7.1 rays of light
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Light travels in straight lines at a speed of 300,000 km/s. Lasers can be used to see the path of light rays by scattering the laser light with smoke or dust. Common sources of light include the filament in a lamp, a fire, fireflies, the sun, and candles. Not all objects emit their own light - television screens and mirrors reflect light but do not produce it themselves.
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Young's double slit experiment
The document describes Young's double slit experiment, which demonstrated the wave nature of light. It shows light passing through two slits and interfering, creating a pattern of bright and dark fringes on a screen. The experiment is used to calculate the wavelength of light by measuring the separation of fringes. This supports the theory that light behaves as both a wave and particle.
Double Slit Experiment
The classic double slit experiment performed by Thomas Young in 1801 demonstrated that light behaves as waves. In the experiment, a monochromatic light was shone through two slits and onto a screen. If light consisted of particles, two distinct lines would appear on the screen. However, when performed, an interference pattern of bright and dark bands was observed, indicating the wave-like nature of light. The experiment provided evidence that light exhibits properties of waves, including diffraction and interference, and helped establish light as an electromagnetic wave.
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Thomas Young performed an experiment in the early 19th century that proved light has wave properties by demonstrating the double-slit interference pattern. The experiment showed that light passing through two slits results in a pattern of bright and dark bands on a screen due to the constructive and destructive interference of the light waves. The angles of constructive and destructive interference can be calculated using equations that relate the wavelength, slit separation distance, and interference order.
Template Presentasi Powerpoint - Cultural Diversity
Template Presentasi Powerpoint - Cultural Diversity
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Light Notes
Light can act as both a wave and particle. It is made up of photons that travel in transverse waves. Light is produced when electrons in atoms gain and lose energy by moving closer to or farther from the nucleus. Different light sources like incandescent bulbs, fluorescent bulbs, and LEDs produce light through various electron energy transfer processes. Light travels at the universal speed limit of about 300 million meters per second. Only a small portion of the electromagnetic spectrum, called visible light, is visible to the human eye.
The nature of light
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The double slit experiment was conducted by Thomas Young in the 1800s and revolutionized physics. It first fired particles like paintballs or electrons through one slit, showing they behaved as particles by landing in lines. When fired through two slits, they formed an interference pattern of bands, showing wave-like behavior. However, when an instrument was added to observe the particles passing through the slits, they began behaving as particles again, landing in two separate lines. This experiment demonstrated that electrons can behave as both particles and waves, a fundamental principle of quantum mechanics.
What is the light spectrum of different visible light sources
What is the light spectrum of different visible light sources ?
The visible spectrum is the portion of the electromagnetic spectrum, Visible light comprises only a tiny fraction of the entire electromagnetic radiation spectrum, yet it contains the only region of frequencies to which the rods and cones of the human eye will respond. The wavelengths that humans are typically able to visualize lie in a very narrow range between approximately 400 and 700 nanometers.In terms of frequency, this corresponds to a band in the vicinity of 400–790 THz. Humans can observe and respond to stimuli created by visible light because the eyes contain specialized nerve endings that are sensitive to this range of frequencies. However, the remainder of the electromagnetic spectrum is invisible. These boundaries are not sharply defined and may vary per individual.Under optimal conditions these limits of human perception can extend to 310 nm (UV) and 1100 nm.
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Young's double slit experiment
The document describes Young's double slit experiment, which demonstrated the wave nature of light. It shows light passing through two slits and interfering, creating a pattern of bright and dark fringes on a screen. The experiment is used to calculate the wavelength of light by measuring the separation of fringes. This supports the theory that light behaves as both a wave and particle.
Double Slit Experiment
The classic double slit experiment performed by Thomas Young in 1801 demonstrated that light behaves as waves. In the experiment, a monochromatic light was shone through two slits and onto a screen. If light consisted of particles, two distinct lines would appear on the screen. However, when performed, an interference pattern of bright and dark bands was observed, indicating the wave-like nature of light. The experiment provided evidence that light exhibits properties of waves, including diffraction and interference, and helped establish light as an electromagnetic wave.
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Thomas Young performed an experiment in the early 19th century that proved light has wave properties by demonstrating the double-slit interference pattern. The experiment showed that light passing through two slits results in a pattern of bright and dark bands on a screen due to the constructive and destructive interference of the light waves. The angles of constructive and destructive interference can be calculated using equations that relate the wavelength, slit separation distance, and interference order.
Template Presentasi Powerpoint - Cultural Diversity
Template Presentasi Powerpoint - Cultural Diversity
Semoga bermanfaat ya!
