropping of atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki in 1945. Major Allied powers like the US, Britain, and Soviet Union fought against Axis powers led by Germany, Italy, and Japan. The war had enormous human and financial costs and was the most devastating conflict in modern history.
41 interest groups
The document discusses public opinion and how it is formed and measured. It can be influenced by mass media, public officials, and special interest groups. Public opinion polls attempt to capture opinions through random sampling of the population but they can also influence opinions. Interest groups represent similar interests and concerns on issues and can be economic, demographic, or cause-oriented. They lobby and try to influence people and policy through providing information and supporting candidates. Lobbying activities are regulated by government to prevent bribery and require reporting.
Unit 4 separation and reconstruction
The document compares statistics between the Union and Confederate States during the American Civil War. It shows that the Union had a significantly larger total and free population, more soldiers, more railroad miles, dominated manufactured goods and firearm production, and exported more cotton before the war. However, by 1864, cotton exports from the Confederacy plummeted as the Union blockade took effect. The document also summarizes Lincoln and Johnson's Reconstruction plans, and opposition from Radical Republicans to Johnson's more lenient approach.
45 nc state government
This document discusses key aspects of state government in the United States, including the executive, legislative, and judicial branches at the state level. It notes that state governors serve 4-year terms and lead the executive branch, while state legislatures resemble Congress and are responsible for passing laws. Finally, it outlines the state court system and notes that most state judges are elected officials who handle cases that fall outside of federal jurisdiction.
38 political parties in the us
This document outlines the history of political parties in the United States, beginning with the original Federalist and Democratic-Republican parties in the late 18th century. It then discusses the rise of the Whig and Democratic parties in the early 19th century and the Republican party in the mid-19th century. The document also notes that third parties often form to advocate for issues ignored by the major parties and can be based on a single issue, person, or idea. In the final section, it lists some of the current major and minor third parties active in the U.S. today.
Unit 5 rebirth of a nation part one 1877 to 1900
The document summarizes Unit 5 of a course on the rebirth of the nation from 1877 to 1900. Section 1 discusses the growth of big business in America led by industrialists like Andrew Carnegie and John D. Rockefeller. Section 2 covers the conflict between labor and capital, influenced by the ideas of Karl Marx. Section 3 examines the origins of American empire, including the Spanish-American War and the nation's expansion into places like Hawaii, Cuba, and the Philippines through military action and diplomacy. Key foreign policies that supported imperialism included Roosevelt's Big Stick policy and Taft's Dollar Diplomacy.
47 community concerns
The document discusses public policy planning and financing. It describes how planning boards and county boards meet to create master plans for infrastructure and both short and long term goals. These plans consider priorities and resources and are financed through property taxes, sales taxes, business licenses, user fees, and bonds.
44 election day
Polling places are usually located in public buildings like schools and town halls. General elections are held the first Tuesday after the first Monday in November and are controlled by local boards of elections. The candidate who receives the most votes (plurality) typically wins elections, while the majority of electoral votes determines the presidential election winner. Citizens can propose ballot initiatives through petitions and vote on referendums to approve or disapprove proposed bills.
Unit 9 a nation among nations 1980 to today
Ronald Reagan was elected president in 1980 on a platform of smaller government, lower taxes, and stronger national defense. His policies realigned the Republican party and American politics, emphasizing supply-side economics and social conservatism. The collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991 left the United States as the world's sole superpower. However, the 9/11 terrorist attacks in 2001 led to prolonged wars in Afghanistan and Iraq. Technological innovations and financial deregulation fueled economic growth in the 1990s-2000s, but risky lending practices contributed to the global financial crisis of 2008.
Unit 3 transformation and expansion
This document covers key events and developments during the period of 1800-1848 in the United States, including advances in transportation and communication that enabled westward expansion. It discusses the development of racial ideologies surrounding slavery in the South. The document also examines the reasons and impacts of westward expansion under the ideology of Manifest Destiny, as well as the struggles faced by Native Americans to maintain their lands and cultures in the face of white settlement and government policies.
Unit 8 cold war and civil unrest 1945 to 1980
This document provides an overview of American history from 1945-1980, covering the Cold War era and civil unrest. It discusses the social anxieties of the 1950s, the civil rights movement and key events like Brown v. Board of Education, the Vietnam War and anti-war protests, the Watergate scandal, and Jimmy Carter's presidency. The document uses essential questions to frame different sections and provide context on major political and social issues during this time period.
