7th Grade Chapter 2 Lesson 7
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The document discusses photosynthesis and respiration in plants. It explains that photosynthesis is the process by which plants produce glucose from carbon dioxide, water, and sunlight using chloroplasts containing chlorophyll. The glucose produced is used by the plant to make proteins, fats, cellulose, and vitamins. Respiration is the opposite process, in which glucose and oxygen are broken down to produce carbon dioxide, water, and energy in the form of ATP for storage.
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Energy flow (1)
Photosynthesis converts light energy from the Sun into chemical energy stored in sugar molecules through a process that occurs in plant leaves. Organisms that perform photosynthesis are called producers. The rate of photosynthesis is influenced by factors like light intensity, carbon dioxide concentration, and temperature.
All organisms require organic molecules like carbohydrates that are obtained through heterotrophs eating other organisms. Heterotrophs are predators, decomposers, or parasites. Aerobic respiration breaks down glucose and other foods to release energy through a series of steps, while anaerobic respiration occurs without oxygen and produces less energy. Energy powers growth, movement, repair, and reproduction in organisms.
Photosynthesis
Photosynthesis occurs in two stages: 1) chlorophyll captures energy from sunlight to power the process, and 2) the plant uses this energy to convert carbon dioxide and water into oxygen and sugars. The sugars are used by the plant for food or stored for later use, while the oxygen enters the atmosphere. Photosynthesis thus benefits both plants themselves as autotrophs and other organisms as heterotrophs.
Module 6, lesson 2 cell respiration
Cellular respiration is the process that releases energy from glucose and other molecules in the presence of oxygen. It occurs in three main stages: glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and the electron transport chain. Glycolysis breaks down glucose into pyruvate, producing a small amount of ATP both with and without oxygen. The Krebs cycle and electron transport chain use oxygen to break down pyruvate completely, producing much more ATP through multiple biochemical reactions in the mitochondria. Overall, cellular respiration breaks down one glucose molecule to produce 36 ATP through these three stages, which cells then use for all their energy needs.
Respiration & photosynthesis
The document discusses energy transformations that occur through photosynthesis and respiration in cells. Photosynthesis takes place in chloroplasts and uses energy from sunlight to convert carbon dioxide and water into oxygen and glucose. Respiration occurs in mitochondria and releases energy by breaking down glucose in the presence of oxygen, producing carbon dioxide and water. Both processes involve the use of ATP and involve energy transformations between light, chemical bonds in molecules, and the movement of electrons.
Module 6, lesson 1 photosynthesis
1) Photosynthesis is the process by which plants, algae, and some bacteria use sunlight, water and carbon dioxide to produce oxygen and energy in the form of ATP and sugars like glucose.
2) It is comprised of two stages - the light reaction which converts solar energy to chemical energy in the form of ATP, and the Calvin cycle which uses ATP to convert carbon dioxide and water into sugars.
3) The process occurs in chloroplasts within plant cells, and relies on chlorophyll to absorb sunlight and drive the creation of ATP and oxygen from water and carbon dioxide.
Photosynthesis
The document discusses photosynthesis and how plants use it to produce energy and food. Photosynthesis has two main processes - the energy reactions that use sunlight to produce ATP and the sugar reactions that use ATP and carbon dioxide from the air to produce sugars. It requires sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water and produces oxygen as a byproduct. The chloroplasts in plant cells are where photosynthesis takes place.
Photosynthesis2
Leaves change colors in Autumn due to a process called photosynthesis. Photosynthesis allows plants to convert sunlight into chemical energy (glucose). As days get shorter and cooler in Autumn, photosynthesis slows and the chlorophyll in leaves breaks down, revealing other pigments like carotenoids that cause the yellow, orange and red hues.
Leaves, Structure and Function
Discussion of the functions of leaves, focusing on Photosynthesis and the process. Also covers transpiration, O2 CO2 transfer, germination. Appropriate for high school level students.
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Energy flow (1)
Photosynthesis converts light energy from the Sun into chemical energy stored in sugar molecules through a process that occurs in plant leaves. Organisms that perform photosynthesis are called producers. The rate of photosynthesis is influenced by factors like light intensity, carbon dioxide concentration, and temperature.
All organisms require organic molecules like carbohydrates that are obtained through heterotrophs eating other organisms. Heterotrophs are predators, decomposers, or parasites. Aerobic respiration breaks down glucose and other foods to release energy through a series of steps, while anaerobic respiration occurs without oxygen and produces less energy. Energy powers growth, movement, repair, and reproduction in organisms.
