This document provides biographical information on several notable Filipino writers and poets such as Lope K. Santos, Salvador P. Lopez, Manuel Estabillo Arguilla, Paz Marquez Benitez, Angela Manalang-Gloria, and Jose Garcia Villa. It summarizes their major works and contributions to Philippine literature, including Santos' role in promoting Tagalog as the national language, Arguilla's famous short story "How My Brother Leon Brought Home a Wife", and Villa's introduction of the "reversed consonance rime scheme" and use of comma poems.

1. Lope K. Santos
 he served as editor on Tagalog
publications written such as Muling
Pagsilang (Rebirth) and Sampaguita,
which he founded.
 was appointed as director of the Surian
ng Wikang Pambansa under MLQ
 In his deathbed, requested that Tagalog
be the national language

2. SALVADOR P. LÓPEZ
 May 27, 1911–October 18, 1993
 born in Currimao, Ilocos Norte
 is an Ilokano writer, journalist, educator,
diplomat, and statesman
 Studied in University of the Philippines
where he obtained a Bachelor of Arts
degree in English in 1931 and a Master
of Arts degree in philosophy, in 1933

3. Notable Events
 In 1940, Lopez' essay "Literature and
Society" won in the Commonwealth
Literary Awards, defending proletarian
literature and slamming Garcia and the
artsakists.
 Lopez was the president of the University
of the Philippines from 1969 to 1975
 Established the Diliman Commune in 1971
fighting against militarization
 Was responsible for influencing student
activists during the FQS

4. Manuel Estabillo Arguilla
 was an Ilokano writer in English, patriot, and
martyr.
 Known for his widely anthologized short story
"How My Brother Leon Brought Home a Wife“
which won first prize in the Commonwealth
Literary Contest in 1940.
 Most of his stories center in Barrio Nagrebcan,
Bauang, La Union where he was born.
 Moved to Manila where he finished BS
Education in 1933 and where he became a
member and later the president of the U.P.
Writer's Club and editor of the university's
Literary Apprentice.

5. Famous Quotes in “How My Brother Leon
Brought Home a Wife”
 She was fragrant like a morning when
papayas are in bloom.
 The sky was wide and deep and very
blue above us: but along the saw-tooth
rim of the Katayaghan hills to the
southwest flamed huge masses of
clouds.

6. Famous Quotes in “How My Brother Leon
Brought Home a Wife”
 Before us the fields swam in a golden
haze through which floated big purple
and red and yellow bubbles when I
looked at the sinking sun. Labang's
white coat, which I had washed and
brushed that morning with coconut husk,
glistened like beaten cotton under the
lamplight and his horns appeared tipped
with fire

7. Famous Quotes in “How My Brother Leon
Brought Home a Wife”
 I looked back and they were sitting side by
side, leaning against the trunks, hands
clasped across knees. Seemingly, but a man's
height above the tops of the steep banks of
the Wait, hung the stars. But in the deep gorge
the shadows had fallen heavily, and even the
white of Labang's coat was merely a dim,
grayish blur. Crickets chirped from their homes
in the cracks in the banks. The thick,
unpleasant smell of dangla bushes and
cooling sun-heated earth mingled with the
clean, sharp scent of arrais roots exposed to
the night air and of the hay inside the cart.

8. Paz Marquez Benitez
 authored the first Filipino modern English-
language short story, Dead Stars
 First to trained in the American education
system which used English as the medium of
instruction.
 she married UP College of Education Dean
Francisco Benítez, with whom she had four
children.
 became a teacher at UP, teaching short-story
writing
 Founded "Woman's Home Journal", the first
women's magazine in the country.

9. Synopsis of Dead Stars
 *The story revolves around Alfredo Salazar, a bachelor
over thirty, and two women: Esperanza, his fiancée of four
years, and a young girl from out-of-town named Julia
Salas. Everyone believes that Alfredo will eventually
marry Esperanza. But although he is ashamed to admit it,
the intensity of his passion for Esperanza has faded and
he is attracted to Julia, whom he meets at a dinner party.
But he is aware that all his loved ones-including Julia-
would disapprove of his failure to honor his understanding
with Esperanza. So he and Esperanza get married and
have a family. Then, eight years later, he goes on a
business trip to the town where Julia, still unmarried,
lives. He goes to visit Julia, whom he has never forgotten.
But he is surprised to find that he no longer feels attracted
to her. He compares the memory of his love for her to
dead stars, whose glow is still visible from the earth for
years after they are gone.

10. Angela Manalang-Gloria
 was among the first generation female
students at the University of the
Philippines.
 initially enrolled in law but eventually
transferred to literature.
 developed a life-long rivalry with Jose
Garcia Villa – both vied for the position
of literary editor of The Philippine
Collegian, which Manalang-Gloria
eventually held for two years

11. Notable Events
 Author of Revolt from Hymen, a poem
protesting against marital rape, which
caused her denial by an all-male jury from
winning the Philippine's Commonwealth
Literary Awards in 1940.
 author of the poetry collection Poems, first
published in 1940 (and revised in 1950).
 On March 11, 1945, her husband
Celedonio and her son Ruben were
attacked by a Japanese patrol in Alitagtag,
Batangas.

12. Jose Garcia Villa
 was a poet, literary critic, short story writer,
and painter.
 was awarded the National Artist of the
Philippines title for literature in 1973, as
well as the Guggenheim Fellowship in
Creative Writing
 introduced the "reversed consonance rime
scheme”
 Used comma poems
 Was a leader of the artsakists

13. Notable Events
 Also wrote as “Doveglion”
 Has a tart poetic style
 published Man Songs, a series of erotic
poems, which the administrators in UP
found too bold

14. Samples of Comma Poems
 Purity. . . before,I,
Stepped,to,the,Door,and,
At,the,Door—
And,as,I,passed,
Out,the,Door. . .
 Line,orbit,locus:
Peril,deed,and,map,of,
Blaze! Peril,
Of,immediate,
Hunter: daze,
 Whirl,of,supreme,
Migrator: pull,of,his,
Gravite,anchor!
Fact,act,of,me,
To,me: Knitter:
Cleaver,of,me,Intact. (93)