The document discusses the Holocaust and anti-Semitism in Europe. It provides historical context for anti-Semitism, outlines the steps Nazis took to systematically exterminate Jews, and analyzes images from the Holocaust. It describes how Nazis deceived Jews and executed over 6 million through concentration camps and gas chambers. Finally, it explains that Holocaust denial seeks to deny or minimize the factual evidence of the systematic state-sponsored genocide of approximately 6 million Jews by Nazi Germany and its allies and collaborators.

2. 1. Define: Anti-Semitism, Genocide
2. List and explain the steps that the Nazis took to the process of
extermination.
3. Analyze and discuss the images that were taken during the
Holocaust.
4. Describe how Germany deceived, controlled, and carried out a
plan to execute 6 million Jews.
5. Explain why there is an effort to deny the existence of the
Holocaust.

3. Historic:Historic:
• Religious: Jews blamed for death of Jesus; stereotype of the
“wandering Jew”
• Economic: Jews accused of economic exploitation
• Social: Jews viewed as outsiders, suffering expulsions,
discriminatory laws, confinement to ghettos
Modern:Modern:
• Political: Jews accused of spreading Marxism
• Racial: Nazi racial ideology promoted the idea that Jews are a
separate race “polluting” the German Volk
• Protocols of the Elders of Zion: Alleges a worldwide Jewish
conspiracy

4. “One does not have dealings
with pests and parasites; one
does not rear and cherish
them; one destroys them as
speedily and thoroughly as
possible.”
• A German Nationalist and Anti-Semitic
during the 1800’s.

5. A German children’s book titled:
The Poisonous Mushroom
Translation: The Jewish
worm makes his move

6. The people of Germany were ordered to destroy books and other forms of
media which did not correspond with Nazi ideology. Many of the
destroyed items were produced by Jews.

7. Identification
Concentration
Murder
Genocide

9. • Legalized discrimination
•I.D. cards and “J’s” on passports
• Curfews
• Yellow stars
• Ghettos

10. • Nazi belief in a system of racial
superiority.
• Hitler believed that the
Germans descended from the
“master race” of Aryans.
• European descent

11. This Aryan woman and Jewish man were accused of breaking the
Nuremburg Laws by cohabitating. They were forced to wear placards in
public announcing their alleged “crime.”

12. Two Jewish students being humiliated by their classmates. The
chalkboard reads: “The Jew is our greatest enemy. Beware of the Jew!”

16. Jews lined up for concentration in Warsaw, Poland.

19. Signs in German and Czechoslovakian stated, "No entry for Jews".

20. The April 28 edition of the Voice of Warsaw reported:
"The SS thugs set ablaze to entire blocks of flats in order to force the
population to come out of hiding...the water, gas, and electric supplies
were cut off....”

21. A Mother and son forcibly removed from Warsaw to the Ghettos.

22. Jews being forcibly deported from Amsterdam.

23. Main gate to the Warsaw Ghetto

25. German soldiers cutting the beard of an elderly Jew in Poland.

26. The Jews in the
Warsaw Ghetto were
only fed a 800
calories a day .
A Human being
needs 2400 calories a
day to maintain
their weightTerror
The SS publicly shot
people for smuggling
food or for any act of
resistance.
Deception
The Jews were told
that they were going
to ‘resettlement areas’
in the East.
In some Ghettos the
Jews had to purchase
their own train
tickets.
They were told to
bring the tools of
their trade, along
with pots and pans.
Hungry people are
easier to control
New arrivals at the
Death camps were given
postcards to send to
their friends.
TacticsTactics
Starvation

27. When the Jews of the Warsaw Ghetto learned the truth about the
"resettlement" action, some of them rebelled. The Nazis responded by
shelling and bombing the ghetto, till all the occupants died or
surrendered.

28. Nazi killing of minority groups on a small scale.

29. “If I am ever really in power
the destruction of the Jews
will be my first and most
important job. . . . The Jews
will be hanged one after
another and they will stay
hanging until they stink.”
Adolf Hitler (1922)

30.  In the countries they defeated, the Germans deported the Jewish
population to camps.
 Work camps, concentration camps, death camps. Each had a specific purpose.
 Torture and humiliation, degradation before murder.
 Starvation, beatings, rapes, public stripping, public hangings, firing squads
 Worked to death in labor camps, sometimes for no productive purpose except
torture and destruction.
 People had to dig their own graves.
 Massive graves, bodies thrown on top of other bodies.
 In Germany, they eliminated “non-productive” members of society:
mentally ill, physically handicapped, even elderly and sick.
 Called “Life not worthy of life…”

31. A young mother with her two children, sitting among a large group of
Jews who have been assembled for mass execution by the Germans.

