This document summarizes a patent for an improved bearing design with cylindrical bearing elements. The key points are:
1) The bearing has an inner metal sleeve that forms the inner bearing race. This sleeve has distinct portions, with at least one portion forming the inner race and another portion directly attached to the support.
2) The sleeve portions can be formed from cold-worked sheet metal or a cold-drawn steel tube. The inner race portion may have a larger bore than the attachment portions.
3) The hardness of the inner race portion is greater than the attachment portions to reduce deformation under load. Additional details of the sleeve design are provided in the document.
Design and Analysis of Connecting Rod of Diesel Engineijtsrd
The main objective of this study is to review the weight optimization and cost reduction of a connecting rod in a Diesel engine. To get the idea about designing the connecting rod, various stresses to be considered while designing the connecting rod .This has entailed performing a detailed load analysis. The most important factors that are concentrated are stress distribution and deflections. In this project the connecting rod is designed with respect to all the available constraints using advanced cad software CATIA. Later the product file is converted to .stp file format standard exchange of product file and imported to ANSYS workbench to find deformation and analytic valve with respect to the model or product definitions. A. Vijay Kumar | K. Mihir | M. Mrudul | P. Pavan Kumar ""Design and Analysis of Connecting Rod of Diesel Engine"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-3 , April 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd23182.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/23182/design-and-analysis-of-connecting-rod-of-diesel-engine/a-vijay-kumar
In this illustrated guide, you’ll get the details to build a 632 Mountain Motor: 1,115 hp on 114-octane race gas on the dyno, fed through a single 1,150-cfm Holley Pro Dominator mounted on a profiler tunnel ram intake. Also included in the guide is a parts list and additional engine building product recommendations.
Regarding telecom towers, the tower legs in general supported by slender or at least narrow columns. The anchors' capacity thus in most of the cases are not sufficient providing only by the brake-out cone area. Axial and horizontals forces have to be transferred to the "surrounding" steel reinforcements.
A possible approach is found below in details.
Design and Analysis of Connecting Rod of Diesel Engineijtsrd
The main objective of this study is to review the weight optimization and cost reduction of a connecting rod in a Diesel engine. To get the idea about designing the connecting rod, various stresses to be considered while designing the connecting rod .This has entailed performing a detailed load analysis. The most important factors that are concentrated are stress distribution and deflections. In this project the connecting rod is designed with respect to all the available constraints using advanced cad software CATIA. Later the product file is converted to .stp file format standard exchange of product file and imported to ANSYS workbench to find deformation and analytic valve with respect to the model or product definitions. A. Vijay Kumar | K. Mihir | M. Mrudul | P. Pavan Kumar ""Design and Analysis of Connecting Rod of Diesel Engine"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-3 , April 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd23182.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/23182/design-and-analysis-of-connecting-rod-of-diesel-engine/a-vijay-kumar
In this illustrated guide, you’ll get the details to build a 632 Mountain Motor: 1,115 hp on 114-octane race gas on the dyno, fed through a single 1,150-cfm Holley Pro Dominator mounted on a profiler tunnel ram intake. Also included in the guide is a parts list and additional engine building product recommendations.
Regarding telecom towers, the tower legs in general supported by slender or at least narrow columns. The anchors' capacity thus in most of the cases are not sufficient providing only by the brake-out cone area. Axial and horizontals forces have to be transferred to the "surrounding" steel reinforcements.
A possible approach is found below in details.
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Responsibilities of the office bearers while registering multi-state cooperat...Finlaw Consultancy Pvt Ltd
Introduction-
The process of register multi-state cooperative society in India is governed by the Multi-State Co-operative Societies Act, 2002. This process requires the office bearers to undertake several crucial responsibilities to ensure compliance with legal and regulatory frameworks. The key office bearers typically include the President, Secretary, and Treasurer, along with other elected members of the managing committee. Their responsibilities encompass administrative, legal, and financial duties essential for the successful registration and operation of the society.
Car Accident Injury Do I Have a Case....Knowyourright
Every year, thousands of Minnesotans are injured in car accidents. These injuries can be severe – even life-changing. Under Minnesota law, you can pursue compensation through a personal injury lawsuit.
In 2020, the Ministry of Home Affairs established a committee led by Prof. (Dr.) Ranbir Singh, former Vice Chancellor of National Law University (NLU), Delhi. This committee was tasked with reviewing the three codes of criminal law. The primary objective of the committee was to propose comprehensive reforms to the country’s criminal laws in a manner that is both principled and effective.
The committee’s focus was on ensuring the safety and security of individuals, communities, and the nation as a whole. Throughout its deliberations, the committee aimed to uphold constitutional values such as justice, dignity, and the intrinsic value of each individual. Their goal was to recommend amendments to the criminal laws that align with these values and priorities.