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Masih banyak banget template yang bakal saya share,
Nanti akan saya share di video berikut nya,
Silahkan SUBSCRIBE ya,
Biar ga ketinggalan. Hehe
----------------------------------
SUBSCRIBE Youtube saya:
https://youtube.com/c/AlvianIndonesia
Terimakasih. Salam kenal dari saya, Alvian Indonesia.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Follow Saya di
Instagram - https://instagram.com/alvian.indonesia
Facebook - https://facebook.com/alvian.ind
Light Notes
Light can act as both a wave and particle. It is made up of photons that travel in transverse waves. Light is produced when electrons in atoms gain and lose energy by moving closer to or farther from the nucleus. Different light sources like incandescent bulbs, fluorescent bulbs, and LEDs produce light through various electron energy transfer processes. Light travels at the universal speed limit of about 300 million meters per second. Only a small portion of the electromagnetic spectrum, called visible light, is visible to the human eye.
The nature of light
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The correspondence between: Rays, Electromagnetic Waves and Photons representations.
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The double slit experiment was conducted by Thomas Young in the 1800s and revolutionized physics. It first fired particles like paintballs or electrons through one slit, showing they behaved as particles by landing in lines. When fired through two slits, they formed an interference pattern of bands, showing wave-like behavior. However, when an instrument was added to observe the particles passing through the slits, they began behaving as particles again, landing in two separate lines. This experiment demonstrated that electrons can behave as both particles and waves, a fundamental principle of quantum mechanics.
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The visible spectrum is the portion of the electromagnetic spectrum, Visible light comprises only a tiny fraction of the entire electromagnetic radiation spectrum, yet it contains the only region of frequencies to which the rods and cones of the human eye will respond. The wavelengths that humans are typically able to visualize lie in a very narrow range between approximately 400 and 700 nanometers.In terms of frequency, this corresponds to a band in the vicinity of 400–790 THz. Humans can observe and respond to stimuli created by visible light because the eyes contain specialized nerve endings that are sensitive to this range of frequencies. However, the remainder of the electromagnetic spectrum is invisible. These boundaries are not sharply defined and may vary per individual.Under optimal conditions these limits of human perception can extend to 310 nm (UV) and 1100 nm.
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3. The document then explains how the Michelson-Morley experiment in 1887 found that the speed of light does not change based on the motion of Earth, which helped lead to the development of Lorentz transformations and the realization that the speed of light is constant in all inertial reference frames according to Maxwell's equations and special relativity.
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Light is electromagnetic radiation that can behave as both a particle (photon) and a wave. It travels at 300 million meters per second in a vacuum. When light interacts with matter, it can be transmitted, reflected, scattered, absorbed, or refracted. The color of light depends on its wavelength, with shorter wavelengths like blue having higher frequencies and energies than longer wavelengths like red.
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Thomas Young was a British polymath who performed an experiment in 1801 that provided strong evidence for the wave-like nature of light. The experiment involved passing light through two slits and observing an interference pattern, demonstrating that light behaves as waves that can interfere with each other under certain conditions. The electromagnetic spectrum consists of all types of electromagnetic radiation, including visible light as well as waves like radio waves, microwaves, infrared radiation, ultraviolet light, X-rays, and gamma rays, which differ in their wavelength and frequency.
Emr intraction with atmosphere
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B.Tech sem I Engineering Physics U-II Chapter 2-LASER
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9.7 Making magnets
This document discusses making and testing magnets. It describes how magnets can be made by using another magnet to magnetize a piece of iron or steel by stroking it in one direction many times. It also explains how the strength of a magnet can be tested by observing how much mass it can lift and how far away it can attract other objects. Stronger magnets can lift heavier objects and work from a greater distance. Horseshoe magnets, which bring the poles closer together, are much stronger than bar magnets of the same size.
9.7-Making magnets
This document discusses making and testing magnets. It describes how to make a new magnet by using a strong magnet to magnetize a piece of iron or steel by stroking it in one direction multiple times. It also explains how to test the strength of a magnet by assessing how much mass it can lift and how far away it can attract objects, with stronger magnets affecting larger objects from greater distances. Additionally, it notes that horseshoe magnets, with their U-shape bringing the poles closer together, are much stronger than bar magnets.