Photosynthesis
Photosynthesis occurs in two stages: 1) chlorophyll captures energy from sunlight to power the process, and 2) the plant uses this energy to convert carbon dioxide and water into oxygen and sugars. The sugars are used by the plant for food or stored for later use, while the oxygen enters the atmosphere. Photosynthesis thus benefits both plants themselves as autotrophs and other organisms as heterotrophs.
Module 6, lesson 2 cell respiration
Cellular respiration is the process that releases energy from glucose and other molecules in the presence of oxygen. It occurs in three main stages: glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and the electron transport chain. Glycolysis breaks down glucose into pyruvate, producing a small amount of ATP both with and without oxygen. The Krebs cycle and electron transport chain use oxygen to break down pyruvate completely, producing much more ATP through multiple biochemical reactions in the mitochondria. Overall, cellular respiration breaks down one glucose molecule to produce 36 ATP through these three stages, which cells then use for all their energy needs.
Respiration & photosynthesis
The document discusses energy transformations that occur through photosynthesis and respiration in cells. Photosynthesis takes place in chloroplasts and uses energy from sunlight to convert carbon dioxide and water into oxygen and glucose. Respiration occurs in mitochondria and releases energy by breaking down glucose in the presence of oxygen, producing carbon dioxide and water. Both processes involve the use of ATP and involve energy transformations between light, chemical bonds in molecules, and the movement of electrons.
Module 6, lesson 1 photosynthesis
1) Photosynthesis is the process by which plants, algae, and some bacteria use sunlight, water and carbon dioxide to produce oxygen and energy in the form of ATP and sugars like glucose.
2) It is comprised of two stages - the light reaction which converts solar energy to chemical energy in the form of ATP, and the Calvin cycle which uses ATP to convert carbon dioxide and water into sugars.
3) The process occurs in chloroplasts within plant cells, and relies on chlorophyll to absorb sunlight and drive the creation of ATP and oxygen from water and carbon dioxide.
Photosynthesis
The document discusses photosynthesis and how plants use it to produce energy and food. Photosynthesis has two main processes - the energy reactions that use sunlight to produce ATP and the sugar reactions that use ATP and carbon dioxide from the air to produce sugars. It requires sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water and produces oxygen as a byproduct. The chloroplasts in plant cells are where photosynthesis takes place.
Photosynthesis2
Leaves change colors in Autumn due to a process called photosynthesis. Photosynthesis allows plants to convert sunlight into chemical energy (glucose). As days get shorter and cooler in Autumn, photosynthesis slows and the chlorophyll in leaves breaks down, revealing other pigments like carotenoids that cause the yellow, orange and red hues.
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Discussion of the functions of leaves, focusing on Photosynthesis and the process. Also covers transpiration, O2 CO2 transfer, germination. Appropriate for high school level students.
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Plants and some bacteria are autotrophs, meaning they can produce their own food using photosynthesis. During photosynthesis, autotrophs use carbon dioxide, water, and energy from sunlight to produce oxygen and carbohydrates like glucose. These carbohydrates provide energy and nutrients for the autotroph. Animals and other organisms are heterotrophs because they cannot produce their own food and rely on autotrophs or other organisms for nutrients. Heterotrophs obtain nutrients by eating autotrophs and other organisms. Humans and other animals eat food to get nutrients and energy from carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, and minerals which are used to power life processes and allow growth.
Photosynthesis.ppt
Plants use photosynthesis to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen using sunlight as an energy source. Chlorophyll, the green pigment in leaves, absorbs sunlight and powers this process. Glucose provides energy and carbon that plants use to grow, while oxygen is released as a byproduct. All life depends on photosynthesis as the basis of food webs.
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Photosynthesis
Photosynthesis is the process by which plants, algae, and some bacteria use sunlight, water and carbon dioxide to produce oxygen and energy in the form of glucose. It occurs in the chloroplasts of plant cells, where chlorophyll absorbs sunlight and uses it to convert carbon dioxide and water into oxygen and energy-storing molecules like glucose. The overall equation is: carbon dioxide + water + energy (light) → glucose + oxygen. For photosynthesis to take place, a plant needs carbon dioxide from the air, water from the soil, and light energy from the sun. Oxygen is released as a byproduct and sugars are produced and transported throughout the plant.
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1. The document discusses photosynthesis and cellular respiration, the two key processes by which living organisms produce and use energy.