Subsequently, in February, the committee successfully submitted its recommendations regarding amendments to the criminal law. These recommendations are intended to serve as a foundation for enhancing the current legal framework, promoting safety and security, and upholding the constitutional principles of justice, dignity, and the inherent worth of every individual.
WINDING UP of COMPANY, Modes of DissolutionKHURRAMWALI
Winding up, also known as liquidation, refers to the legal and financial process of dissolving a company. It involves ceasing operations, selling assets, settling debts, and ultimately removing the company from the official business registry.
Here's a breakdown of the key aspects of winding up:
Reasons for Winding Up:
Insolvency: This is the most common reason, where the company cannot pay its debts. Creditors may initiate a compulsory winding up to recover their dues.
Voluntary Closure: The owners may decide to close the company due to reasons like reaching business goals, facing losses, or merging with another company.
Deadlock: If shareholders or directors cannot agree on how to run the company, a court may order a winding up.
Types of Winding Up:
Voluntary Winding Up: This is initiated by the company's shareholders through a resolution passed by a majority vote. There are two main types:
Members' Voluntary Winding Up: The company is solvent (has enough assets to pay off its debts) and shareholders will receive any remaining assets after debts are settled.
Creditors' Voluntary Winding Up: The company is insolvent and creditors will be prioritized in receiving payment from the sale of assets.
Compulsory Winding Up: This is initiated by a court order, typically at the request of creditors, government agencies, or even by the company itself if it's insolvent.
Process of Winding Up:
Appointment of Liquidator: A qualified professional is appointed to oversee the winding-up process. They are responsible for selling assets, paying off debts, and distributing any remaining funds.
Cease Trading: The company stops its regular business operations.
Notification of Creditors: Creditors are informed about the winding up and invited to submit their claims.
Sale of Assets: The company's assets are sold to generate cash to pay off creditors.
Payment of Debts: Creditors are paid according to a set order of priority, with secured creditors receiving payment before unsecured creditors.
Distribution to Shareholders: If there are any remaining funds after all debts are settled, they are distributed to shareholders according to their ownership stake.
Dissolution: Once all claims are settled and distributions made, the company is officially dissolved and removed from the business register.
Impact of Winding Up:
Employees: Employees will likely lose their jobs during the winding-up process.
Creditors: Creditors may not recover their debts in full, especially if the company is insolvent.
Shareholders: Shareholders may not receive any payout if the company's debts exceed its assets.
Winding up is a complex legal and financial process that can have significant consequences for all parties involved. It's important to seek professional legal and financial advice when considering winding up a company.
Military Commissions details LtCol Thomas Jasper as Detailed Defense CounselThomas (Tom) Jasper
Military Commissions Trial Judiciary, Guantanamo Bay, Cuba. Notice of the Chief Defense Counsel's detailing of LtCol Thomas F. Jasper, Jr. USMC, as Detailed Defense Counsel for Abd Al Hadi Al-Iraqi on 6 August 2014 in the case of United States v. Hadi al Iraqi (10026)
ADR in criminal proceeding in Bangladesh with global perspective.
780056
1. * GB780056 (A)
Description: GB780056 (A) ? 1957-07-31
Improvements in or relating to bearings having cylindrical bearing elements
Description of GB780056 (A)
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CH335262 (A) DE1141141 (B) US2928702 (A)
CH335262 (A) DE1141141 (B) US2928702 (A) less
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The EPO does not accept any responsibility for the accuracy of data
and information originating from other authorities than the EPO; in
particular, the EPO does not guarantee that they are complete,
up-to-date or fit for specific purposes.
PATENT SPECIFICATION
780,056 Date of Application and filing Complete Specification Nov. 3,
1955.
No. 31414/55.
Application made in France on Nov. 5, 1954.
Complete Specification Published July 31, 1957.
Index at acceptance:-Class 12(1), A5C2.
In ternutional Classification -lFO6c.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION
Improvements in or relating to Bearings having Cylindrical Bearing
Elements We, ALFRED PITNER, a French Citizen, and SOCIETE ANONYME DES
ROULEMENTS A AIGUILLES, a French company, both of 133137, Boulevard
National, Rueil-Malmaison, (Seine et Oise), France, do hereby declare
the invention, for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us,
and the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly
2. described in and by the following statement:-
The present invention concerns bearings having cylindrical bearing
elements.
