The document provides information about 7 different countries, beginning with Colombia. It includes maps, flags, descriptions of location, climate, population, land regions, bodies of water, flora and fauna, points of interest, history, current events, politics, economy, daily life, culture, sports, and fun facts for Colombia. Similar information is presented for 6 other countries.

1. 7 countries Project
By: Erich Schill

2. Erich Schill Colombia
http://www.33ff.com/flags/worldflags/Colombia_flag.html same
hyperlink for flag on slide 5

3. Country Map
Legend:
N : = River
W E = City
S = Capital
= Beach
= Famous Church
= National Park
http://www.lonelyplanet.com/maps/south-america/colombia/

4. Country Description
•Location: located in
• Size: Area of 1,138,910
northwestern corner of
square kilometers and a South America. Colombia
total coastline of 1,993 borders to the west with
mi. Venezuela and Brazil; to the
• Rural and Urban south with Ecuador and
residence: 70% of the Peru; to the North with the
population lives in cities Panama, the Atlantic
and 30% in urban areas. Ocean, through the
• Climate: tropical and Caribbean Sea; and to the
isothermal due to west with Panama and the
location near to the Pacific Ocean.
equator.

5. Country Description cont…
•Population: as of 2009 the population is
45,659,709 people in Colombia.
Yellow stripe= all the gold found in Colombia
•Flag: Blue Stripe= the seas on Colombia’s shore
Red Stripe= blood shed from the freedom
fighters of Colombia

6. Geographic Features- Land Regions
• Land Regions: There are
six major land regions in
Colombia that include
the Andean Region, the
Andean Region, Caribe
Region (Caribbean
Region), Pacific
Region, Amazon
Region, and the
Orinoquía Region.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_regions_of_Colombia

7. Geographic Features- Bodies of water
• Rivers: There are around 120 rivers all
throughout Colombia. Some notable ones
include the Cacuca and the Magdalena river.
• Lakes: Some notable lakes include Lake Tota,
Calima Lake, and Lake Guatavita.
• Oceans: the Pacific Ocean to the west.
• Seas: Caribbean sea to the northwest

8. Geographic Features-Fauna and Flora
• The fauna and flora of Colombia vary greatly
because of its huge diversity and tropical
climates.
• Fauna-tigers, deer, sloths, anteaters, bears,
monkeys, pigs, weasels raccoons, moose,
tapir, rodents, varieties of feline, etc.
• Flora-could be its variety of green-foliage
trees. These trees include walnut, cedar, oak,
ginger, balsam, mahogany, etc.

9. Geographic Features- Points of Interest
• Special points of interest in Colombia includes
attractions such as the Gold Museum in Bogota.
Or the Walled City in
Cartagena (below)
Link for picture above
Link for picture above

10. History
• In 1510 Spaniards founded Darien, a settlement on the American
mainland
• In 1538 this settlement was brought up to be a colony known as
New Granada which lasted until 1861.
• Then in 1824 Bolivar won it in the battle of Boyacá in Colombia and
created the Republic of Greater Colombia.
• Then later in 1840 a small civil war broke out after relative peace
which sparked these name changes
- 1861 United States of New Granada
- 1863 United States of Colombia
- 1885 Republic of Colombia
• Lastly in 1899 another civil war broke out, the war of a thousand
days, which lasted until 1902 and gained Colombia’s complete
independence in 1903.

11. History cont…
• Colombia contributed anti- efforts such as drug
trafficking. Colombia set up an anti-drug group
called Plan Colombia to eliminate cocaine trade.
• Another contribution includes the independence
for the country of Panama granted by Colombia
in 1914.
• In WWII Colombia was with the anti-axis or allied
group.
• Major wars include WWII, war of a thousand
days, and lastly slightly involved with Spanish
Conquest.

12. Current Events
• A couple of the most current events in the
past year include:
- Most infamous terrorist group is still existing in
Colombia known as FARC.
- Paramilitary Groups are the causes of 70% of
murders in Colombia when they job is to have self
defense and protect Colombia.
- Juan Manuel Santos inaugurated 7th Aug 2010.

13. Political
• Government- Liberal Democracy with
Separation of powers into three branches
• Government Leaders- President Juan Santos
- Supreme Court
- Congress
http://constitutionalfights.blogspot.com/2010/
06/lesson-separation-of-powers.html

14. Economy
• Free market economy with investment ties to U.S.
• Main industries include textile, oil, sloshing, beverages,
chemicals, cement, gold, coal, and emeralds.
• Exports: petroleum, coffee, coal, nickels, emeralds
• Imports: fuels, electricity, consumer goods, chemicals,
paper products, and industrial/transportation equipment.
• Trade Partners: United States, China, and Brazil
• Trade Associations: CAN (Andean Community of Nations)
and SACN Union of South American Nations.
• Sanctions: Venezuela one of major traders blocks trade
with Colombia in 2009

15. Daily Life
• The Colombian standard of living has increased over
the past three years.
• Labor Force:20.81 million
• Unemployment Rate: 11.1%
• Population below poverty line: 49.2%
• Literacy Rate: 92.7%
• Life expectancy: males 69 years and females 74 years
• Clothing: trousers, sleepwear, shirts, shorts, polo shirts,
jackets, swim trunks. All according to the weather
• Internet Usage: (1993) 0% to (2008) 38.5% of the
population

16. Cultural
• Traditions: This all depends upon the region you live on. An example
of some notable ones are: December 7th all houses are lit with
candles, also for Christmas most Columbian families make Bunelos
with Natilla.
• Customs: The variety of tropical fruit, the way they greet people
(shaking elbow with their hands), and resentment towards car
doors being slammed are examples of some customs practiced in
Bogota
• Religions: Catholicism, Islam, Protestants, and Judaists
• Foods: mostly meat, Arroz con Coco (rice with
milk), Buneuelos, Quesillos (cream cheese in bananas)
• Music: varied from accordion to rap pretty much included all music
types, Porro (big band music) and Cumbia
• Dance: Pasillo (waltz), Vallenato (bae guitar dances), Cumbia
(African dance)

17. Fun Facts
• There are 32 states in Colombia
• Colombia’s official name is Republic of Congo
• Colombia has 95% of the worlds emeralds in
the city of Boyacá
• Peso is he currency of Colombia
• Colombia is one of the largest Spanish-
speaking countries in the world
• Colombia’s capital and largest city is Bogota

18. Sporting Event
• The Fifa U-20 World Cup will be held in
Colombia after being postponed from Libya
due to internal issues.
• Colombia automatically qualifies for this
World Cup because they are the host country.
• Colombia has been to the World Cup four
times in the past.
• Event will take place between July 29 and
August 20.

