Art produced in the Byzantine empire (or Eastern Roman Empire)—at its height, a territory that spanned large swaths of the Mediterranean, present-day Turkey, Southern Spain, and Italy—between the 4th and 15th centuries, when it fell to the Ottoman Turks. As the empire's official religion was Orthodox Christianity, Byzantine art was largely devotional, Christian art. Perhaps the best known example of Byzantine art is a tenth-century mosaic of the Virgin Mary in the Hagia Sophia in Istanbul that demonstrates the stylized forms, sharp contours, flat fields of color, and gold mosaic the period is known for.
History of Architecture 2
Report by: Group 2 (Leader: Lorie Lizardo)
DLS-College of St. Benilde
School of Architecture
2nd Term S.Y. 2015-16
January 2016
Module 2- Byzantine Architecture | KTU | Semester 4 | History of Architecture Gary Gilson
Byzantine Architecture:
Centralized church typology: Spatial planning, construction and other features
Greek cross and Latin cross
Knowledge of placing a dome over a regular polygonal plan with preventives
Example- Hagia Sophia, Constantinople.
EH202-HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE III
Byzantine architecture is the architecture of the Byzantine Empire, or Eastern Roman Empire.
The Byzantine era is usually dated from 330 CE, when Constantine the Great moved the Roman capital to Byzantium, which became Constantinople, until the fall of the Byzantine Empire in 1453. However, there was initially no hard line between the Byzantine and Roman empires, and early Byzantine architecture is stylistically and structurally indistinguishable from earlier Roman architecture. This terminology was introduced by modern historians to designate the medieval Roman Empire as it evolved as a distinct artistic and cultural entity centered on the new capital of Constantinople (modern-day Istanbul) rather than the city of Rome and its environs.
Its architecture dramatically influenced the later medieval architecture throughout Europe and the Near East, and became the primary progenitor of the Renaissance and Ottoman architectural traditions that followed its collapse.
Introduction of dome, and classification of dome.
Types of dome mainly used during byzantine architecture. Example of some epic architecture of byzantine period.
1. Cloister Vault
2. Geodesic Dome
3. Onion Dome
4. Oval Dome
5. Saucer Dome.
History of Architecture 2
Report by: Group 1 (Leader: Camille Tecson)
DLS-College of St. Benilde
School of Architecture
2nd Term S.Y. 2015-16
January 2016
Art produced in the Byzantine empire (or Eastern Roman Empire)—at its height, a territory that spanned large swaths of the Mediterranean, present-day Turkey, Southern Spain, and Italy—between the 4th and 15th centuries, when it fell to the Ottoman Turks. As the empire's official religion was Orthodox Christianity, Byzantine art was largely devotional, Christian art. Perhaps the best known example of Byzantine art is a tenth-century mosaic of the Virgin Mary in the Hagia Sophia in Istanbul that demonstrates the stylized forms, sharp contours, flat fields of color, and gold mosaic the period is known for.
History of Architecture 2
Report by: Group 2 (Leader: Lorie Lizardo)
DLS-College of St. Benilde
School of Architecture
2nd Term S.Y. 2015-16
January 2016
Module 2- Byzantine Architecture | KTU | Semester 4 | History of Architecture Gary Gilson
Byzantine Architecture:
Centralized church typology: Spatial planning, construction and other features
Greek cross and Latin cross
Knowledge of placing a dome over a regular polygonal plan with preventives
Example- Hagia Sophia, Constantinople.
EH202-HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE III
Byzantine architecture is the architecture of the Byzantine Empire, or Eastern Roman Empire.
The Byzantine era is usually dated from 330 CE, when Constantine the Great moved the Roman capital to Byzantium, which became Constantinople, until the fall of the Byzantine Empire in 1453. However, there was initially no hard line between the Byzantine and Roman empires, and early Byzantine architecture is stylistically and structurally indistinguishable from earlier Roman architecture. This terminology was introduced by modern historians to designate the medieval Roman Empire as it evolved as a distinct artistic and cultural entity centered on the new capital of Constantinople (modern-day Istanbul) rather than the city of Rome and its environs.
Its architecture dramatically influenced the later medieval architecture throughout Europe and the Near East, and became the primary progenitor of the Renaissance and Ottoman architectural traditions that followed its collapse.
