This document discusses theories of modernism and postmodernism and how they relate to media production. It provides context on modernism as a rejection of realism from the 1890s-1960s, noting modern art was self-reflexive. Postmodernism emerged in the 1970s, characterized by blurred genres, fiction/reality, and hyperreality where mediated reality is preferred over real reality. Jean Baudrillard's theory of simulacra and hyperreality is explained, where the real is replaced by simulations until the distinction collapses. Characteristics of postmodern music videos are identified, including bricolage, pastiche, intertextuality, breaking the fourth wall, parody, and homage.