19. Wrap-Up
• I fund it interesting that despite the fact that
Colombia completely gained its independence
around 100 years ago they are constantly
excelling in every aspect such as people,
economy, technologies, balance of trade, and
with their good government and culture.

20. Erich Schill Ireland
http://www.33ff.com/flags/worldflags/Ireland_flag.html

21. Country
Map
http://geology.com/world/ireland-satellite-image.shtml

22. Country Description
• Size: 70,273 square kilometers (27,133 square miles) with a coastline of
1,448 km.
• Climate: mild maritime climate due to location near Atlantic Ocean.
Winters are clouds and rain. Summers are warm sunny weather.
• Location: an island in the North Atlantic directly west of the United
Kingdom
• Population: 4,670,976 million; approximately 169 people per square mile
• Flag Green stripe=the native people of Ireland
(most of whom are Roman Catholic)
White stripe= represents peace between
these two groups of people.
Orange stripe= represents the British
supporters of William of Orange who settled
in Northern Ireland in the 17th century (most
of whom are Protestant).

23. Geographic Features
• Land Regions: There are two main regions of Ireland Northern Island and The
Republic of Ireland
• Rivers : 10 major rivers of Ireland include Shannon, Barrow, Suir, Blackwater
(Munster), Nore, Bann, Liffey, Slaney, Boyne, and Lee.
• Lakes: Lough Neagh, Lough Ree, Lough Derg, Lough Conn, Lough Corrib, Lough
Mask, and Lough Allen. In Irish “Lough” means “loch” or “lake.”
• Oceans and Seas: Atlantic Ocean, Celtic Sea, and Irish Sea are where Irish
tributaries lead to and what borders Ireland.
• Fauna: -Land: hedgehogs, Irish hare, pine marten, red fox, and badgers -
Coastal: shark, turtle, and dophin
- Air: over 400 species of birds, most common is swallow
• Flora: -trees: oak, beech, pine, birch, and palm
- plants: land is mostly covered with pasture, wildflowers, fern, and
wild furze,

24. Geographic Features cont…
• Mountains: Antrim Mts., Sperrin Mts., Blue Stack Mts., Ox Mts., Wicklow
Mts., Silver Bloom Mts., Silvermine Mts., Galtee Mts., and Blackstairs Mts.
• Points of Interest: some include
St Patrick’s Cathedral The National Museum Celtic Crosses(cemetery)
Link
Link
Link

25. History
• First known settlements of Ireland date all the way back to B.C by
migrating hunter-gatherers.
• The early history of Ireland spans from the 5th century to the 8th century.
• This span of time involves Ireland when they came out of the protohistoric
(time between prehistory and history where writing was not established
period to the Viking Age.
• A lot later in history Ireland’s war of independence (Anglo-Irish War) took
place of the IRA (Irish Republican Army) against the British Government
• War lasted from Jan 1919 to July 1921 and the Anglo-Irish Treaty in 1922
resulting in Ireland’s partition.
• After the independence Ireland’s population grew, economy grew, and
way of government improved

26. Ireland’s Impact
• Some inventions impacting world: Chemistry (Robert Boyle), first guided
missile (Louis Brennan), and hypodermic syringe (Francis Rynd)
• Ireland was part of the United Kingdom during WWI and was part of the
Entente Powers.
• Ireland during WWII held a policy of neutrality while neither joining the
Axis or Allies. Ireland was led by Eamon de Valera.
• Major Wars by Ireland include the Anglo-Irish War, War in
Afghanistan, Walliamite War in Ireland, and the Nine Years War.
• Important current events in the past year include: Bishop of Clogher
Joseph Duffey’s resignation is accepted by Pope Benedict XVI, Dublin was
named the fourth city of literature, and Galway City Hall exploded.

27. Political
• Ireland’s type of government is Parliamentary
Republic
• Government Leaders- Link
President Mary McAleese
People of Ireland
• This picture shows that the
People along with the leader
have a say in the government

28. Economy
• Knowledge economy focusing on services and high-tech industries
• Industries: steel, lead, zinc, silver, aluminum, barite, computer
software, tourism, chemicals, textiles and clothing
• Exports: machinery and
equipment, computers, chemicals, pharmaceuticals, animals, and animal
products
• Imports: data processing equipment, petroleum, textile, clothing and
chemicals
• Economic Status: Ireland is ranked 48th in economy and imports 63.12 billion
and exports 108.6 billion
• Ireland trades with the United Kingdom and the United States mostly.
However they also trade with France and Germany.
• Ireland’s trade associations include EU (European Union), WTO (World Trade
Organization), and OECD (Organization for economic and Co-operation
development).
• Sanctions include Belarus, Burma, Ivory Coast, Iran, Iraq, and Lebanon

29. Daily Life
• Literacy: 99% for men and women; ranked 21 for literacy rates
• Clothing: jackets, T-Shirts, khaki shorts, jeans
• Life Expectancy: woman is 80 years and for men 75 years.
• Internet Usage: around 53% of the population use internet in Ireland as of 2007
Link

30. Cultural
• Ireland’s culture is not homogenous or the same through the
whole country. The cultures are different in the urban and
rural areas of Ireland.
• Traditions: St. Patrick’s day, decorate Christmas
tree, Halloween, All Saints Day, and during a wedding the man
is dressed in a kilt originating from his clan.
• Customs: A custom in Ireland is that a sign of wealth is
owning cattle on your farm, mass in homes, Mother’s day is
on Sunday April, 3rd.
• Religion: In 2006 a census stated that 86.8% were Roman
Catholic, 3% Anglican, 0.8% Islam, 0.6% Presbyterian, less
than 5% Jewish, about 1.4% other religion, and 4.4%
answered no religion and 2.2% failed to respond.