Mass media
This document discusses the role of mass media in politics. It describes how media events are often staged for media coverage. It outlines the development of different media like print, broadcast television and radio, and how they have shaped politics. Reporters rely on sources for stories and trial balloons to gauge reactions. News coverage favors soundbites and tends to be superficial. The media influence public opinion on what issues are important and how leaders are evaluated. The media can also restrict what policies government pursues through criticism and by pressuring officials to address problems.
Great Depression
The document summarizes the onset of the Great Depression in the United States beginning with the stock market crash of 1929. It describes the struggling economy of the late 1920s due to falling farm prices and consumer spending. The stock market crash signaled the beginning of the Great Depression, causing widespread bank failures and plummeting GDP. Unemployment skyrocketed to 25% by 1933. President Hoover initially believed the economy would recover on its own but as conditions deteriorated he took more action, though it was too little too late to save the economy or his chances of re-election in 1932.
Introduction wwii
World War II began in 1939 and lasted until 1945. It involved many countries around the world, including Great Britain, France, the Soviet Union, the United States, China, Germany, Italy and Japan. Over 50 million people died in the war. Some of the key causes included the impact of the Great Depression, the Treaty of Versailles which handicapped Germany, and Japan's invasion of China to seek resources. The war resulted in the rise of the United States and Soviet Union as superpowers and weakened Western European influence globally. It also led to the emergence of the Cold War and beginning of the nuclear age.
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This document discusses different perspectives on what history is and why it is important to study. It notes that history involves investigating the past to gain knowledge and understand human complexity. Different groups may have opposing views of the same events in history. Studying history allows us to examine change over time, ask questions about the past, and understand different perspectives. The document emphasizes that when studying history, it is important to consider context, complexity, causation, and how choices in the past can impact the present.
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The document discusses why studying history is important. It provides several perspectives on what history is, including an investigation into the past to acquire knowledge, asking questions about the meaning of the past, and examining different perspectives about the past. The document notes that while history involves investigating and discussing the past, not everyone agrees on interpretations of history. It emphasizes several key principles for studying history, such as considering chronology, geography, multiple perspectives, and change over time. The overall message is that history is a complex subject that involves investigating the past from different angles and interpretations.
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The term resource mobilization refers to all activities undertaken by an organization to secure new and additional financial, human and material resources to advance its mission. Inherent in efforts to mobilize resources is the drive for organizational sustainability.
Resource mobilization refers to all activities involved in securing new and additional resources for your organization. It also involves making better use of, and maximizing, existing resources. Resource mobilization is often referred to as ‘New Business Development’. The figure below shows how New Business Opportunities – which are intended to mobilize resources – form part of an organization’s overall functioning.
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Resource mobilization is critical to any organization for the following reasons:
1. Ensures the continuation of your organization’s service provision to clients
2. Supports organizational sustainability
3. Allows for improvement and scale-up of products and services the organization currently provides
4. Organizations, both in the public and private sector, must be in the business of generating new business to stay in business
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Although sustainability is often identified with having sufficient funds to cover an organization’s activities, it is actually a broader concept. There are three fundamental streams of sustainability: institutional, financial and programmatic. Each is vital to the survival of an organization. Below are the definitions of these three areas of sustainability:
Programmatic sustainability. The organization delivers products and services that respond to clients’ needs and anticipates new areas of need. Its success enables expansion of its client base.
Institutional sustainability. The organization has a strong, yet flexible structure and accountable, transparent governance practices. Its structure and good governance allows it to respond to the shifting priorities of its supporters and to new responsibilities toward its clients, while creating a positive work climate for its staff.
Financial sustainability. The organization draws on various sources of revenue, allowing it to support its ongoing efforts and to undertake new initiatives.
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• Financial Resources.
• Physical re
Why study history
History gives people a sense of identity and understanding of human nature, but it is not completely objective because it is interpreted through the biases of both eyewitnesses and historians. To establish the truth, historians consider factors like the source and motivation of primary accounts, and whether multiple independent sources agree. While perfect objectivity is impossible, recognizing potential biases helps historians compensate and establish the most reliable narrative.
Night 1 day rowland heights usd
This document provides an overview of the organization Facing History and Ourselves, which uses education to promote more thoughtful and informed societies. It was created in 1976 by educators who believe intellectual vigor is important for teaching facts. Facing History provides resources to support educators worldwide in sharing the goal of creating a better society. The document outlines Facing History's case studies, pedagogy, and scope and sequence, which cover topics like identity, difficult moments in history, and human behavior. It also references lessons, workshops, and other materials available on their website and examines concepts like obedience, conformity, and how historical context affects choices.