2. Photosynthesis occurs in plants and uses sunlight, carbon dioxide, water and chlorophyll to produce glucose and oxygen. Cellular respiration uses glucose and oxygen to produce energy in the form of ATP.
3. Both processes involve multi-step reactions. Photosynthesis has light-dependent and light-independent reactions, while cellular respiration involves glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and the electron transport chain.
BIOLOGICAL SCIENCE~photosynthesis and cellular respiration
Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are key biological processes. Photosynthesis uses carbon dioxide, water, and sunlight to produce oxygen and glucose. It occurs through light and dark reactions in plant leaves. Cellular respiration breaks down glucose and oxygen to produce carbon dioxide, water, and energy in the form of ATP. It takes place in three stages - glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and the electron transport chain - within mitochondria. Both processes are essential for life: photosynthesis provides energy for plants and respiration provides energy for all living cells.
Photosynthesis and respiration
Photosynthesis uses carbon dioxide, water, and sunlight to produce glucose and oxygen through the process in chloroplasts. Cellular respiration uses glucose and oxygen to produce carbon dioxide, water, and ATP energy through the process in mitochondria. Both processes are contrasted, with photosynthesis producing glucose through chloroplasts in plants, and cellular respiration using that glucose and oxygen to produce energy in the mitochondria of plants and animals.
Photo respiration (1)
Cells require energy to perform essential functions like movement, shape change, repair, and transport. Autotrophs can produce their own food through photosynthesis, which converts sunlight into the chemical energy of sugars. Photosynthesis occurs in plant leaves through chloroplasts and involves three stages: light energy is captured and used to make ATP and NADPH, which are then used to produce carbohydrates from carbon dioxide and water. The process is influenced by factors like light, concentration of materials, and temperature.
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The document discusses energy transformations in living organisms. It explains that glucose is the main source of chemical energy for plants and animals. ATP is the energy currency of cells and is regenerated through cellular respiration. Cellular respiration can occur aerobically, using oxygen to produce more ATP, or anaerobically through fermentation without oxygen. Photosynthesis captures solar energy to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen. Plants have evolved C3, C4, and CAM pathways to photosynthesize that help conserve water in different environments.
Producers
Producers, such as green plants and algae, are organisms that can produce their own food through the process of photosynthesis. Photosynthesis uses carbon dioxide, water, and sunlight to produce oxygen and glucose. It occurs within chloroplasts in the leaves of plants, where the green pigment chlorophyll captures sunlight and converts it into chemical energy that fuels the rest of the food chain. Proper lab safety procedures must be followed when experimenting with plants and their pigments.
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Plants obtain nutrients through photosynthesis, a process where they convert sunlight, water and carbon dioxide into oxygen and energy in the form of glucose. There are two modes of nutrition - autotrophic organisms like plants can produce their own food through photosynthesis, while heterotrophic organisms like animals must obtain food from other sources. Photosynthesis takes place in the leaves of plants, which contain chlorophyll and open pores called stomata that take in carbon dioxide from the air.
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Chloroplasts and mitochondria are organelles that act as cellular power stations. Chloroplasts harness light energy from the sun through photosynthesis to produce sugars and oxygen in plant and algal cells. Mitochondria convert the sugars produced by chloroplasts into ATP through cellular respiration, providing energy for all eukaryotic cells. Both organelles have double membranes and internal structures that allow them to perform these essential energy conversion functions.
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Photosynthesis is the process by which plants, algae, and some bacteria use sunlight, water and carbon dioxide to produce oxygen and energy-rich organic molecules like sugar. It occurs in chloroplasts through two stages: the light-dependent reactions where solar energy is captured to make ATP and NADPH, and the light-independent reactions where carbon dioxide is reduced using ATP and NADPH to form carbohydrates like glucose. Photosynthesis provides a source of energy and organic carbon for nearly all life on Earth.
photosynthesis and respiration
Photosynthesis is the process by which plants capture light energy from the sun to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen. The chloroplasts in leaves contain chlorophyll which absorbs sunlight to drive the photosynthesis reaction. Carbon dioxide enters leaves through stomata and water is absorbed by roots. Oxygen is released as a byproduct through the stomata. Glucose produced is used by the plant for energy and growth or is stored as starch or oils. Respiration uses glucose and oxygen to produce energy for plant functions, releasing carbon dioxide and water.
Photosynthesis 180903102548
Photosynthesis is the process by which plants capture light energy from the sun to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen. The chloroplasts in leaves contain chlorophyll which absorbs sunlight to drive the photosynthesis reaction. The requirements for photosynthesis are carbon dioxide, water, and sunlight. The products are glucose and oxygen. Glucose is used by the plant for energy and growth, while oxygen is released as a byproduct important for other living things.