31. Cultural cont…
• Foods: Irish potatoes, cabbage, soda
bread, bacon, dulse, Boxty, etc.
• Music: songs from
accordion, bagpipes, flute, banjo, and flutes. These
songs also include drinking songs and Scottish derived
music.
• Dance: social dancing (including Ceili and set dancing)
and performance dancing (including step dancing and
tap dancing)
Link Link

32. Fun Facts
• In Ireland punching someone in the face is a friendly way
to start a fight but by pouring and wasting alcohol is
grossly insulting.
• The three most common symbols of Ireland are the Celtic
cross, green shamrock, and a harp.
• Ireland is a country of many rivers and lakes, lakes are
referred to as loughs ( pronounced as locks)e.g. Lough
Swilly.
• In 1447 mustaches were illegal in Ireland
• Ireland’s largest city and capital is Dublin.
• Ireland’s language before Irish was Gaelic.

33. Reaction to Japan
• Irish people helped Japan to rebuild its
destroyed nation by donating to charities such
as Red Cross (US) or the Shelterbox (UK)
charity.
Link
Link

34. Wrap-Up
• The thing I found the most interesting about Ireland
was that of its diverse culture, religion, and the food.
Personally I enjoy the food because I eat Irish potatoes
and I really enjoy them. The culture is interesting
because it is neat how even though the Republic of
Ireland and Northern Ireland are separated they still
function as a country. Maybe not as the greatest one
but a good one. Lastly I found it interesting about how
diverse the religion is with almost every religion being
practice and only a 1.4% of “no religion.”
• I have learned that Irish culture is very preserved and
even though being pushed around a lot by the British
they still keep their strong culture.

35. Erich Schill Iceland
http://flagspot.net/flags/is-hist.html

36. Country Map
Legend:
N = River
W E = City
S
= Capital
= Tourist Attraction
= National Park
http://www.lonelyplanet.com/maps/europe/iceland/

37. Country Description
• Size: 311,000 sq km (39,729 sq mi), an island many miles of coastline.
• Climate: Iceland’s climate is cold oceanic; winters that are extremely cold
and summers that’s highs are 77 degrees. Lowest temperature ever
recorded was -39.5°F and the highest temperature ever recorded was
86.9 °F.
• Location: an island located in the North Atlantic Ocean, surrounded by
the Atlantic Ocean, the Bering Strait, and the Greenland Sea.
• Population: 311,058 people
Red=Fire from Iceland’s volcanoes
White= represents the ice and snowfall in
Ireland
Blue= stands for the and Atlantic Ocean
surrounding Iceland

38. Geographic Features-Land Regions
Land Regions:
1. Höfuðborgarsvæði (capital region)
2. Suðurnes (Southern Peninsula)
3. Vesturland (West)
4. Vestfirðir (Westfjords)
5. Norðurland vestra (northwest)
6. Norðurland eystra (northeast)
7. Austurland (East)
8. Suðurland (South)
Link

39. Geographic Features
• Rivers: Most of the large rivers arise in glaciers and their flow volume in
summer is much greater than in winter. Some of Iceland’s important rivers
include: Þjórsá, Ölfusáá, Jökulsá á Fjöllum, Skjálfandafljót, Jökulsá á Brú,
Lagarfljót, Skeiðará and Kuðafljót.
• Lakes: Iceland possesses several lakes those dating back to the tectonic
age. Some major lakes include Þingvallavatn, Þórisvatn, and Öskjuvatn.
• Oceans and seas: Iceland is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, Denmark
Strait, and the Greenland Sea.
• Fauna: fox, reindeer, whales seals, eiderduck, ptarmigan, and cod. Iceland
has very few insects and they have no reptiles nor frogs.
• Flora: grass, mosses, and small shrubs.

40. Points of Interest
Chris Rijk-(photographer)
Links for
all photos

41. Early History
• Around 20,000 years ago Iceland formed from eruption of volcanoes.
• For a long time Iceland was one of the world’s largest islands uninhabited
by humans.
• Naddoddr, according to Landnámabók, officially discovered Iceland and
named it Snowland in the late 800s.
• In the mid 1200s Iceland signed a treaty with the Norwegian Monarchy
establishing a union with them.
• Then later around 1380 Iceland became under a union with
Denmark, Sweden, and Norway, known as the Kalmar Union.
• In 1814 the Kalmar union broke up and Denmark kept Iceland as a
dependency
• On June 17, 1944, Iceland became and independent country

42. Impact on World
• Instant Photography discovered by Erasmus Bartholin (right) using an
transparent Icelandic crystal. He discovered that looking through the
crystal doubled the objects.
•Another way Iceland impacted the world was
unfortunately by their volcanoes threatening
widespread damage to occur. This volcano is
actually a mid-ocean ridge that comes above sea
level and threatens to cause massive damage from
its explosion.
Link
Link

43. Wars
• WWI- In WWI Iceland was very poor and ruled by a
Danish king so they did not participate.
• WWII- In WWII Iceland originally fought with
Denmark in a personal union, but then Britain and
the United States said they would protect them and
they cooperated with Britain and the U.S. So all in all
Iceland stayed neutral.
• Major war- The Cod War- This war was fought
between the United Kingdom and Iceland for fishing
rights in the North Atlantic. This war resulted in
Britain promising to not fish there anymore.

44. Current Events
• A current event is one about Mt. Kalmar of
Iceland could cause widespread damage if
erupting.
• On March 2nd 2011 they celebrated Beer Day
which was when beer was legalized in Iceland.
• Currently Iceland is in a cultural season lasting
from January to May every year.