9.5 FORCES AND MOVEMENT
This document discusses forces and movement. It defines acceleration as a change in speed or direction of an object. The two main factors that affect acceleration are the net force acting on an object and the object's mass. Greater net force or lower mass results in greater acceleration. Acceleration can be calculated using change in velocity over time or force over mass. When objects fall through air, their acceleration decreases over time due to increasing air resistance until they reach terminal velocity, where air resistance equals the object's weight and net force is zero. Sample problems calculate net force on different objects.
9.5 forces and Movement
This document discusses forces and movement. It defines acceleration as a change in an object's speed or direction over time. The two main factors that affect acceleration are the net force acting on an object and the object's mass. Greater net force or lower mass results in greater acceleration. Acceleration can be calculated using change in velocity over time or force over mass. When objects fall through air, their acceleration decreases over time due to increasing air resistance until they reach terminal velocity, where air resistance equals the object's weight and net force is zero. Sample problems calculate net force on different objects.
9.3-measuring speed electronically
This document discusses measuring the speed of objects electronically using light gates or ultrasonic sensors. Light gates use a beam of light between a transmitter and receiver that is broken when an object passes through, starting a timer. Ultrasonic sensors reflect sound waves off moving objects and can calculate position from pulse echo times. Electronic timers provide more accurate measurements than manual stopwatches by eliminating human reaction time errors.
9.3-measuring speed electronically
This document discusses measuring the speed of objects electronically using light gates or ultrasonic sensors. Light gates use a beam of light between a transmitter and receiver that is broken when an object passes through, triggering a timer. Ultrasonic sensors reflect sound waves off moving objects and calculate position from pulse echo times. Electronic timers provide more accurate measurements than manual stopwatches by eliminating errors from human reaction times.
9.2-more about speed equation
This document discusses speed, distance, and time calculations using the speed equation. It provides three examples of using the speed equation to calculate distance or time given two of the variables. It also includes a table to fill in missing time or speed values and two additional practice problems calculating total distance and average speed for a car's journey, and converting between m/s and km/h for a helicopter's speed.
9.1-speed
- Speed is defined as the distance traveled divided by the time taken. The speed equation can be used to calculate average speed from the total distance and total time of a journey.
- Speed can be measured in different units depending on the distance and time units used, such as meters/second, kilometers/hour, miles/day.
- Over time, the average speed of the 800m world record holders has increased, as shown by their decreasing recorded times and increasing calculated speeds from 1972 to 2012.
7.9 ---lenses and cameras
Cameras capture images similarly to the eye by using lenses to focus light and form an image. Early cameras did not use lenses and instead used a pinhole to form an unfocused image on a screen. Modern cameras use a glass lens to focus light onto an electronic sensor made of millions of light detectors, which allows the image to be digitally processed and stored. The lens moves in the camera to focus light precisely onto the sensor, whereas the eye changes the shape of its internal lens.
7.8 -sight
The eye has several key structures that allow for vision. The cornea and iris control the amount of light entering the eye. The pupil is a gap in the iris that changes size depending on lighting. Behind the pupil is the lens, which focuses light using refraction. The lens thickness changes to focus on distant or near objects. Light hits the retina, a light-sensitive layer, which sends signals through the optic nerve to the brain for vision. Some eyes have imperfections causing near- or far-sightedness.
7.7- Coloured light and filters
When light passes through certain materials like filters, only some colors of light are transmitted while others are absorbed. Red, green and blue filters each transmit only their respective color, while cyan filters transmit green and blue, yellow filters transmit green and red, and magenta filters transmit red and blue. These primary colors - red, green and blue - can be combined additively to produce other colors, with all three producing white. Filters can also be used in series to prevent any light from passing through by absorbing all colors.
7.6-investigating colours
The document discusses color and how objects appear colored. It explains that:
- The color of an object appears depends on which colors of light it reflects and which it absorbs. A red object reflects red light and absorbs other colors, appearing red.
- A mixture of reflected colors is seen as a single color by our eyes. A pink object reflects more than one color, and we perceive the mixture as pink.
- In subtractive color mixing, new colors are obtained by combining paint colors through absorption rather than reflection. Cyan, magenta, and yellow can be mixed in different combinations to produce other colors.
7.5-dispersion and spectrum
This document discusses the dispersion of white light into a spectrum of colors using a glass prism. It explains that each color of light refracts by a slightly different amount, causing the colors to spread out when white light passes through the prism. The spectrum of colors produced is called the visible spectrum and includes red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo and violet. Rainbows occur due to a similar dispersion effect when light passes through water droplets in the sky.