Introduction of dome, and classification of dome.
Types of dome mainly used during byzantine architecture. Example of some epic architecture of byzantine period.
1. Cloister Vault
2. Geodesic Dome
3. Onion Dome
4. Oval Dome
5. Saucer Dome.
History of Architecture 2
Report by: Group 1 (Leader: Camille Tecson)
DLS-College of St. Benilde
School of Architecture
2nd Term S.Y. 2015-16
January 2016
Bytheendofthe5th centuryAD,Romehadcompletelydeclined.Ithad beensackedtwiceandwasthenunderoccupation.
ItsinfluencewassignificantlyreducedandtheImpetusfor architecturalinnovationshiftedtotheByzantineEmpire.
This shift also marks the movement from early Christian civilizationtothe Byzantinecivilization.
UndertheByzantineEmperorJustinian,theByzantinestyleof architectureevolved.
Hisinterestinchurchbuildingledtothediscoveryofthegroinvault. .andtheevolutionof theByzantinestyle.
Introduction to Jewish, Early Christian, & Byzantine Art Paige Prater
A fly-over survey of architecture, church-plans, tombs, frescoes, mosaics, and more, as pertaining to early artwork overlapping between after the Roman Empire and the medieval period. Based on the chapter in the third edition of Stokstad's "Art History."
This tutorial offers a step-by-step guide on how to effectively use Pinterest. It covers the basics such as account creation and navigation, as well as advanced techniques including creating eye-catching pins and optimizing your profile. The tutorial also explores collaboration and networking on the platform. With visual illustrations and clear instructions, this tutorial will equip you with the skills to navigate Pinterest confidently and achieve your goals.
Brushstrokes of Inspiration: Four Major Influences in Victor Gilbert’s Artist...KendraJohnson54
Throughout his career, Victor Gilbert was influenced heavily by various factors, the most notable being his upbringing and the artistic movements of his time. A rich tapestry of inspirations appears in Gilbert’s work, ranging from their own experiences to the art movements of that period.
Hadj Ounis's most notable work is his sculpture titled "Metamorphosis." This piece showcases Ounis's mastery of form and texture, as he seamlessly combines metal and wood to create a dynamic and visually striking composition. The juxtaposition of the two materials creates a sense of tension and harmony, inviting viewers to contemplate the relationship between nature and industry.
This document announces the winners of the 2024 Youth Poster Contest organized by MATFORCE. It lists the grand prize and age category winners for grades K-6, 7-12, and individual age groups from 5 years old to 18 years old.
Boudoir photography, a genre that captures intimate and sensual images of individuals, has experienced significant transformation over the years, particularly in New York City (NYC). Known for its diversity and vibrant arts scene, NYC has been a hub for the evolution of various art forms, including boudoir photography. This article delves into the historical background, cultural significance, technological advancements, and the contemporary landscape of boudoir photography in NYC.
3. ROMAN CATACOMB
3RD – 4TH CENTURIES
THOSE
NICHES
ARE
CALLED?
LOCULI
(“LITTLE
PLACE) –
FOR
CORPSE
4. GOOD SHEPHERD, ORANTS, STORY OF JONAH, CUBICULUM,
CATACOMB OF PIETRO AND MARCELLINO, ROME, EARLY 4TH
CENTURY. FRESCO.
WHAT’S A CUBICULUM?
MORTUARY CHAPEL
5.
6. GOOD SHEPHERD,
CATACOMB OF PIETRO AND
MARCELLINO
WHAT’S MISSING FROM
DEPICTIONS OF JESUS
YOU’RE USED TO SEEING?
HALO, TOGA/ROBES – ANY
INDICATION OF DIVINITY OR
ROYALTY
WHY?
X’IANS PERSECUTED,
UNDERGROUND CULT
7. ARE THERE ANY
CLASSICAL ELEMENTS
HERE?
ALLUSION TO
CONTRAPPOSTO
A LITTLE DRAPING
A LITTLE MODELING –
INTEREST IN ANATOMY
WHAT DOES THE SHEEP
ON HIS SHOULDER
SYMBOLIZE?
SAVED SINNER
8. WHAT PART OF THE FRESCO IS THIS?
STORY OF JONAH
WHY IS THE STORY DEPICTED IN AN X’IAN CATACOMB?