45. Political
• Type of Government: Constitutional Republic
• Leaders: President Olafur Ragnar Grimmison, Prime
Minister Johanna Sigurdardottir
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/country_profiles/1025227.stm

46. Economy
• Ranked 129th economically
• Currency: Icelandic krona (ISK)
• Industry: Fishing, agriculture, metal, tourism, smelting/ aluminum
smelting
• Exports: Fish, fish products, metal
• Imports: Machinery and equipment, food related items, and petroleum.
• Economic Status: currently declining due to financial crisis in 2007-2010.
• Trade Partners: European countries, United States, United Kingdom,
Denmark, and Japan.
• Trade associations: WTO (World Trade Organization), EEA (European
Economic Area), EFTA (European Free Trade Association), and OECD
(Organization for Economic Co-operation Development)
• Sanctions: Mackerel traded to Iceland and UK anti-terrorism sanction

47. Daily Life
• Standard of Living: One of the highest in the world because of their
previously well-developed fishing industry and current banking industry is
striving.
• Literacy: Ranked 36; male 99% female 99% total population 99% as of
2010
• Clothing: Hooded Sweaters, Hand-Made Sweaters, Woolen
caps, scarves, Woolen sweaters, and gloves. These are all due to the cold
weather there.
• Internet Usage: As of 2008 the Internet Usage is 90% or a total of
approximately 296,100 people. Internet users as percentage of population
You can see how it has been rising
Link

48. Cultural
• Traditions: greet with kiss on the cheek, no tipping in Iceland, when invited to a
home it is traditional to bring a gift of some sort, and it is more likely that you
will invite someone to eat at your house not at a restaurant. Also last name
adding “son” or “dottir” from the father’s first name.
• Customs: During Christmas there are 13 Santa Clauses. Also during Christmas
in Iceland, their function is to come to town bearing gifts and candy (and a
prank or two). The first jólasveinn arrives 13 days before Christmas and then
the others follow, one each day. After Christmas, they leave one by one. The
Icelandic Christmas season lasts 26 days. Thorláksmessa (mass day of St
Þorlákur) is celebrated on 23 December.
• Religion: Lutheran, Baptist, Catholic, Jehovah Witness, Mormon, and Muslim
• Foods: lamb, dairy, fish, and poultry is considered.
• Music: related to the Nordic music, includes mostly folk and pop
• Dance: ballet, and contemporary dance

49. Fun Facts
• Capital and largest city- Reykjavík
• Half of the population of Iceland live in its capital Reykjavik.
• Life Expectancy is 81.3 for females and 76.4 for males. One
of the highest life expectancies in the world.
• Iceland’s highest peak, Hvannadalshnjúkur, rises to 2.119 m
and over 11 per cent of the country is covered by
glaciers, including Vatnajökull, the largest in Europe.
• 30 post-glacial volcanoes have erupted in the past two
centuries.
• In Iceland the people traditionally take the last name of
their father’s first name and add “son” or “dottir” to it to
make the last name. Example Father is Tom Berger and son
is Sam Tomson

50. Reaction to Japan
• “In Iceland the president has sent the nation’s
condolences to the Japanese emperor, Buddhists
are meditating for the missing, and the radiation
safety authority remains busy analyzing the risk
from Fukushima 1 nuclear power station”
Read more:
http://www.icenews.is/index.php/2011/03/14/va
rious-reactions-in-iceland-to-japan-
catastrophe/#ixzz1HZo6UEuN

51. Wrap-Up
• While completing the slides on Iceland I have
found out that despite their economic rank
being 129th they still have well-set industries
such as fishing, agriculture, and medicinal.
Fishing is their main money-making industry;
Agriculture helped them make money as well
when laws were passed restricting some of
the fishing; Medicinal is good because of the
capability of maintaining their high life
expectancy.

52. Erich Schill Turkmenistan
http://www.worldcountries.info/Flags/Flag-Turkmenistan.htm

53. Country
Map
http://www.travelbbb.com/map-of-turkmenistan/

54. Country Description
• Size: 488,100 sq km (188,456 sq mi);
– land size: 469,930 sq km (181,440 sq mi);
– water size: 18,170 sq km (7015 sq mi)
– Coastline: 1,768 sq km (683 sq mi)
• Climate: Subtropical Desert; Summers: hot, dry and long; Winters:
mild, dry, cold, and damp. Slight rainfall year round.
• Location: Central Asia (Middle East), bordering the Caspian Sea and
bordering Afghanistan, Iran, Kazakhstan, and Uzbekistan.
• Coordinates: 40 N, 60 E
• Population: 4,997,503 as of 2011
• Flag: Red design: representing Turkmenistan's
famous carpet industry
Crescent: represents bright future and hope
5 stars: five regions of Turkmenistan
Green Base: represents Islam
Olive Branches: sign of permanent neutrality

55. Geographic Features-Land Regions
• Land Regions:
Ahal, Balkan
Welayaty, Dasho
guz
Welayaty, Lebap
Welayaty, and
Mary Welayaty.
Link

56. Geographic Features
• Rivers: Turkmenistan lacks a constant water flow and its main rivers are
located in the southern and eastern borders. Some of these rivers are
Amu Darya, Tejen, Murgap, and the Atrek.
• Lakes: major lakes include Lake Sarakamysh, Lake Kou-Ata, Lake
Mollagara, Lake Yuazkhan, Lake Archman, Berzengi, Bakharden, Lake
Rozoviy Porsyghel, and Kara Bogaz Gol.
• Oceans: borders N/A
• Seas: Borders Caspian Sea
• The Kara Kum or Black Sea desert covers most of the country so there is
not a lot of vegetation or animal life however these are the ones that are
there.
• Fauna: goats, camels, and sheep, fishes, diverse birds
• Flora: wild fruits, berries, herbs, spices, and honey-bearing plants

57. Points of Interest
Nohkur Margush
Link Link
Dekhistan Link

58. Early History
• Turkmenistan was originally part of the Persian Empire.
• The Turkmen people were nomads who lived in dome-shaped felt
tents.
• In the 11th century it was conquered by Seljuk Turks
• In the 13th century it was conquered by Mongols (Genghis Khan)
• Then the Khanate of Khiva (Central Asian State) was made part of
the Russian Empire became known as Transcapia. (Turkmenistan)
(1868)
• Officially obtained its independence on 27 October 1991
• Turkmenistan was then later formed out of Turkistan Autonomous
Soviet Socialist Republic in 1922 and became an independent Soviet
Socialist Republic in 1925. It is the poorest in the Soviet republics.
AKA USSR

59. Impact on the World
• Turkmenistan’s impact on the
world because of it contains the
fourth largest reserves of natural
gas within a single national
boundary.