Revision ch8 sound (8.6 & 8.7& 8.8)
The document is a physics revision on sound for a Cambridge secondary exam. It contains questions about the stages of hearing sound, the range of human hearing, frequencies audible to humans, and parts of the ear involved in hearing. The questions cover topics like:
- The correct order of how we hear sounds from the source vibrating to sound waves reaching the brain.
- The approximate range of frequencies, between 20-20,000 Hz, that are audible to humans.
- Examples of sound sources and whether their frequencies would be audible.
- Parts of the ear, like the inner ear, that are most vulnerable to damage from loud or sudden noises.
- The unit used to
5.3-Electroplating
Electroplating is a process where the surface of one metal is coated with a layer of a different metal. The metal being used to coat is less reactive than the one being coated. The anode is made from the pure metal used to coat, while the cathode is the object being electroplated. The electrolyte is an aqueous solution of a soluble salt of the pure metal at the anode. Electroplating is done to make metals more resistant to corrosion or damage and also to improve their appearance, such as chromium and nickel plating for resistance and silver plating cutlery for appearance.
7.4- refraction
1) Refraction is the change in direction of light when it passes from one transparent material to another.
2) When light travels from air into water or glass, it slows down and bends toward the normal line at the boundary between the materials.
3) Conversely, when light travels from water or glass into air, it speeds up and bends away from the normal line at the boundary.
7.3- Reflection of Light
When light hits a surface, it can be absorbed, transmitted, or reflected. Reflection is when the light ray bounces back from the surface, such as from a mirror. The law of reflection states that the angle at which the light hits the surface, called the angle of incidence, is equal to the angle at which it bounces off, called the angle of reflection. When light hits a surface perpendicular, or at a 90 degree angle, the light ray will reflect back along the same path it came, with both angles equal to zero.
Unit 1-Topic 1 (A&B&C)
CHEMISTRY 12AS-EDEXCEL
UNIT 1:
STRUCTURE, BONDING AND INTRODUCTION TO ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
TOPIC 1
FORMULAE, EQUATIONS AND AMOUNT OF SUBSTANCE
5.2- electrochemistry ((ELECTROLYSIS))
Electrolysis is the process of using an electric current to drive nonspontaneous chemical reactions. During electrolysis, ions move towards the electrodes and undergo changes. At the anode, ions lose electrons and form gases. At the cathode, ions gain electrons and form elements or hydrogen gas. The products of electrolysis depend on factors like the electrolyte, its concentration, and the reactivities of the ions. Electrolysis has many industrial applications like electroplating and producing reactive elements.
7.2 absorbing,,transmitting and;reflection
This document discusses the behavior of light rays and how vision works. It contains the following key points:
1. When light rays reach a surface, they can be absorbed, reflected, transmitted, or refracted. Absorption converts light to heat, reflection bounces light off a surface, transmission passes light through a material, and refraction changes the direction of light when moving between materials.
2. For vision, light reflects off an object and enters the eyes, causing a chemical reaction at the back of the eye that produces a signal to the brain, allowing us to see objects that do not emit their own light.
3. Shadows are caused when an object blocks light from a source, creating
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7.1 rays of light
- 1. 7.1- RAYS OF LIGHT VIII – CAMBRIDGE SIR.MUHAMMAD
- 2. LIGHT01 Is a form of energy and is released by light sources and travels very quickly from place to place Light speed = 300 000 000 m/s = 𝟑 × 𝟏𝟎 𝟖 m/s = 300 000 Km/s Light is a transverse wave (peaks & troughs) Light travels through vacuum ( space )
- 3. LIGHT RAYS – LIGHT TRAVELS IN STRAIGHT LINES
- 4. LIGHT RAYS02 LIGHT TRAVELS IN STRAIGHT LINES Lasers also produce light rays We can use smoke or dust to scatter the laser light so that we can see the path in which the ray travels , because the light from lasers is very bright (intense) Remark : Never try to look into a laser beam
- 5. SOURCES OF LIGHT03 The filament in a lamp is so hot that it glows with a white light A fire will produce an orange-coloured light The chemical reactions in fireflies give off a green glow The sun is the most obvious source of light and heat Q: Which of the following are light sources ? a star television the moon eyes a candle mirror
- 7. Q 1 : Which of the following are light sources ? a star television the moon eyes a candle mirror Q 2 : Make a list of at least ten light sources ? Q 3 : Describe the sequence of events that enables you to see an object that does not produce its own light SUMMARY QUESTIONS
- 8. CREDITS: This presentation template was created by Slidesgo, including icons by Flaticon, and infographics & images by Freepik. Please keep this slide for attribution. THANKS! SIR.MUHAMMAD ABDUL MAGEID