32. German police and Ukrainian collaborators in civilian clothes look on as
Jewish women are forced to undress before their execution.

33. Hundreds of Jewish men, women, and children await their execution.

34. Children just prior to their execution by the Einsatzgruppen. (Special
Operations Units).

35. Young Jewish men forced to dig a massive grave, which they were also
buried in.

36. For refusing to dig, a German unleashes his dogs on a Jewish man.

37. A Jewish family is made to undress, in the cold, before their executions.
In the background, another Jew covers the already executed with dirt.

38. Execution squad firing at Jews standing in the prepared burial trench.

39. Jewish men forced to kneel over a trench partially filled with the already
executed.

41. A Jewish parent makes an attempt to shelter a child from the bullet of an
executioner.

42. The last view of millions.

43. Shooting was too
inefficient as the bullets
were needed for the war
effort.
Jews were to be
rounded up and put
into transit camps
called Ghettoes
The Jews living in
these Ghettos were to
be used as a cheap
source of labour.
Conditions in the Ghettos were
designed to be so bad that many
die while the rest would be
willing to leave these areas in the
hope of better conditions
On arrival the Jews
would go through a
process called
‘selection.’
The remaining Jews
were to be shipped
to ‘resettlement
areas’ in the East.
Women, children, the
old & the sick were to
be sent for ‘special
treatment.’
The young and fit would go
through a process called
‘destruction through work.’
The FinalThe Final
SolutionSolution

45. Treblinka
Between 1942 & 1943, 850,000 people were
killed here. The camp was closed after a
successful escape of prisoners.
Chelmo
Over 153,000 people were killed in the
camp. On December 8, 1941, the SS carried
out their first killing operations. It was the
first camp to use gas vans.
Sobibor
A minimum of 200,000 people were killed
here. The camp was closed after a successful
revolt and 600 prisoners escaped. Trees were
planted on the exact spot just days later.
Belzec
As many as 434,500 Jews were exterminated
here. Little is known about the camp since
only one or two prisoners survived.
Majdanek
The camp operated from 1941 to 1944,
killing over 79,000 people. Not hidden in a
remote location, the locals were aware of
the camps existence. The best preserved
camp of the Holocaust since the SS had
little time to destroy it before the Red Army
arrived.
Auschwitz
The largest and most recognizable of the
Nazi death camps. From 1942, to 1945,
1,100,000 people were systematically
executed here. Those that were not gassed
died of starvation, disease, exhaustion, and
medical experiments. On January 27, 1945
the camp was liberated by Soviet troops.

46. The gate at Auschwitz has the infamous motto “work makes you free.”

49. Jewish men prior to their execution
in one of the gas vans.

51. Unloaded off of the crammed cattle cars, the Jews then went through a
process of selection.

52. SELECTIONSELECTION
At Auschwitz the trains
pulled into a mock up
of a normal station.
The Jews were
helped off the cattle
trucks by Jews who
were specially
selected to help the
Nazis
At some death camps
the Nazis would play
records of classical
music to help calm
down the new arrivals.
At Auschwitz the new
arrivals were calmed
down by a Jewish
orchestra playing
classical music.
All new arrivals went
through a process
known as ‘selection.’
Mothers, children, the
old & sick were sent
straight to the
‘showers’ which were
really the gas
chambers.
The able bodied were
sent to work camp
were they were killed
through a process
known as ‘destruction
through work.’

56. Dressing in slave labor clothing.

57. Laborers in their bunks.

58. The SS officer is Buchenwald's chief warden, Martin Sommer, who was
personally responsible for killing hundreds of Jews.

59. Jewish laborer shot while on the latrine.

60. Nazi Warning on the door:
Warning: Poison Gas.
Harmful to your health.

61. Items (rings, crowns, hair, and eye glasses) collected from those Jews that
were executed.

62. The clothing and shoes of Jewish prisoners.

63. Shrunken heads of concentration camp inmates, tattooed skin parchment,
and a lampshade made out of human skin.

69. Besides outright murder, also human guinea
pigs.
 The most notorious: Dr. Josef Mengele, at
Auschwitz.
 His experiments included placing subjects in pressure
chambers, testing drugs on them, freezing them,
attempting to change eye color by injecting chemicals
into children's eyes and various amputations and other
brutal surgeries.
 Subjects who survived Mengele's experiments
were almost always killed and dissected
shortly afterwards.