60. Wars
• Major War- Cold War- Following the Cold War
Turkmenistan was at the point in which they
were able to establish their independence and
join The Soviet Socialist Republics.
• WWI- part of the Russian empire so they were
part of the Allied powers.
• WWII- part of the Allied Powers as part of the
USSR. Turkmenistan suffered 70,000
casualties.

61. Current Events
• Turkmenistan opened 2nd gas link with Iran officially
ending Russian complete dominance of Turkmenistan’s
energy sector.
• Turkmenistan plans to create an inland desert-sea.
• The gold-plated statue of Turkmenistan's late
leader, Saparmurat Niyazov, has been removed from
the capital.
• Turkmenistan has accused Russia of causing an
explosion on a gas pipeline.
• Turkmenistan adopted a new constitution that
supporters say will promote multi-party politics and
the market economy.

62. Political
• Government: defines itself as a secular
democracy and a presidential republic; in
actuality displays authoritarian presidential
rule, with power concentrated within the
presidential administration.
• Leaders: Separation of Powers:
– Judicial (Supreme Court)
– Legislative (National Assembly)
– Executive (President Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedow
and Cabinet of ministers appointed by pres.)

63. Overview of Economy
• Overview of Economy: largely desert country
with only economy existing with agriculture in
irrigated oases and a surplus of gas and oil
resources.
• GDP (Gross Domestic Product):
– Purchasing power party- $36.64 billion
– Official Exchange rate- $27.96 billion
– Real growth rate- 11%
– Per Capita (PPP)- $7,400

64. Economy
• Currency: Turkmen Manat (TMM)
• Industries: Natural Gas, textiles, food processing , carpet, and oil
• Exports: gas, crude oil, petrochemicals, textiles, and cotton fiber
• Imports: machinery and equipment, chemicals, and foodstuffs
• Trade Partners: Turkey, Ukraine, China, Russia, Hungary, United
Arab Emirates, Germany, Poland, Germany, Afghanistan, United
States, France, and Iran
• Trade Organizations: CIS (Commonwealth of Independent States)
and ECO (Economic Corporation Organization)
• Agricultural Products: cotton, grain; livestock
• Debt: $5 billion

65. Daily Life
• Standard of Living- decent; the small population of Turkmenistan does not
require extensive state investment for the basic requirements of survival
• Literacy Rate: Total 99.8%, Male 99.3%, Female 98.3%
• Clothing-:long, loose, and tunic style. According to the different level of
classes in society changes the quality of the clothing.
• Language: Turkmen
• Age Structure:
– 0-14 Ages: 27.5%
– 15-64 Ages: 68.4%
– 65 Ages and older: 4.1%
• Life Expectancy: Male: 65.57, Female 71.63
• Internet Usage:
– 1.5% of population
(74,962 people)

66. Cultural
• Traditions: In Customs: this is the
Turkmenistan weddings traditional dress
As the bride approaches
her future husband's
home she must take the
first step with the right
foot - otherwise, it is said
that there will be illness,
and quarrels troubles
within the in-laws
http://www.silkroadtreasuretours.com/turkmans-culture

67. Cultural cont…
• Religion: 89% Muslim, 9% Eastern Orthodox , 2% Unknown
• Foods: mutton, carrots, rice, manty (dumplings filled
ground beef), shurpa (meat and vegetable soup), pilav
(lamb carrots rice and onions)
• Music: The music of the nomadic and rural Turkmen people
is closely related to Kyrgyz and Kazakh folk forms.
Important musical traditions in Turkmen music include
traveling singers and shamans called bakshy, who act as
healers and magicians and sing either a cappella or with
instruments such as the two-stringed lute called dutar.
• Dance: Turkmen Kizi

68. Fun Facts
• The suffix “–stan” means “land of.” For
example Afghanistan land of the Afghans.
Turkmenistan the land of the Turkmens.
• Largest city and capital city Ashgabat.
• Official language of Turkmenistan is Turkmen.
• Turkmenistan ranks 5th in the world terms of
GDP growth rate.

69. Reaction to Japan
• No physical action but shocked and felt bad
for Japan.
• No physical action most likely due to lack of
money for themselves.

70. Wrap-Up
• Overall Turkmenistan is very valuable for its
resources and its gross domestic product is
very good due to this.
• My favorite thing of Turkmenistan is their
clothing. Their clothing is very elegant and fit
for the sun there.

71. Erich Schill Zimbabwe
http://www.dzimba.com/index.php/what-does-the-zimbabwe-flag-stand-for/

72. Country Map
http://www.nationsonline.org/oneworld/map/zimbabwe_map2.htm

73. Country Description
• Size: Total Area: 390, 757 sq km (150,872 sq mi)
– Land Area: 386, 847 sq km (149,362 sq mi)
– Water Area: 3,910 sq km (1,509 sq mi)
– Coastline 0
• Climate: Tropical; Higher altitude areas receive more rainfall and are
cooler than lower areas and vice versa. Also rainfall decreases from
east to west.
• Location: Southern Africa; bordering Botswana, Mozambique,
South Africa, Zambia
• Coordinates: 20 S, 30 E
• Population: 12, 084, 304 ranked 72nd in the world

74. Flag description
Green: the agriculture and rural areas of
Zimbabwe
Yellow: the wealth of minerals in the country
Red: the blood shed during the first and
second Chimurenga (wars)
Black: the heritage and ethnicity of the native
Africans of Zimbabwe
White Triangle: peace
Zimbabwe Bird: the national symbol of
Zimbabwe
Red Star: the nation's hopes and aspirations
for the future
•These colors are also used on the flag of the
ruling Zanu PF party.

75. Geographic Features
• Land Regions: Mashonaland Central Province, Mashonaland East Province
Matabeleland North Province, Matabeleland South Province, Masvingo
Province.
• Rivers: Major rivers include Zembezi, Mazoe, Sanyati, Sabi, and Limpopo
• Lakes: Kariba, Bumhururu, Chivero, Manuchi Dam, and Lake Mutirikwe
• The country is mostly savannah but the mountainous east supports
tropical evergreens and hardwood forests.
• Fauna: elephant
,lion, buffalo, gorilla, aardvark, fox, porcupine, badger, sable, anteater, ot
ter, hare, etc.
• Flora:
– Trees: mahogany trees, knobthorn trees, msasa trees, baobab trees
– Shrubs & Flowers: hibiscus, spider lily, leonotus, cassia, tree wisteria, and dombeya.