Photosynthesis ptt
Photosynthesis is a process used by plants and other organisms to convert light energy into chemical energy that, through cellular respiration, can later be released to fuel the organism's activities.
Making sugar 3-1
Plants need water, carbon dioxide, and light in order to produce food through the process of photosynthesis. During photosynthesis, plants take in carbon dioxide and water and use energy from sunlight to produce sugar molecules and oxygen as a byproduct. The sugar molecules produced by plants provide them with chemical energy and are also the food source for animals that eat plants.
273246.ppt
The document discusses photosynthesis and the light-dependent reactions that convert solar energy to chemical energy in the form of ATP and NADPH. It explains that photosystem II uses light energy to excite electrons, which are replaced by splitting water molecules to release electrons, protons, and oxygen gas. The electron transport chain uses the energy from electron flow to build up a proton gradient across the membrane that is used by ATP synthase to generate ATP. Both ATP and NADPH are then used in the Calvin cycle to reduce carbon dioxide and produce sugars.
Photosynthesis Lab Hypothesis
The student tested how light intensity affects the rate of photosynthesis. Spinach and an Arizona plant were placed under different light sources, and the time taken for the plants to float was measured, indicating oxygen production through photosynthesis. It was hypothesized that spinach under a photosynthesis light would float faster. The results showed that increased light intensity increased the rate of photosynthesis, as seen by more bubbles produced by pondweed per minute under brighter lamp light.
Plant physiology
Nutrients provide organisms with materials to build their bodies, grow, repair damage, and provide energy. Photosynthesis uses light energy from the sun to convert carbon dioxide and water into oxygen and carbohydrates like glucose, providing a key source of food for plants and energy for life. There are two phases - the light reaction uses solar energy to produce ATP and NADPH while splitting water, and the dark reaction uses these products to reduce carbon dioxide into carbohydrates through the Calvin cycle.
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Nutrition in plants (class vii)
Plants and some bacteria are autotrophs, meaning they can produce their own food using photosynthesis. During photosynthesis, autotrophs use carbon dioxide, water, and energy from sunlight to produce oxygen and carbohydrates like glucose. These carbohydrates provide energy and nutrients for the autotroph. Animals and other organisms are heterotrophs because they cannot produce their own food and rely on autotrophs or other organisms for nutrients. Heterotrophs obtain nutrients by eating autotrophs and other organisms. Humans and other animals eat food to get nutrients and energy from carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, and minerals which are used to power life processes and allow growth.
Photosynthesis.ppt
Plants use photosynthesis to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen using sunlight as an energy source. Chlorophyll, the green pigment in leaves, absorbs sunlight and powers this process. Glucose provides energy and carbon that plants use to grow, while oxygen is released as a byproduct. All life depends on photosynthesis as the basis of food webs.
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This document summarizes key concepts about ecosystems and photosynthesis. It discusses how organisms depend on each other in an ecosystem, with plants playing a key role as producers. It then focuses on how plants produce food through the process of photosynthesis. Photosynthesis requires chlorophyll, light, carbon dioxide, water, and nutrients. It occurs in two stages - the light-dependent reaction in the thylakoid membrane that converts light to chemical energy, and the light-independent Calvin cycle that fixes carbon dioxide into sugars. Stomata on plant leaves allow for gas exchange of carbon dioxide intake and oxygen release to power photosynthesis, while also enabling water loss through transpiration.
Photosynthesis
Photosynthesis is the process by which plants, algae, and some bacteria use sunlight, water and carbon dioxide to produce oxygen and energy in the form of glucose. It occurs in the chloroplasts of plant cells, where chlorophyll absorbs sunlight and uses it to convert carbon dioxide and water into oxygen and energy-storing molecules like glucose. The overall equation is: carbon dioxide + water + energy (light) → glucose + oxygen. For photosynthesis to take place, a plant needs carbon dioxide from the air, water from the soil, and light energy from the sun. Oxygen is released as a byproduct and sugars are produced and transported throughout the plant.
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1. The document discusses photosynthesis and cellular respiration, the two key processes by which living organisms produce and use energy.
2. Photosynthesis occurs in plants and uses sunlight, carbon dioxide, water and chlorophyll to produce glucose and oxygen. Cellular respiration uses glucose and oxygen to produce energy in the form of ATP.