70. • Sterilization of men and women.
• Endurance of pain to high and low
temperatures and pressure.
• Experiments on twins to increase number of
multiple births to Aryan women.
• Injections of phenol, directly to the heart, to
kill patients.
• Dr. Mengele attempted to sew children together
to make Siamese twins .

71. A prisoner is submerged in a tank filled with cold water. The goal of this
type of experiments was to improve military equipment.

72. High-altitude medical experiments tested how pilots reacted to high-
altitude conditions.

73. Children subjected to medical experiments in Auschwitz.

74. Man being injected intravenously with sea water, in an attempt to
prolong survival.

75. “ So far as concerns us, we
have burned our bridges
behind us. We can no longer
turn back, nor do we want to
turn back. We shall go down
in history as the greatest
statesmen of all time , or its
greatest criminals.”
Joseph Gobbels

76. • Jews did resist:Jews did resist:
• Warsaw Uprising – held out for 42 days!
• Uprisings at Treblinka, Auschwitz, Sobibor camps. None successful but
refutes idea that Jews just laid down and died.
• Jews joined resistance movements in France and elsewhere.
• Some countries did try to protect their own:
• Denmark saved almost all of theirs – clever and ruthless Resistance
• King of Sweden wore Jewish patch required by Nazis, as “badge of honor.”
• 200,000 of 300,000 French Jews.
• Most of Italy’s 50,000. (Many because of Cath. Church. – Church complicity
still a controversy today)
• Hungary to save theirs but failed.
• A few individuals tried to help Jews, but most, for fear or apathy, stood by.
Some actively aided Nazis.
• Subject peoples became SS; others became camp guards.

77. • Reports began leaking out as early
as 1941.
• At first, no one believed. (Who
would?) Then, a “certain
indifference” set in
• Even media outcry muted
• Allies stuck to military objectives
• Admittedly not a lot could be done
but bomb railways leading to camps,
gas chambers at Auschwitz.
•
• Late in war, Germans offer to “sell”
Jews, in return for supplies, but not
taken up.

78.  When Allies finally took Poland, found camps and rumors both
confirmed and didn’t come close to reality
 SS had tried to destroy evidence: blew some crematoriums, shot
thousands in mass graves.
 Dug up mass graves and tried to burn the bodies.
 Allies found unbelievable horrors:
Found walking skeletons of survivors with dead eyes
Mass graves
Found lampshades, gloves, purses, made from human skin
Found the mutilated survivors of medical experiments

83. The genocide of these 6-million people was a genocide of two-thirds of
the population of 9-million Jews who had resided in Europe before the
Holocaust.
Country
Original Jewish
Population
Jews killed Percent Surviving
Poland 3,300,000 3,000,000 10%
Soviet Union 2,850,000 1,525,000 56%
Hungary 650,000 450,000 30%
Romania 600,000 300,000 50%
Germany/Austria 240,000 200,000 17%
Latvia 95,000 85,000 10%

85. Military tribunals in which Allied forces prosecuted the prominent
members of the political, military, and economic leadership of Nazi
Germany.

86. • Paul Rassinier of France, first published in
1948, set forth the main arguments that have
been repeated by all subsequent Holocaust
deniers:
• There had never been a plan for the systematic
annihilation of European Jewry.
• The number of Jewish victims was about one
million.
• It was the Jews who had declared war on Germany.
• The survivors’ testimonies are inflated and
unreliable.

87. • Professor Yisrael Gutman argues that the Nazis’ who attempted to
cover-up their acts of murder sowed the seeds of denial. The following
examples illustrate this point:
1. The absence of any written orders from Hitler concerning the annihilation of the
Jews.
2. The use of code words to denote the annihilation of European Jewry. For example,
Einsatzgruppen (Special Operations Units), Endloesung (the Final Solution).
3. The formation in 1942 of Unit 1005, a secret unit commanded by Paul Blobel, in
order to destroy evidence of the slaughter of Jews in the death pits of the east by
burning the corpses.
4. Orders concerning the dismantling of three extermination camps (Belzec, Sobibor,
and Treblinka) and destruction of evidence concerning the mass murder of Jews
there.
5. Himmler speech to SS officers in Poznan in October 1943. The destruction of the
Jews, he explained, was a glorious page in history that has never been recorded and
never shall be. It was clear to him that people at large would not understand this.