69 valves
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The document describes the operation of valves in an internal combustion engine. The camshaft opens the intake, exhaust, and sometimes starting valves using rocker arms connected to pushrods. The camshaft is driven by the crankshaft via gearwheels or a chain. The rocker arms push on the valve stems to open the valves against the force of springs, allowing air/fuel mixture or exhaust gases to enter or exit the engine cylinders.
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This document discusses different components of ship propulsion and steering systems. It describes three main types of rudders - balanced, unbalanced, and semi-balanced rudders. It also discusses propeller types, including fixed pitch and controllable pitch propellers. Key factors to consider when designing a propeller are discussed as well, such as shaft revolutions, number of blades, wake conditions, diameter, blade area, and geometry.
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The document discusses different types of diesel engines used in maritime applications. It describes slow-speed, medium-speed, and high-speed diesel engines. Slow-speed engines are used in large vessels and run on inexpensive heavy fuel oil. Medium-speed engines are used for electrical generation and ship propulsion. High-speed engines are used in small, maneuverable vessels but consume fuel quickly. The document also discusses in-line and V-engines, trunk and crosshead engines, two-stroke and four-stroke engine cycles, valve mechanisms, reversing engines, and shaft configurations.
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Rudders are used in ships to achieve a change in direction from the current path. This ppt is gives details of the types of rudders used
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1. The transmission system connects the engine to the wheels through components like the clutch, transmission, transfer case, propeller shaft, differential, and gears.
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The document provides an overview of propellers, including:
1) A propeller converts rotational power from an engine into thrust by generating an aerodynamic lift force through its rotating blades, similar to how an airplane wing passes through air. Additional factors like trailing vortices and compressibility also affect propeller performance.
2) Propeller types include fixed pitch, variable pitch, constant RPM, feathering, and reverse pitch propellers. Variable pitch propellers can adjust their blade angle to maintain a constant RPM despite changing loads. Feathering propellers angle their blades parallel to airflow to reduce drag.
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DESIGN ANALYSIS OF UNIVERSAL JOINT SHAFT FOR ROLLING MILLS
The properties of steels made by rolling of billets
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joint shaft through which the power is transmitted to the
rollers of a mill. This report mainly focuses on the
analysis of universal joint shaft for rolling mills because this
shaft is subjected to vibrations caused due to the jerk
produced during the passing of billet through the rollers.
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The universal joint allows the driveshaft to flex due to suspension movement while still transmitting torque at different angles. It comes in variable velocity and constant velocity types, with the most common being the cross type, ring type, and ball and turnion type variable velocity joints. The universal joint is constructed of a steel cross with needle bearings in caps on each end and a grease fitting for lubrication. One universal joint is attached to each end of the driveshaft and sometimes a third is used on heavy duty vehicles or older 4WD vehicles. Wear, lack of lubrication, and excessive wear can cause noises, vibration and breaking of the universal joint.
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- Brake Horsepower (BHP): Power output at the engine shaft before reduction gears.
- Shaft Horsepower (SHP): Power output after the reduction gears.
- Delivered Horsepower (DHP): Power delivered to the propeller.
- Thrust Horsepower (THP): Power created by the screw/propeller after losses.
It then discusses propeller types, key parts like the hub and blades, and terminology such as diameter, pitch, revolutions per minute, and whether a propeller is right-handed or left-handed. The
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This document discusses the transmission system in an automobile. It begins by defining a transmission as the mechanism that transmits power from the engine crankshaft to the rear wheels. It then outlines the main types of transmissions: manual, automatic, semi-automatic, and continuously variable. For manual transmissions, the key components are described as the clutch, gearbox, and differential. The document goes on to explain the construction and function of clutches, gear ratios in gearboxes, and the types of gearboxes including constant mesh, synchromesh, and sliding mesh. It concludes by defining differentials and their purpose in providing different speeds to tires during cornering.
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Pumps & pumping systems
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69 valves
- 1. mu
- 2. The air induction valve, the exhaust valve and in some cases the starting-air valve are opened by the rocking lever. SOUND
- 3. The camshaft is actuated by the crankshaft by means of gearwheels or chaindrive.
- 4. The pushrod (1) is actuated by the campeak (2). 1 2
- 5. The rocking lever (or rocker arm) is actuated by the pushrod (1)
- 6. 1) Valve spring; 2) Valve stem; 3) Valve disc; 4) Valve seat. 1 2 3 4 S Rocking lever The valve is actuated by the rocking lever.
- 7. The spaces in the cylinder head and the space between the cylinder jacket (1) and cylinder liner(2) is cooled by fresh water. SOUND 12
- 8. C P.C. van Kluijven SHIPPING AND TRANSPORT COLLEGE ROTTERDAM