3. Both processes involve multi-step reactions. Photosynthesis has light-dependent and light-independent reactions, while cellular respiration involves glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and the electron transport chain.
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Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are key biological processes. Photosynthesis uses carbon dioxide, water, and sunlight to produce oxygen and glucose. It occurs through light and dark reactions in plant leaves. Cellular respiration breaks down glucose and oxygen to produce carbon dioxide, water, and energy in the form of ATP. It takes place in three stages - glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and the electron transport chain - within mitochondria. Both processes are essential for life: photosynthesis provides energy for plants and respiration provides energy for all living cells.
Photosynthesis and respiration
Photosynthesis uses carbon dioxide, water, and sunlight to produce glucose and oxygen through the process in chloroplasts. Cellular respiration uses glucose and oxygen to produce carbon dioxide, water, and ATP energy through the process in mitochondria. Both processes are contrasted, with photosynthesis producing glucose through chloroplasts in plants, and cellular respiration using that glucose and oxygen to produce energy in the mitochondria of plants and animals.
Photo respiration (1)
Cells require energy to perform essential functions like movement, shape change, repair, and transport. Autotrophs can produce their own food through photosynthesis, which converts sunlight into the chemical energy of sugars. Photosynthesis occurs in plant leaves through chloroplasts and involves three stages: light energy is captured and used to make ATP and NADPH, which are then used to produce carbohydrates from carbon dioxide and water. The process is influenced by factors like light, concentration of materials, and temperature.
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The document discusses energy transformations in living organisms. It explains that glucose is the main source of chemical energy for plants and animals. ATP is the energy currency of cells and is regenerated through cellular respiration. Cellular respiration can occur aerobically, using oxygen to produce more ATP, or anaerobically through fermentation without oxygen. Photosynthesis captures solar energy to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen. Plants have evolved C3, C4, and CAM pathways to photosynthesize that help conserve water in different environments.
Producers
Producers, such as green plants and algae, are organisms that can produce their own food through the process of photosynthesis. Photosynthesis uses carbon dioxide, water, and sunlight to produce oxygen and glucose. It occurs within chloroplasts in the leaves of plants, where the green pigment chlorophyll captures sunlight and converts it into chemical energy that fuels the rest of the food chain. Proper lab safety procedures must be followed when experimenting with plants and their pigments.
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Plants obtain nutrients through photosynthesis, a process where they convert sunlight, water and carbon dioxide into oxygen and energy in the form of glucose. There are two modes of nutrition - autotrophic organisms like plants can produce their own food through photosynthesis, while heterotrophic organisms like animals must obtain food from other sources. Photosynthesis takes place in the leaves of plants, which contain chlorophyll and open pores called stomata that take in carbon dioxide from the air.
Chloroplast and mitochondria
Chloroplasts and mitochondria are organelles that act as cellular power stations. Chloroplasts harness light energy from the sun through photosynthesis to produce sugars and oxygen in plant and algal cells. Mitochondria convert the sugars produced by chloroplasts into ATP through cellular respiration, providing energy for all eukaryotic cells. Both organelles have double membranes and internal structures that allow them to perform these essential energy conversion functions.
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Photosynthesis is the process by which plants, algae, and some bacteria use sunlight, water and carbon dioxide to produce oxygen and energy-rich organic molecules like sugar. It occurs in chloroplasts through two stages: the light-dependent reactions where solar energy is captured to make ATP and NADPH, and the light-independent reactions where carbon dioxide is reduced using ATP and NADPH to form carbohydrates like glucose. Photosynthesis provides a source of energy and organic carbon for nearly all life on Earth.
photosynthesis and respiration
Photosynthesis is the process by which plants capture light energy from the sun to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen. The chloroplasts in leaves contain chlorophyll which absorbs sunlight to drive the photosynthesis reaction. Carbon dioxide enters leaves through stomata and water is absorbed by roots. Oxygen is released as a byproduct through the stomata. Glucose produced is used by the plant for energy and growth or is stored as starch or oils. Respiration uses glucose and oxygen to produce energy for plant functions, releasing carbon dioxide and water.
Photosynthesis 180903102548
Photosynthesis is the process by which plants capture light energy from the sun to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen. The chloroplasts in leaves contain chlorophyll which absorbs sunlight to drive the photosynthesis reaction. The requirements for photosynthesis are carbon dioxide, water, and sunlight. The products are glucose and oxygen. Glucose is used by the plant for energy and growth, while oxygen is released as a byproduct important for other living things.