In bearings having cylindrical bearing elements in general and, in
particular, in roller bearings comprising moving cylindrically shaped
elements the diameter of which is small in relation to their length
and more especially needle bearing elements, the loading capacities
are such that, in cases where the bearing support, i.e. the shaft or
axle on which the bearing is to be used, does not have the qualities
required for its operation, such qualities as necessary hardness or
finish, an inner ring of solid steel and provided with the inner
bearing race must be mounted on this support.
In order to comply with the requirements of present day technique, it
is preferable that a bearing of this nature should have a radial size
as small as possible and, consequently, this inner ring should itself
be reduced to a minimum thickness.
The present invention concerns the construction of bearings having an
inner ring of less thickness than that of the rings constructed until
to-day.
According to the present invention there is provided a bearing
including cylindrical bearing elements, their diameters being small in
relation to their length, for example needle bearing elements, the
inner bearing race being constituted by a metal sleeve mounted on a
support, in which the sleeve is in one piece and has distinct portions
or zones, one, at least, of which is circular and forms the inner
bearing race whilst another, at least, is attached directly by force
mounting on the support.
In such a bearing at least one portion of the fPtic? 3s. 6d.] sleeve
forming the bearing race may have a bore of diameter greater than that
of the smallest internal diameter of the mounting portions of the
sleeve. 50 The sleeve forming the inner bearing race and the mounting
portion or portions may be formed by:(a) cold worked sheet metal, or
(b) the cutting to size of a cold drawn steel 55 tube, subsequently
shaped to various diameters to form the different axial zones or
portions.
The bearing may also comprise at least one of the following features:
(a) The hardness of any portion or zone of 60 the sleeve forming an
inner bearing race is greater than that of the mounting portion or
portions of the sleeve; this greater hardness of any part of the
sleeve used as the inner bearing race may be obtained by any known 65
hardening process.
(b) The sleeve may have a zone of lesser hardness interposed between a
zone or portion having a great hardness and forming the inner bearing
race and the mounting portion of the 70 sleeve.
3. (c) At least the greater internal diameter portion of the sleeve used
as the bearing race may be formed by a local tempering process
producing its diametrical extension. 75 (d) Any portion of the sleeve
forming the bearing race and the portion or portions of the sleeve
used for mounting purposes may be substantially equal in thickness.
(e) A zone of less thickness may be provided 80 between any portion of
the sleeve forming an inner bearing race and the portion of the sleeve
used for mounting purposes.
(f) The thickness of the wall of the inner bearing race may be smaller
than the diameter 85 of the needles.
(g) An outer bearing race, co-operating with the inner bearing race,
may be of steel and may have a thickness substantially equal to that
of the inner race. 90 (h) The sleeve may comprise at least two
mounting portions one disposed on either side _1. i 2 780,056 of the
portion forming the inner bearing race.
(i) A bearing race portion of the sleeve may be so located on one side
of a mounting portion that it overhangs relative to this latter.
(j) The sleeve may comprise a plurality of portions forming inner
bearing races, each being interposed with attachment portions.
(k) At least one attachment portion of the sleeve may have:(a) a
continuous peripheral surface.
(/3) a discontinuous peripheral surface.
(1) At least one portion of the sleeve forming the inner bearing race
may have, before the mounting of the sleeve to its support, a 1S bore
of greater diameter than that of at least one mounting portion of the
sleeve and, after mounting on the support by force fitting of this
latter portion, the annular space, existing between the portion of the
sleeve forming the inner bearing race and the sleeve support being
subsequently filled with a medium, for example a plastic material to
reduce the deformation of the sleeve under load.
(m) At least one portion of the sleeve formi5 ing the inner bearing
race may have, before the mounting of the sleeve to its support, a
bore of slightly greater diameter than that of the attachment portion
of the sleeve and, the difference between the two diameters being such
that, once mounted on the support, the bearing race portion of the
sleeve contacts the support under a pressure which is less than that
of the mounting portion of the sleeve.
(n) The inner bearing race portion of the sleeve may be convex
outwardly towards the cylindrical bearing elements.
(o) In a bearing as defined under (n) the portions of the bearing race
adjacent to its central portion and which have inner and outer
diameters less than those of this central porrion may be closed or
tightened on to the sleeve support.
(p) At least one mounting portion of the sleeve may have various bore
4. diameters of which, for example, one part only is smaller than the
bore of the portion of the sleeve forming the inner bearing race.
Finally, the invention includes any mechanical device comprising the
type of bearing defined above.