76. Point of Interest
Link
Ruins of Great Zimbabwe

77. Early History
• The Khoisan settle in 200 B.C
• During the Middle Ages the region was controlled by the
Bantu
• Later in the 10 century “Great Zimbabwe” thrived off of
gold trade with the Muslims
• Later in the 15th century Zimbabwe is made into a latter
kingdom one kingdom to the north and one to the south.
• In the 1850s the first British explorers arrived and named
“The Great Zimbabwe” as Rhodesia after Cecil Rhodes.
• In 1980 Rhodesia was a self-governed government with
trade restrictions by the British.
• Finally on April 17, 1980 the white minority elected Robert
Mugabe and gained their independence as “Zimbabwe.”

78. Impact on the World
• Zimbabwe hasn’t influenced the country to
much most likely due to the fact of it has only
existed for 31 years and that it is a pretty poor
country

79. Wars
• The Rhodesian Bush War AKA the Second
Chimurenga- civil war in the foreign country of
Rhodesia. The Rhodesian Government fought
against the Zimbabwe African National Union.
This war ultimately led to universal suffrage.
• WWI- The Rhodesia Native Regiment in the East
African Campaign fought for the British side or
the “Allies.”
• WWII- Served on behalf of the United Kingdom
on the Allies side.

80. Current Events
• One of the ministers in charge of Zimbabwe's
police has told the BBC she is in hiding for fear
she would be arrested as part of a state plot.
• Zimbabwe's Energy Minister Elton Mangoma has
been detained by police, for unspecified reasons.
• The European Union has eased sanctions on
Zimbabwe by removing 35 individuals from a list
of people affected by visa bans and asset freezes.

81. Political
• Government type: Parliamentary Democracy
• Government Leaders: Separation of Powers:
– Executive Branch-Chief of State Executive President Robert Gabriel Mugabe, Prime
Minister Morgan Tsvangirai, Cabinet appointed by the president and prime minister.
– Legislative Branch-Senate
– Judicial Branch- Supreme Court; High Court
Link

82. Economy
• Industries: mining
(coal, gold, platinum, copper, nickel, tin, diamonds, clay, numerous
metallic and nonmetallic ores), steel; wood
products, cement, chemicals, fertilizer, clothing and
footwear, foodstuffs, beverages
• Exports:
platinum, cotton, tobacco, gold, ferroalloys, textiles/clothing
• Imports: machinery and transport equipment, other
manufactures, chemicals, fuels, food products
• Economic Status: growing at a brisk pace despite political confusion.
Problems faced include large external debt burden and insufficient
formal employment
• Major Trade Partners: Democratic Republic of the Congo, South
Africa, Botswana , China, Zambia, Netherlands, UK
• Trade Associations: WTO (World Trade Organization

83. Daily Life
• Standard of Living: Desperate for the basic necessities of life
• Literacy Rate: total country 90.7%; Male 94.2%, and Female 87.2%
• Clothing:
– Women: traditional dresses of the women of Zimbabwe are decked up
with beautiful beads and large sized ornaments.
– Men: The main part of the male attires of Zimbabwe is the
“breastplate” which is also known as “Iporiyana” which is worn around
the neck. This is made of animal skin. The animal skin that is used to
make “Iporiyana” differs with tribes. However, the common are the
skin of hyena, and civet.
– Note that the people of Zimbabwe rarely wear the traditional clothing
and they have adopted the modern style clothing.
• Internet usage: 11.4%
0.114* 12,084, 304= 1,377,610 people
Link

84. Cultural
• Traditions: Use of totems and the use of the mbira (musical instrument) in
ceremonies.
• Customs: Mashiki Dancers and the mukanda (Circumcision Ceremony)
• Religions: syncretic (part Christian, part indigenous beliefs) 50%, Christian
25%, indigenous beliefs 24%, Muslim and other 1%
• Foods: Tiny dried fish called kapenta are a common snack. Another food is
biltong , which is sun-dried, salted meat cut into strips similar to beef
jerky. Beef or game, such as kudo and springbok (both members of the
antelope family), may be used.
• Music: folk, pop, rumba, soukuos, and rock and roll based on the mbira
• Dance: Mbira dance(ritual dance with mbira), Dinhe dance (religious
dance),Jerusarema and Muchongoyo dance (traditional dance with drums)
Mbira

85. Fun Facts
• Zimbabwe literally means “great houses of stone” derived
from the Shona language.
• The official language of Zimbabwe is English but Shona and
Sindebele are widely spoken.
• Capital city and largest city is Harare
• The armed forces of the country comprise of the Zimbabwe
National Army and the Air Force of Zimbabwe.
• Ethnic Groups: African 98% (Shona 82%, Ndebele 14%,
other 2%), mixed and Asian 1%, white less than 1%
• Nationality Zimbabwean
• Currency is Zimbabwe dollar 1 dollar= 100 cents

86. Reaction to Japan
• No physical action but shocked and felt bad
for Japan.
• No physical action most likely due to lack of
resources for themselves.

87. Wrap-Up
• Overall Zimbabwe is a country of poorness
suffering from illnesses such as HIV and AIDS ,
and are suffering economically due to this. They
do not have a large amount of money nor do they
have a lot necessities just to survive.
• I found it most interesting that Zimbabwe is
ranked number one in population growth rate.
This is most likely due because it is a young
country with a big area. However receiving a big
population can hurt the country by having
shortages on food etc.