Photosynthesis ptt
Photosynthesis is a process used by plants and other organisms to convert light energy into chemical energy that, through cellular respiration, can later be released to fuel the organism's activities.
Making sugar 3-1
Plants need water, carbon dioxide, and light in order to produce food through the process of photosynthesis. During photosynthesis, plants take in carbon dioxide and water and use energy from sunlight to produce sugar molecules and oxygen as a byproduct. The sugar molecules produced by plants provide them with chemical energy and are also the food source for animals that eat plants.
273246.ppt
The document discusses photosynthesis and the light-dependent reactions that convert solar energy to chemical energy in the form of ATP and NADPH. It explains that photosystem II uses light energy to excite electrons, which are replaced by splitting water molecules to release electrons, protons, and oxygen gas. The electron transport chain uses the energy from electron flow to build up a proton gradient across the membrane that is used by ATP synthase to generate ATP. Both ATP and NADPH are then used in the Calvin cycle to reduce carbon dioxide and produce sugars.
Photosynthesis Lab Hypothesis
The student tested how light intensity affects the rate of photosynthesis. Spinach and an Arizona plant were placed under different light sources, and the time taken for the plants to float was measured, indicating oxygen production through photosynthesis. It was hypothesized that spinach under a photosynthesis light would float faster. The results showed that increased light intensity increased the rate of photosynthesis, as seen by more bubbles produced by pondweed per minute under brighter lamp light.
Plant physiology
Nutrients provide organisms with materials to build their bodies, grow, repair damage, and provide energy. Photosynthesis uses light energy from the sun to convert carbon dioxide and water into oxygen and carbohydrates like glucose, providing a key source of food for plants and energy for life. There are two phases - the light reaction uses solar energy to produce ATP and NADPH while splitting water, and the dark reaction uses these products to reduce carbon dioxide into carbohydrates through the Calvin cycle.
Similar to 7th Grade Chapter 2 Lesson 7 (20)
Chapter 6 life processes 1 (introduction, nutrition and digestion)
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Organic chemistry is the study of carbon-containing compounds, especially those found in living things. Carbon is uniquely suited to form many different compounds due to its ability to form multiple bonds, including single, double, and triple bonds. Hydrocarbons are organic compounds made of carbon and hydrogen, and can be classified based on their bonding as alkanes, alkenes, or alkynes. Substituted hydrocarbons have one or more hydrogen atoms replaced by other functional groups such as alcohols, carboxylic acids, or esters.
8th Grade Chapter 5 Lesson 4
The document discusses the three states of matter - solid, liquid, and gas - and the changes between them due to heat. It explains phase changes like melting, freezing, evaporation, boiling, and condensation. Melting and freezing occur at specific temperatures called melting and freezing points. Evaporation turns liquid to gas, while condensation turns gas back to liquid. Boiling is evaporation from within the liquid. Pressure affects boiling point by controlling evaporation. Refrigeration uses evaporation and condensation of gases to transfer heat.
7th Grade Chapter 5 Lesson 5
The document discusses the water cycle and the transportation of water around the world. It explains that water makes up 60-70% of the human body and is essential for life. It also describes how water moves from the sky to the ground, collecting in rivers, lakes, and underground sources, before evaporating again into the atmosphere to repeat the cycle. Fresh water sources include glaciers, groundwater aquifers, and surface water features like lakes and rivers.
7th Grade Chapter 5 Lesson 4
Wind is caused by differences in air temperature across the Earth's surface. Heat from the sun is absorbed differently by various surfaces, with darker surfaces absorbing more. This causes uneven heating of land and water. There are three key differences in how land and water heat up: 1) Water is transparent while land is solid, 2) Land is solid while water can flow and circulate, 3) Water has a higher heat capacity than land and absorbs heat more slowly. These differences impact wind patterns and weather.
8th Grade Chapter 5 Lesson 3
The document summarizes the first and second laws of thermodynamics. The first law states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, and heat can be converted to work and vice versa. The second law states that heat flows spontaneously from hot to cold bodies, and entropy, or disorder, increases over time as energy is dissipated.
8th Grade Chapter 5 Lesson 2
Heat can be transferred between objects in three ways: conduction, convection, and radiation. Conduction involves direct contact between objects, convection involves the transfer of heat by a fluid like air or water, and radiation transfers heat through electromagnetic waves without a medium. Materials expand when heated as the molecules move farther apart, requiring expansion joints in bridges to allow for expansion and contraction with changes in temperature. Thermostats also use bimetallic strips that expand at different rates to sense temperature changes and regulate heating and cooling systems.
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