OT PREFIGURATION OF DEATH & REBIRTH OF JESUS
16. A Roman Transition
• Byzantine Empire was born out of the remains of the Roman Empire and continued to
have the same elements of the Roman classical tradition, but in a Christian style
• Byzantine paintings specialized in mosaics, icons and manuscript illumination
• Byzantine art had two traditions – one reflecting the classical past and a more formal
style of art reflecting Christian emphasis on spiritual hierarchy, rather than realism
17. Time Periods
• Early Byzantine 500-726
• Iconoclastic Controversy
726-843
• Middle or High
Byzantine 843-1204
• Late Byzantine 1204-
1453, and beyond
18. Early Byzantine Art
• Justinian and
Empress Theodora
(527-565)
–Drove Ostrogoths
out of Italy
–Tons of money
spent on over 30
building projects
19. Justinian as world conqueror- Ivory 500 ce
1. -Dynamic
Twisting
2. Kings strength
comes from
God
3. Approval of
Justinian’s rule
20. Saint Michael the Archangel – diptych
1. Victory becomes an
Archangel
2. Made in
Constantinople
3. -Subtle relief folds
21. 10/23 Warm-Up
• Do you think the
depiction of religious
subjects always leads
inevitably to an
evolution in worship?
• Defend your answer
with a specific example
from the textbook and
our previous lectures.
• Modern examples?
22. Hagia Sophia 532 Ce Constantinople
(Istanbul) Turkey
Anthemius of Tralles and Isidorus of Miletus
1. Most important church in
Byzantine art
2. Huge Buttresses
3. Centrally and axially
planned
4. Plain and massive little
decoration
5. Altar at the end of the
nave
6. Dome supported by
pendentives
7. Minarets added in Islamic
Period 1450s
23. Anthemius of Tralles & Isidorus of Miletus
Hagia Sophia
Constantinpole, (Istanbul), Turkey
532-537
24. Anthemius of Tralles & Isidorus of Miletus
Hagia Sophia
Constantinpole, (Istanbul), Turkey
532-537
25. Anthemius of Tralles & Isidorus of Miletus
Hagia Sophia
Constantinpole, (Istanbul), Turkey
532-537
26. Anthemius of Tralles & Isidorus of Miletus
Hagia Sophia
Constantinpole, (Istanbul), Turkey
532-537
27. Anthemius of Tralles &
Isidorus of Miletus
Hagia Sophia
Constantinpole, (Istanbul), Turkey
532-537
28. Anthemius of Tralles &
Isidorus of Miletus
Hagia Sophia
Constantinpole, (Istanbul), Turkey
532-537
37. Ravenna – San Vitale (547 CE)
• Theodoric, the Ostrogoth’s greatest king
made Ravenna the new capital of the
Kingdom
• San Vitale ( or Saint Vitalis who was
martyred at Ravenna in the second
century)
• Interior has thin columns and open
arched spaces
– Plain exterior except porch added later in
Renaissance, Clerestory lighting
– Eight Sided church
– Polygonal apse, plain exterior
• Built after Theodoric’s death
42. Choir and apse of San Vitale with mosaic of Christ between two
angels
526-547
• Laws of the
Eastern Church
• Purple robe and
halo
• Christ as
Pantocrator
• Jesus holding
items
44. Justinian and Bishop Maximianus
• -divided into 3
groups,
• the emperor, staff,
imperial guard and
shield
• monogram, no
background
• -Left the clergy and
right the military
• -Dressed in royal
purple and gold
• -Symmetry,
• Holds a paten for
the Eucharist
• -Figures float
• - Gold background
46. Theodora & Attendants
• -Slight
displacement
of absolute
symmetry with
Theodora
• -Richly robed
empress and
ladies at court
-Figures are
flattened and
weightless
•
47. Abraham and the Three
Angels (Philoxeneos), and
the Sacrifice of Isaac
north lunette mosaic, San
Vitale
Ravenna, Italy
ca. 547
mosaic
48. Sacrifice of Abel, Sacrifice
of Melchisedech
north lunette mosaic, San
Vitale
Ravenna, Italy
ca. 547
mosaic
50. Saint
Apollinaris
• Held the body of Sant’
Apollinare -
Martyrdom
• Interior – mosaics only
in the apse
• Clouds Moses and
Isiaiah
• Sheep are disciples
56. Iconoclasm (726- 843 ce)
• Preservation of Icons began
from Mt. Sinai Monastery
• Arabs would rise ( Islamic
Religion) conquered
Byzantium's eastern
provinces and Persia.