88. Erich Schill United Arab Emirates
http://www.globosapiens.net/country/united-arab-emirates_flag.html

89. Country Map
Legend:
N
= City
W E
S = Capital
Link
http://www.lonelyplanet.com/maps/middle-east/united-arab-emirates/

90. Country Description
• Size:
– Total- 83,600 sq km (32,278 sq mi)
– Land- 83,600 sq km (32,278 sq mi)
– Water- 0 sq km
– Coastline- 1,318 km (819 mi)
• Climate: desert; cooler in higher altitudes such as mountains
• Location: Middle East; bordering Oman and Saudi Arabia
• Population: 5,148,664
• Coordinates: 24N and 50E
• Flag:
Green: Fertility
White: Neutrality
Black: Oil wealth
Red: Unity

91. Geographic Features-Land Regions
• Sharjah, Aj
man, Abu
Dhabi, Um
m al-
Quwain, Ra
s al-
Khaimah, D
ubai, and
Fujairah
Link

92. Geographic Features
• Rivers: there is not any important rivers in Zimbabwe due to it mostly
being desert. Mostly all of the water is received from Ocean destination
plants which covert saltwater to freshwater
• Lakes: “ .”
• Does not border any oceans or seas.
• Gulfs: Persian Golf and Golf of Oman
• Fauna: Fox, wolf, jackal, wildcat, lynx, vast
reptiles, gulls, flamingos, eagles, falcons, kites and owls.
• Flora: salt-loving vegetation of marshes and swamps, dwarf
mangroves, and desert plants.
Red Dwarf Mangrove Forest Kite (Bird)

93. Points of Interest
The Abu-Dhabi is a very beautiful place to visit
Link
For
All
Pictures
More sightseeing

94. Early History
• Back in 3000 B.C. agriculture in the region started with
control of the Magan civilization
• In 3rd century A.D. it came under control of the Sassanian
Empire followed by the Umayyads who introduced Islam in
the 7th century.
• Later the next documented event was the Portuguese
arriving in the 17th century A.D. followed by the British
• In 1892 it came under British rule after the Trucial Coast.
• In 1971, six of these states - Abu Zaby, 'Ajman, Al Fujayrah,
Ash Shariqah, Dubayy, and Umm al Qaywayn - merged to
form the United Arab Emirates (UAE). They were joined in
1972 by Ra's al Khaymah
• Independence day is 2 December 1971

95. Impact on the World
• United Arab Emirates became a founding
member of the GCC or Gulf Cooperation
Council. GCC was an economic alliance
directed against Iran.
Link

96. Wars
• Gulf War- war between the Coalition Forces and
Iraq/Ba’ath Party Loyalists. In this war United
Arab Emirates were part of the Coalition Forces.
They were part of the Arab League in the
Coalition Forces. Their role was to control the
Gulf. With this role they created the GCC.
• WWI- Back then, modern day parts of the United
Arab Emirates joined the Allied Side.
• WWII- back then the Trucial States fought for the
Allied Powers against the Axis. Also The Trucial
States were under British rule during that time.

97. Current Event Monday-
United Arab Emirates
http://www.uaeinteract.com/docs/UAE_updates_support_to_UN_resolution
_1973_/44931.htm
UAE updates support to UN resolution 1973
This article is describing how the United Arab Emirates Minister of Foreign
Affair's highness Sheikh Abdulla bin Zayed Al Nahyan stated that the
United Arab Emirates is fully engaged with humanitarian operations in
Libya. Included within the operations is the addition of six F-16 and six
Mirage aircraft to the impending no fly zone over Libya. Lastly he states
that these changes will take place in the coming days.

98. Political
• Government: “federation with specified powers
delegated to the UAE federal government and
other powers reserved to member emirates”-
Link
• Leaders: Separation of Powers:
– Executive Branch- President KHALIFA bin Zayid Al-
Nuhayyan , Prime Minister and Vice President
MUHAMMAD bin Rashid Al-Maktum
– Legislative Branch- FNC or unicameral Federal
National Conference
– Judicial Branch-Union Supreme Court appointed by
president

99. Economy
• Industry: textiles, fishing, aluminum, cement, boats and
boat building materials.
• Exports: crude oil, natural gas, reexports, dried fish, and
dates
• Imports: machinery and transportation equipment, food,
and chemicals
• Economic Status: UAE has an open economy with a high per
capita income.
• Major Trade Partners: Japan, South Korea, India, China, and
United States
• Trade Organizations: OPEC (Organization of the Petroleum
Exporting Countries) and WTO (World Trade Organizations)
•

100. Daily Life
• Standard of Living: United Arab Emirates’ population enjoy
a high standard of living because of their oil wealth.
• Literacy: total population 77.9%, male 76.1%, and female
81.7%
• Life Expectancy: total population 76 years, male 74
years, female 80 years.
• Clothing: Male; regular clothes include
trousers, shirt, jeans. Traditional clothes include
Egal, Guthra, Kundura Na-aal, or Woozer etc. Female;
regular clothes include shirt, trousers, or long skirt.
Traditional clothes include Abaya, Burqa, Gishwa, Gafaaz.
Descriptions of clothes
• Internet Usage: 65.2%
3,356,928 people

101. Cultural
• Traditions: for weddings the finalization of the wedding date marks the
beginning of the preparations for bride's grooming for her wedding. Also
during weddings she is not supposed to be seen for forty days other than
by her family. The marriage is more of contractual in nature rather than
being religious.
• Customs: shisha pipe smoking, men wear the dishdasha or khandura, a
white full-length shirt-dress
• Religions: Muslim 96% and others 4%.
• Foods: foods are served with different types of bread and a huge platter of
fresh salad and vegetables. Arabic Mezze, Kebab Kashkash, matchbous,
and coffee is very popular in the UAE
• Music: Folk music with drums, strong-beat music, and tambourines.
• Dance: dance accompanied with tambourines, girls dance by swinging
their black tresses and swaying their bodies to the strong beat of the
music, men re-enact battles fought or successful hunting expeditions

102. Fun Facts
• The Trucial states referred to the 19th-century
truce between the United Kingdom and
several Arab Sheikhs. Sheikhs is a word or
honorific term in the Arabic language that
literally means "Scholar".
• In the United Arab Emirates, firing squad is the
preferred method of execution.
• UAE’s currency is United Arab Emirates dirham
(AED)

103. Reaction to Japan
• No physical action but shocked and felt bad
for Japan.
• No physical action most likely due to lack of
resources for themselves.

