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KS3 Biology
8D Ecological
Relationships

8D Ecological Relationships
Contents
Classifying animals and plants
Habitats and adaptations
Summary activities
Feeding types
Food chains and populations

Animal classification

Vertebrate classification

Invertebrate classification

Which type of invertebrate?

Plant classification

Contents
Summary activities
Feeding types

Which habitat?

Organisms need to have special features which help
them to survive in their habitat. These special features
are called adaptations.
For example, you have plenty of adaptations to survive
in your habitat. Your fingers are an excellent
adaptation. Without their ability to grip you would not be
able to do all of that schoolwork!
Some adaptations are obvious while others are not so
obvious.
Can you think of any other adaptations that you have?
Surviving in a habitat

Adaptations activity

Contents
Summary activities
Feeding types

Feeding types
Animals can be grouped in several ways. One way of doing
this is based on how animals feed.
Consumers cannot make
their own food. They must
consume other organisms to
get the food that they need.
Some organisms are producers.
Producers make their own food.
Plants produce their own food using
light energy from the Sun. Some types
of bacteria can also make their own food
by using light or chemical reactions.

Producer or consumer?

Consumers
Consumers can be grouped into different types:
Carnivores
These consumers eat other consumers.
They eat animals.
Herbivores
These consumers eat producers.
This means plants and possibly bacteria.
Omnivores
These consumers eat other consumers
and producers. They eat animals and
plants. Most humans are omnivores.

Contents
Summary activities
Feeding types

The organisms in a food chain are dependent on each other.
Changes in the number of organisms in one part of the food
chain can have dramatic effects on the rest of the food chain.
Rabbit numbers would decrease because they would
have less to eat and may starve or stop reproducing.
Fox numbers would also fall as there would not be as
many rabbits to eat.
Changes in food chain populations
grass rabbit fox
What would happen to the number of rabbits and foxes
if all the grass died out?

1. It has been a very bad year for plankton. Due to the lack of
food their numbers have dropped dramatically.
Use the sliders to show how this will affect the numbers of the
other members of the food chain.
Food chain populations
plankton shrimp tuna dolphin
Shrimp numbers indicator
Tuna numbers indicator
Dolphin numbers indicator

2. Dolphins are often killed by being caught in the driftnets of
fisherman. More dolphins than ever have been killed in this
particular year and so the number of dolphins is very low.

3. Due to a mysterious disease the number of tuna has dropped
dramatically.

4. Large numbers of shrimp larvae did not develop properly and
because of this shrimp numbers have declined.

Contents
Summary activities
Feeding types

Glossary
adaptation – A feature that helps an organism live in a
particular place.
carnivore – An organism that only eats other animals.
consumer – An organism that feeds on plants or animals.
food chain – A sequence that shows feeding relationships
and the transfer of energy between organisms.
herbivore – An organism that only eats plants.
omnivore – An organism that eats both plants and animals.
population – The number of organisms of a species living
in a habitat.
producer – A plant that makes food by photosynthesis.

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Multiple-choice quiz

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