Why Study History
This document discusses the importance and value of studying history. It argues that history is essential for understanding who we are as a society, where we have been, and where we are going. Studying history helps us become better informed citizens and critical thinkers by learning from the mistakes of the past. The document also notes that history is made up of real people, events, heroes and villains, and that understanding different points of view is important when studying history.
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Ushistoryreview
The document provides an overview of key events and developments in U.S. history from 1800 to 1877, including the Louisiana Purchase, the War of 1812, westward expansion and Manifest Destiny, the Mexican-American War, slavery debates and compromises, the Civil War, and Reconstruction. Key figures discussed include Thomas Jefferson, Andrew Jackson, Frederick Douglass, Harriet Tubman, and events like the Emancipation Proclamation.
Comparing social movments
The Tea Party movement arose in response to growing dissatisfaction with the federal government, large deficits, and the Obama administration. It is a loosely organized conservative movement that is populist in nature and against big government. While currently popular, especially among independents, analysts disagree on whether it represents the beginning of a new conservative era or is a reactionary movement defined by fear and anger that may not endure. The movement could potentially reshape American politics in the coming decade if it develops strong leadership and a clear vision and agenda.
Gilded age politics
The Gilded Age saw the rise of political machines that controlled major cities. Machines offered services to voters in exchange for support and used graft and sometimes election fraud to maintain power. A political boss would oversee ward and precinct captains who worked to deliver votes, while the boss controlled government jobs, licenses, courts and funneled contracts to supporters. Reforms eventually aimed to reduce patronage and base civil service on merit rather than political loyalty.
Immigration
Large numbers of immigrants entered the United States in the 1850s due to civil unrest, massive unemployment, and famine and disease in Europe. Germans and Irish immigrants came to America to escape these conditions, while later immigrants from Southern and Eastern Europe were fleeing religious and ethnic persecution as well as unemployment, famine, and disease.
Class intro (uncoverage)
This presentation discusses how to study history through the eyes of those who lived in the past. The class grading policy focuses on summative and formative assessments, scholarly skills, and practice assignments. The schedule includes background readings followed by workshops examining primary and secondary sources to develop historical context. Students will use technology like Evernote, Mixed Ink and Wikispaces to store research, collaborate on projects, and display final works.
Unit 1 the encounter
The Americas before Columbus had complex cultures and civilizations with no metal technology or large domesticated animals, though they had complex trade networks. The Aztec Empire conquered surrounding peoples and captured warriors to sacrifice. In 1519, the Spanish conquistador Hernan Cortes landed in Mexico with a small force but allied with native groups like the Nahuas, conquering the Aztec capital of Tenochtitlan by 1521, aided by smallpox epidemics. This period saw the Columbian Exchange where crops, animals and diseases were transferred between the Old and New Worlds, changing societies on both sides.
Doing history
This document introduces the historical discipline by outlining the types of questions historians ask, the primary and secondary sources they use, and how to analyze sources. It discusses that historians want to understand what happened, why, how, when, and who was involved. Primary sources include written documents, visual artifacts, and oral histories created during the time under study, while secondary sources are later analyses and interpretations of primary sources. When evaluating sources, historians consider the creator's identity and biases, as well as how close they were to the event. This helps provide context to better understand what a source means and its quality as a source of information about the past.
The transatlantic slave trade
The document discusses the history of slavery and the slave trade in the Americas. It begins by describing the harsh conditions slaves faced aboard crowded slave ships during the Middle Passage, with little food or water. It then addresses how slavery developed as an economic system, with plantations in the Caribbean and Americas relying on African slave labor to address a shortage of workers for the sugar industry. Racism towards those of African descent emerged during this period. European powers established companies to regulate trade and the slave trade grew into a large business, with slaves often obtained through warfare or kidnapping in Western Africa and exchanged for European guns and goods.
What is-history-ppt2347
This document outlines key concepts for understanding history, including who makes history, what is included or excluded, when and where it takes place, and why we study it. It also discusses major themes in U.S. history like immigration, liberty, federalism vs anti-federalism, religion, economics, imperialism, civil rights, and poses important questions about nation-building, violence, interpreting the constitution, and the role of government. The purpose is to provide an overview of essential elements and debates within the study of history.
The encounter
The document discusses the Americas before Columbus, including that there were over 50 million indigenous people with complex cultures and trade networks but no metal technology or large domesticated animals. It then focuses on the Aztec Empire, describing them as skilled warriors who conquered surrounding peoples and captured enemies for sacrifice. It notes that Hernan Cortes conquered the Aztecs by 1521 with the help of native allies and the smallpox epidemic. The document also briefly discusses Moctezuma II, the Aztec ruler held prisoner by the conquistadores, and the Columbian Exchange that resulted from contact between the Old and New Worlds.