104. Wrap-Up
• Overall the United Arab Emirates is a country
surviving off the foundation of their oil-wealth
and enjoys a good lifestyle due to it.
• The thing I liked the most about the United
Arab Emirates is there architecture that they
currently have as showed in Slide 100

105. Republic of the
Erich Schill Congo
http://tofocus.info/flag-of-Republic-of-the-Congo.php

106. http://www.africa.upenn.edu/Country_Specific/Congo.html
Erich Schill
Country Map
http://www.countryreports.org/Rep
ublic%20of%20the%20Congo.aspx

107. Country Description
• Size:
– Total Area: 342,000 sq km
– Land Area: 341, 500 sq km
– Water Area: 500 sq km
– Coastline: 169 km
• Climate: “tropical; rainy season (March to June); dry season (June to
October); persistent high temperatures and humidity; particularly
enervating climate astride the Equator”- Link
• Location: Western Africa; bordering Angola, Cameroon, Central African
Republic , Democratic Republic of the Congo , Gabon
• Population: 4,243,929
• Flag: Represents the official Pan-Africa colors

108. Geographic Features
• Land Regions: Bouenza, Brazzaville, Cuvette,
Kouilou, Lekoumou, Likouala, Niari, Plateaux,
Pool and Sangha
• Rivers: Aina River, Chiloango or Congo River,
Kouilou-Niari River, Nyanga River, Sangha
River, and Ubangi River
• Lakes: Lake Tele
• Oceans or Seas: bordersSouth Atlantic Ocean

109. Points of Interest
Temple Mosque National Museum of
Congo
http://www.tripadvisor.com/Attraction_Review http://www.tripadvisor.com/Loca
-g294189-d481230-Reviews- tionPhotos-g294189-d481230-
Musee_National_du_Congo_National_Museu Musee_National_du_Congo_Nati
m_of_Congo-Brazzaville.html onal_Museum_of_Congo-
Brazzaville.html

110. Early History
• The early history was based on the
Kongo, Loango, and the Teke. Kong was in the
14th century with the Portuguese. The Loango
lasted up to the 1800s when they prohibited
slave trade. Teke (Middle Congo) lasted up to the
1833.
• Then the first European settlers were the
Portuguese.
• These were the basis of the early history of the
Republic of the Congo. However the Republic of
the Congo became independent on April 15,1960.

111. Impact on the World
• The Congo contributed to the creation of the
ECOSOC (Economic and Social Council)
http://www.habitaticingenclik.org.tr/en/uyelikler.asp

112. Wars
• WWI- In world war I the Congo was affiliated
with Portuguese causing them to be part of
the Allied Powers.
• WWII- in WWII The Republic of the Congo was
the Belgian Congo and was taken under
German rule early in the war. So the Republic
of the Congo in WWII were part of the Axis.

113. Current Events
• “The Mbendjele people of Congo-Brazzaville
are using the latest satellite mapping
technology to stake claim to a rainforest, two-
thirds of which may be gone in 50 years.”
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/from_our_own_correspondent/7028445.stm
• “In the so-called "scramble" by European
powers for the mineral wealth, the rubber and
ivory and the territories of Africa at the end of
the 19th Century, Italy didn't come out terribly
well.”
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/5370744.stm

114. Political
• Government: Republic
• Government Leaders:
– Executive: President Denis Sassou-Nguesso is
head of gov. and chief of state, Council of
ministers appointed by President
– Legislative: bicameral, Senate and National
Assembly
– Judicial: Supreme Court

115. Economy
• Industries: petroleum extraction, cement, lumber,
brewing, sugar, palm oil, soap, flour, cigarette
• Exports: petroleum, lumber, plywood, sugar,
cocoa, coffee, diamonds
• Imports: capital equipment, construction
materials, foodstuffs
• Economic Status: the economy is bad however
the oil industry is keeping the country alive
• Major Trade Partners: United States, France, and
China

116. Daily Life
• Standard of Living: not great due to low wages and a labor force of only 1.514 million.
• Literacy Rate: total 83.8%, male 89.6%, female 78.4%
• Life Expectancy:
– Average: 55 years
– Male: 54 years
– Female: 56 years
• Clothing: “Whether a person has means or not, people in the street, the market, and in offices can
be seen in pressed, colorful, hand-made clothing. Bous-Bous, the colorful strips of cotton cloth
essential to any Central or West African wardrobe, can be dressed up or down. They also are used
as head wraps and turbans by Congolese women. Office workers and bureaucrats in the cities dress
much the same as they do in the West. “
Read more: Congolese - Introduction, Location, Language, Folklore, Religion, Major holidays, Rites
of passage, Relationships, Living conditions http://www.everyculture.com/wc/Brazil-to-Congo-
Republic-of/Congolese.html#ixzz1HqeLR5rG
• Internet Usage:
Link

117. Cultural
• Named the Congolese
• Traditions: family members arrange marriages; after a marriage a
ritual is performed representing the bride’s virginity; After a divorce
the man can ask for the bride price back.
• Customs: Legal code states that 30% of a husband’s estate must go
to his widow, average woman bears five children
• Religions: Christian 50%, Animist 48%, and Muslim 2%
• Foods: bananas, cassava, peanuts, coffee, cocoa, taro and
pineapples.
• Music: instruments such as drums, guitar, sanzi (wooden box with
metal teeth
• Dance: rooted in ritual dancing; dances celebrate child birth, rites of
passage, a successful harvest or preparation for war.

118. Fun Facts
• Capital city and largest city is Brazzaville
• You must be 18 years or older to serve on
army and woman are allowed to serve also.
• The Internet country code is .cg.
• There are 42 internet hosts in the Congo
• Former names include the Middle
Congo, Congo/Brazzaville, Congo

119. Reaction to Japan
• No physical action but shocked and felt bad
for Japan.
• No physical action most likely due to lack of
resources for themselves.

120. Wrap-Up
• Overall the Congo in my opinion is a poor
country striving to be successful. There are
not very great economically but they do have
a good oil supply that makes money for them
so they can survive economically.
• My favorite part of the Congo is their
landmarks. Their sights and preservation of
the culture is very interesting and neat. When
I grow up I would like to visit these places.

121. • Colombia
Bibliography
– http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colombia • Turkmenistan
– https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world- – http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/country_profiles/1298497.stm
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mbia
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122. Bibliography cont…
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world-factbook/geos/cg.html and
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