This document covers various topics related to violent crime. It discusses the causes of violence and types of rape such as date rape, marital rape, and statutory rape. It also examines the incidence of rape according to UCR and NCVS data. Additionally, it covers the different degrees of murder, including first-degree, second-degree, and manslaughter. The nature and extent of murder, assault, robbery, and emerging forms of violence like hate crimes and stalking are analyzed. The document also explores serial killers, mass murderers, and spree killers in criminology.

1. Chapter 10 -
Violent Crime
Michelle Palaro
Criminology 81-220-1
Fall 2014

2. Causes of Violence
• Personal Traits
• Ineffective Families
• Human Instinct
• Exposure to Violence
• Substance Abuse
• Firearm Availability
• Cultural Values
• National Values

3. Forcible Rape
• The carnal knowledge of a female
forcibly and against her will
• Not a sexual crime
• Used as a weapon in war

4. Incidence of Rape
• UCR Data
– 85,000 rapes reported each year
• Population density influences rape
• NCVS Data
– 250,000 rapes and sexual assaults per
year

5. Types of Rapes
• Date Rape
• Marital Rape
• Statutory Rape

6. Causes of Rape
• Evolutionary/Biological Factors
• Male Socialization
• Psychological Abnormality
• Social Learning
• Sexual Motivation

7. Rape and the Law
• Proving Rape
• Consent
• Legal Reform

8. Class Discussion/Activity
Read about the Duke rape case on page 266 in your
textbook. Consider the following as you discuss if the rights
of the defendants or the rights of the victims should have
higher priority:
•Have you heard about people who were accused of rape and then
acquitted?
•How did it damage their life (e.g. job, reputation, etc.)?
•Do you think that the Duke students who were accused will be looked
at differently even though the charges against them were dropped?
•What type of evidence would be sufficient in a rape trial to convict the
defendant?
•How realistic are these expectations?

9. Murder and Homicide
• Degrees of Murder
– First-Degree
• Premeditation and Deliberation
– Second-Degree
• Malice aforethought
–Manslaughter
• Voluntary/non-negligent
• Involuntary/negligent
– Deliberate Indifference

10. Nature and Extent of Murder
• Since 1991 the murder rate has been steadily
declining
• Tends to be an urban crime
• Victims and offenders tend to be males
• Over half of murder victims are African-
Americans
• Victims and offenders tend to be under 25 years
old
• Offenders tend to have long criminal careers
• “Born and Alive”

11. Murderous Relations
• Intimate Partner Murder
• Acquaintance Murders
• Stranger Murders
• Sexually-Based Murders
• School Murders

12. Serial Killers, Mass Murderers, and
Spree Killers
• Serial Killer
– A person who kills three or more
persons in three or more separate
events
– Thrill Killers
–Mission Killers
– Expedience Killers

13. Serial Killers, Mass Murderers, and
Spree Killers
• Female Serial Killers
– Female killers tend to be older than their
male counterparts
– Female killers tend to be substance
abusers

14. Serial Killers, Mass Murderers, and
Spree Killers
• Mass Murderers
– Revenge killers
– Love killers
– Profit killers
– Terrorist killers

15. Serial Killers, Mass Murderers, and
Spree Killers
• Spree Killers
–A killer of multiple victims whose
murders occur over a relatively
short span of time and often
follow no discernible pattern

16. Assault and Battery
• Nature and Extent of Assault
• Acquaintance and Family Assault
– Child abuse
• Neglect
• Child sexual abuse
• Causes of child abuse
– Parental abuse
– Spousal abuse
• Dating Violence
– Relational aggression

17. Robbery
• Robbers in Action
– Robbers select targets that are
vulnerable, accessible, and profitable
• Acquaintance Robbery
– Victims are often reluctant to report
– Some are motivated by street justice
– Robbers know patterns and traits of
victims
– Victims are often convenient targets

18. Class Discussion/Activity
• Why are robberies more likely to occur in
the winter months?
• Come up with a plan to rob a bank.
– How would you ensure that you get the
money and escape (e.g. how would determine
which bank to target, etc.)?
– How do police use their knowledge (including
GIS) to catch robbers?

19. Emerging Forms of
Interpersonal Violence
• Hate Crimes
– Roots of hate
• Thrill-seeking
• Reactive
• Mission
• Retaliatory
– Nature and extent of hate crimes
– Controlling hate crimes
– Free speech

20. Emerging Forms of
Interpersonal Violence
• Workplace Violence
– Third leading cause of occupational
death or injury
• Stalking
– Women more likely to be stalked than
men
– 75% of victims know their stalker in
some way
– 30% of stalkers are former intimate
partners of their victims