• Uneasy times, Byzantine
territory was lost – ends…
Starts the middle age
-Iconoclasts destroyed Icons
57. Iconoclasm (726- 843 ce)
• Emperor Leo – thinks
God is punishing the
Roman Empire for
worshiping icons
• 726ce, banned Icon
paintings
• No new art
• The cross was used,
scrolls, floral, animals
and architectural motifs
58. Middle Byzantine Art ( 843-1204)
• Images return
• Basil I thinks he is a
restorer of the
Roman Empire
• Undoes Iconclasm
59. Hagia Sophia
was restored
• Virgin ( Theotokos )
and Child - Mosaic
– Hagia Sophia 867
• Jesus as Theotokos
• Flatter imagery
• Iconophiles had
triumphed over the
iconoclasts
62. Katholikon and Church of the Theotokos
Hosios Loukas, Greece
Katholikon early 11th century, Church of the Theotokos, 10th century
63. Monastery Churches @ Hosios Loukas, Greece
Left – 1st quarter of the 11th Century and church of The
Theotokos ( 10th)
• -Monastic Church
• Square , cylinder or
drum
• Influence of Islamic
arch.
• Small, high
shouldered
• The dome rests on
pendentives.
Multiple, smaller
domes.
64. Katholikon and Church of the Theotokos
Hosios Loukas, Greece
Katholikon early 11th century, Church of the Theotokos, 10th century
65. Apse of the Katholikon
Hosios Loukas, Greece
11th century
mosaic
66. Dome of the Katholikon
Hosios Loukas, Greece
11th century
fresco
67. Dome of the Katholikon
Hosios Loukas, Greece
11th century
fresco
76. Venice and Byzantium
Int. of St. Mark’s 1063, Venice Italy
• A revival of grand
scale church building
• Venice was an
independent power
• Relics obtained relics
of St. Marks
• William II paid for
mosaics, mosaics
display piety and
power
77. Cruciform Plan
• Christ as Pantokrator
apse image is at the
end of the church
• Opposed to being
located in the central
dome like Hagia
Sophia
78. Pantokrator, Theotokos and Child, angels and saints
apse mosaic 1180-1190ce Monreale, Italy
• Norman King William II
paid for Mosaics
depicting himself in the
mosaic like Justinian
• Piety and Power
• Ruler rules with divine
authority
89. Lamentation – 1164ce Macedonia
Saint Pantaleimon Church – Wall painting
• Joesph of
Armiathea and the
disciple
Nicodemus kneel
at his feet
• Emotional impact
• Blue Sky
90. Virigin and Child ( Vladimir Virgin) 11th to
12th century
• -Flat silhouette, long
nose
• - Virgin Mary looking
out thinking about
Christ’s future
91. Apse Fresco Church of Christ in Chora, Constantinople,
Turkey 1310ce
• Swift smooth
action
• Floats in a
spiritual
atmosphere
• spaceless
92. • Modeled head
• Greco-Roman
heritage
• Bejeweled bible
• Linear folds in
Christ’s drapery
Christ as Savior of Souls – 14th Century.
icon from the church of Saint Clement.
Tempera, linen and silver on wood
95. Transfiguration of Jesus
apse mosaic, Church of the Virgin
Monastery of Saint Catherine
Mount Sinai, Egypt
ca. 565
mosaic
96. Transfiguration of Jesus
apse mosaic, Church of the Virgin
Monastery of Saint Catherine
Mount Sinai, Egypt
ca. 565
mosaic
97. Virgin (Theotokos) and Child
between Saints Theodore and George, icon
6th or early 7th century
encaustic on wood
2 ft. 3 in. x 1 ft. 7 3/8 in.
98.
99. Anicia Juliana
Between Magnanimity
and Prudence
folio 6 of the
Vienna Dioskorides
from Honoratai
near Constantinople (Istanbul)
ca. 512
tempera on parchment
1 ft. 3 in. x 1 ft. 11 in.