The invention will be described further by way of example with
reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:Fig. 1 is a
longitudinal section of a bearing sleeve constructed in accordance
with the invention; Fig. 2 is the sleeve shown in Fig. 1 mounted on a
support; Fig. 3 is a longitudinal section of modified type of bearing-
sleeve; Fig. 4 is a longitudinal section of a sleeve, having an
overhanging bearing race; Fig. 5 is a longitudinal section of a
sleeve, being a variation of those shown in Figs. 1 to 3; Fig. 6 is a
longitudinal section of a further type of sleeve; Fig. 7 is a
transverse section taken on the line VII-VII of Fig. 6; Fig. 8 is a
transyerse section taken on the 70 line VIII-VIII of Fig. 6; Fig. 9 is
a longitudinal section of a complete bearing; Fig. 10 is a
longitudinal section of a bearing the inner bearing race of which is
convex 75 towards the needles; and Fig. 11 is a longitudinal section
of a sleeve having two bearing races; In the figures like reference
numerals denote like parts. So In Fig. 1, an inner bearing race 1
comprises a sleeve formed, for example, by cold working ef sheet
steel, by the cutting to size of a cold drawn steel tube, or by any
other method, the tubular part thus obtained subsequently being 85
shaped to various diameters.
A centre portion 2 of the sleeve 1, which carries a bearing race, has
a bore d' of greater diameter than bores d2 of adjacent outer portions
3, 3, of the sleeve 1, which portions 3, 3, 90 are provided for
mounting purposes, and retain the sleeve by direct contact with its
support; in this instance the sleeve is a force fit on a shaft a (Fig.
2). The hardness of the outer surface of the centre portion 2 of the
95 sleeve used as the inner bearing race is greater than that of the
adjacent portions 3, 3. The diameter of shaft a (Fig. 2) is greater
than the diameter d2 of the bores of the portions 3,3 by an amount
sufficient to ensure effective secur- ii) ing of the sleeve on the
shaft. The sleeve 1 has a substantially uniform thickness both in its
central portion 2, forming the inner bearing race, and in its outer
attaching portions 3, 3. 10 It is possible to regulate the hardness
and malleability of the various portions of the sleeve in such manner
that, when the sleeve is fitted on to its support, the portion 2
carrying the bearing race does not expand or only 11 expands to a
slight extent, the amount of this expansion being substantially less
than that of the attaching portions 3, 3.
It is also possible to impart values to the hardening of the portion 2
forming the inner 11 bearing race and to the lesser hardening of the
5. mounting portions 3, 3 which do not permit or render inappreciable,
the deformation of the portion 2 relative to the mounting portions 3,
3. 12 In Fig. 3, the central portion 2, forming the inner bearing
race, is of greater hardness and is separated from the outer portion
3, 3 by zones, indicated by broken lines 4, 4, of lesser hardness; the
outer portions 3, 3 have a hard- 1i ness suitable for their use in
ensuring the hold of the sleeve on its support.
The portion 2 forming the inner bearing race may, if required, be
arranged at one side of the mounting portion 3 as shown in Fig. 4. 1.
In Figs. 1 to 4 the thickness of the sleeve is substantially uniform
both in its central portion 2, forming the inner bearing race, and in
its outer mounting portions 3, 3. In Fig. 5, however, the central
portion 2 is separated by zones 5, 5 of reduced thickness from its
adjacent mounting portions 3, 3. This formation of the sleeve assists
in preventing deformation of the central portion 2, forming the inner
bearing race, during force mounting of the portions 3, 3, on the
support.
In Fig. 6, the sleeve 1 has a central portion 2 of internal diameter
d', forming an inner bearing race, located between two outer portions
3, 3 of lesser internal diameters d2. In Fig. 7, the cross-section on
the line VMI-VII of Fig. 6 shows a corrugated mounting portion 3, the
smallest internal diameter d' of which is less than the internal
diameter d' of the central portion 2. In Fig. 8, the cross-section on
the line VIII-VIII of Fig. 6 shows a mounting portion 3 having a
discontinuous surface of internal diameter d' which is less than the
internal diameter d' of the central portion 2. This discontinuity may,
for example, be formed by longitudinal slots 6 made for the purpose of
increasing the elasticity of the attaching portion 3.
A longitudinal cross-section of a complete bearing is shown in Fig. 9.
Needles 7, 7, have a diameter o visibly greater than the thicknesv eJ
of the central portion 2 of the sleeve 1 forming the inner bearing
race; an outer bearing race 8, of shaped sheet metal, has a thickness
e' which is substantially the same thickness as that of the inner ring
1.
In the embodiment shown in Fig. 10, the central portion 2, forming the
inner bearing race of the sleeve 1, is convex towards the needles 7,
7.
In the embodiment shown in Fig. 11, the sleeve 1 has two central
portions forming two bearing races 2, 2 separated from each other by a
zone 3 of smaller internal diameter, being 4s similar to the internal
diameter of the two outer portions 3, 3.
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