52 flow of economic activity
The document discusses why individuals participate in the economic system. It explains that the economic system is circular, with individuals providing labor to businesses and government in exchange for wages, and then using those wages to purchase goods and services from businesses. This continuous cycle of exchanging labor for wages to buy goods repeats throughout one's lifetime as participation in the economic system is what enables individuals to meet their basic needs to live.
51 criminal & juvenile court
The document outlines the key stages and processes in the US criminal justice system, including arrest, preliminary hearings, indictments, arraignments, plea bargaining, trials, verdicts, and sentencing. It also discusses how the system treats juvenile offenders differently, with the goal of juvenile courts being rehabilitation rather than punishment. Juveniles have additional protections and typically receive lighter punishments such as probation, community service, or placement in foster care or reform schools.
50 civil and criminal cases
Lawsuits can involve property disputes, contract issues, divorce, or negligence cases where one person's careless actions caused an accident. Suits of equity ask the court to make a fairness-based decision in areas without clear laws, often through injunctions that order parties to act or refrain from acting. Criminal cases deal with violations of criminal codes and can involve misdemeanors, felonies, or crimes against people and property, with penalties varying based on the seriousness of the crime.
49 legal rights
This document outlines basic legal rights that citizens have under the law, including protections from unlawful imprisonment through writ of habeas corpus, protections against retroactive laws and laws targeting specific individuals, rights to due process and equal protection, protections for those accused of treason, the right to a fair and speedy trial by jury with rights against self-incrimination and to confront witnesses, and protections against double jeopardy and cruel/unusual punishments.
48 sources and types of laws
The document discusses different types of laws:
1) Good laws should be fair, reasonable, understandable and enforceable.
2) Laws have developed from ancient systems like Hammurabi's Code and Roman Codes, to English common law and the American Constitution.
3) There are several categories of law including criminal law, civil law, constitutional law, administrative law, and international law.
46 local governments
County government is the largest level of local government, deriving its authority from state government. Common purposes of county government include providing services like law enforcement, fire services, education, and more through officials like commissioners, managers, and clerks. County government passes local laws and ordinances.
43 election campaigns
Winning an election involves two main parts - the nomination process and campaigning. The nomination process includes caucuses, primaries, and national conventions where party representatives select their candidates. Campaigning is primarily done through advertising in the media, canvassing voters in person, and utilizing endorsements from famous individuals to gain support. Funding can come from both public sources as well as private donations and PACs, with regulations on donation limits.
42 right to vote
To vote in elections, one must be 18 years old, a U.S. citizen, and a resident of their community. While all eligible citizens make up the electorate, the elderly are most likely to vote while the youngest citizens are the least likely. Some people do not vote because they have lost their right to, did not register, recently moved, or feel apathetic about the process. Obstacles to voting include apathy, the registration process, and limited voting times.
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Whyhistory
- 1. The Method of Historical Inquiry Why Do We Study History?
- 2. Recall History is what we choose to remember about the past. Our common experience binds us together. The Hall of Remembrance, USHMM
- 3. Interpretation History involves explaining people and events. Historians read between the lines. History can illustrate ideas. Speculation means guessing about the past.
- 4. Interpretation and Illustration •What is happening in the image? •Which side created the image? Why?
- 5. Application Use the past to understand the present. The past must engage in dialogue with the present. Use personal experiences to make sense of the past. Examine situations in the past.
- 6. Analysis History involves figuring out complicated situations. Break the event down into its parts: Which parts can you identify? Which battle was the turning point of the Civil War? Examine each part. How are the battles related? Try to create a time line of events: Which are causes? effects?
- 8. Synthesis History involves making sense out of a jumble of facts. You can search for patterns. You can speculate: Guessing at reasons for outcomes. You can predict: Could World War II have been avoided? You can make generalizations: broad statements that summarize.
- 9. Synthesis: Creating A New Idea Draw your own conclusions: Dropping the atomic bomb - justified or unjustified? Hiroshima, Japan after the A-bomb
- 10. Evaluation History involves making judgments about people in events. Example: You can examine all sides of the Civil Rights issue. You can debate the pros and cons of integrating the schools. You can describe the strengths and weaknesses of the President's policy.
- 11. Evaluation You can examine the advantages and disadvantages of the strategy of non- violence. You can judge whether a person, policy, or event measured up to a high standard. Example: To what extent did Dr. Martin L. King, Jr. measure up to the standard of the Declaration of Independence, the Constitution, and the Golden Rule?
- 12. Why Study History? “If a nation expects to be ignorant and free, it expects what never was and never will be.” — Thomas Jefferson