Modernism began as a rejection of past ideas and cultural norms in the 19th century, driven by new ideas from evolution, psychology, and socialism. Modernism in art covered 1863-1960s and focused on new ideas and using techniques as subject matter over representing subjects. Postmodernism emerged in the 1970s from scrutiny of modernism, questioning its lack of diversity and utopian ideals. Postmodernism embraces irony, appropriation, juxtaposition, and examining bias through deconstruction.

1. Modernism Vs POST MODERNISM

2. And Now For Something Completely DifferentModernism began as a rejection of the ideas or cultural baggage of the past in the 19th Century.New ideas such as evolution, psychology and socialism (Marxism) changed the way people looked at the world.God was suddenly dead, everyone was driven by their subconscious and all people were equal. Modernism was (is) about new ideas, new ideas all of the time.

3. MODERNismSTART HEREModernism in art covers the period from Manets Olympia (1863) to the end of pop art in the late 1960s.The following quote by Modernist Art critic Clement Greenburg neatly sums up Art before modernism,“One tends to see what is in an old master before what it is as a picture”END HEREIn Manet you see his way of painting.In Titian you see the nude etc.

4. MODERNismThe term Modernism refers to an approach to art making defined by certain common characteristics.(Some of )These commonalities are: Masculinity- most modernist masters were male.European- most modernist masters were European.Utopian- most modernist masters sincerely believed in a better world through better art (their own)Media before subject matter- most modernist masters thought the best, most honest art was to use the technique of art as the subject matter. They believed this would get them closer to what art was really about.

5. Examples of Modernist Art at Home and AbroadPaul Cezanne (FR) 1885

6. Examples of Modernist Art at Home and AbroadRita Angus (NZ) 1936

7. Examples of Modernist Art at Home and AbroadFranz Marc (GER) 1912

8. Examples of Modernist Art at Home and AbroadPhilip Clairmont (NZ) 1977

9. Post ModernismPost Modernism began from scrutiny of Modernism.The artists and intellectuals of the 1970s began to look at Modernism as being a bit dodgy. This attitude reflected upheavals in society: feminism, equal rights and protest movements.Where were the women? What about their art?Where were the Africans? The Asians? What about their art?Utopianism? Look at what Stalin did (millions dead)! Who controls the media? You can’t trust anyone!Media before subject matter? That’s a dead end. And what about other stuff like comics? Can that be art?

10. POST MODERNISMPost Modernism (in Art) covers the period from the end of the 1960s with Pop Art until the present.The following quote by Italian philosopher, art critic, literary scholar and novelist Umberto Eco sums up the post modern attitude :“The postmodern reply to the modern consists of recognizing that the past, since it cannot really be destroyed, because its destruction leads to silence, must be revisited: but with irony, not innocently. I think of the postmodern attitude as that of a man who loves a very cultivated woman and knows that he cannot say to her ‘I love you madly’, because he knows that she knows (and that she knows he knows) that these words have already been written by Barbara Cartland. Still, there is a solution. He can say ‘As Barbara Cartland would put it, I love you madly’. At this point, having avoided false innocence, having said clearly that it is no longer possible to speak innocently, he will nevertheless have said what he wanted to say to the woman: that he loves her in an age of lost innocence. If the woman goes along with this, she will have received a declaration of love all the same. Neither of the two speakers will feel innocent, both will have accepted the challenge of the past, of the already said, which cannot be eliminated; both will consciously and with pleasure play the game of irony… But both will have succeeded, once again, in speaking of love.”

11. POST MODERNISMPost Modernist art shares some commonalities, these include:Irony: the use of low brow imagery in a high brow context.Questioning what Art is.Appropriation: the use of another's imagery in a new context to create a new meaning (also referencing)Juxtaposition: using incongruent styles together, abstract and figurative.Pluralism: multiple viewpoints (political), openness to difference in sex, race etc.Deconstruction: looking at the multiple meanings in imagery/text to find bias.

12. Post Modernism in Film- “Blue Velvet”

13. Some Examples of Post Modernism from at Home and AbroadCindy Sherman (US)

14. Some Examples of Post Modernism from at Home and AbroadYvonne Todd (NZ)

15. Some Examples of Post Modernism from at Home and AbroadJeff Koons (US)

16. Some Examples of Post Modernism from at Home and AbroadMichael Parekowhai (NZ)