This document provides an overview of a workshop on improving responses to youth involved in or at risk of involvement in the juvenile justice system. The workshop will feature presenters discussing strategies to decriminalize behaviors of homeless youth, engage youth to promote safety and stability, and help youth with criminal records navigate systems to access housing, employment, and services. Approximately 30% of homeless youth served by one organization had contact with the juvenile justice system. Homeless youth are vulnerable to criminal justice involvement due to behaviors related to living on the streets, untreated mental health issues, drug use, and risk of sexual exploitation. Youth released from juvenile facilities also face challenges including homelessness.
BREAKING THE SILENCE AROUND SEXTORTION: THE LINKS BETWEEN POWER, SEX AND C...Δρ. Γιώργος K. Κασάπης
Sexual extortion or “sextortion” occurs when those entrusted with power use it to sexually exploit those dependent on that power. It is a gendered form of corruption that occurs in both developed and developing countries, affecting children and adults, vulnerable individuals (such as undocumented migrants crossing borders) and established professionals. While evidence shows that women are disproportionally targeted, men, transgender and gender non-conforming people are also affected.
Sextortion has long been a silent form of corruption, hiding in plain view. Until recently, it was never discussed or recognised as a distinct phenomenon within either the corruption framework or the framework of gender-based violence. Lacking a name, sextortion remained largely invisible, and few research projects, laws or strategies were developed to address it. Barriers to reporting sextortion and obtaining effective redress further contributed to its low profile. As a result, researchers have failed to ask survivors/victims the right questions to properly understand sextortion; statistical systems lack the appropriate categories to register the few cases that go to court, and complaints have been poorly handled. The result has been that survivors/victims have largely been denied justice.
This Transparency International report assesses the state of knowledge about the links between corruption and sextortion. It presents evidence on the prevalence of sextortion and the existing legal frameworks to address it, and it proposes recommendations for how to tackle it.
How do criminals decide to commit a crime? Do they even think about the risks and benefits? Why do some commit crimes regardless of the consequences? These are some questions we often ask for ourselves because of the growing number of crimes happening in the society today.
Child Sexual Exploitation of Children, CSEC Advocacy ProjectAlexandra Rupp
We define sexual exploitation as rape, abuse, and violence against children, in which 1.6 million youth did NOT “choose “ to be a victim. Alameda County has the 2nd largest population of Commercially Sexually Exploited Children and youth where every two minutes a child is being groomed for sexual exploitation (PCWTA). These numbers represent the amount of CSEC victims we serve, typically without knowing. The traumatic and adverse experiences commonly occurring in our communities, put our children at higher risk for being coerced, manipulated, and forced into sexual exploitation and human trafficking. A trafficker knows what to look for—and so should we. To protect our children, we must increase our awareness and understanding of CSEC in order to effectively prevent, respond, and restore. CSEC is on the rise and while it’s happening all around us, most of us don’t see it. Help us make child sex trafficking and commercial sexual exploitation visible, so we can end it. Because every child is too valuable to be bought and sold!
Human trafficking posted version march 2016Les Ford
The business community has a significant role to play in advancing progress towards ending human trafficking, including all forms of forced labor and sex trafficking, which are the 21st century’s manifestation of slavery. Learn to spot it, report it and stop it. Especially if you travel you can learn to spot victims in airports, train stations and hotels.
Causes, Consequences and Remedies of Juvenile Delinquency in the Context of S...Premier Publishers
This research work was designed to examine nature of juvenile offences committed by juveniles, causes of juvenile delinquency, consequences of juvenile delinquency and remedies for juvenile delinquency in the context of Sub-Saharan Africa with specific reference to Eritrea. Left unchecked, juvenile delinquents on the streets engage in petty theft, take alcohol or drugs, rape women, rob people at night involve themselves in criminal gangs and threaten the public at night. To shed light on the problem of juvenile delinquency in the Sub-Saharan region data was collected through primary and secondary sources. A sample size of 70 juvenile delinquents was selected from among 112 juvenile delinquents in remand at the Asmara Juvenile Rehabilitation Center in the Eritrean capital. The study was carried out through coded self-administered questionnaires administered to a sample of 70 juvenile delinquents. The survey evidence indicates that the majority of the juvenile respondents come either from families constructed by unmarried couples or separated or divorced parents where largely the father is missing in the home or dead. The findings also indicate that children born out of wedlock, families led by single mothers, lack of fatherly role models, poor parental-child relationships and negative peer group influence as dominant causes of juvenile infractions. The implication is that broken and stressed families are highly likely to be the breeding grounds for juvenile delinquency. The survey evidence indicates that stealing, truancy or absenteeism from school, rowdy or unruly behavior at school, free-riding in public transportation, damaging the book of fellow students and beating other young persons are the most common forms of juvenile offenses. It is therefore, recommended that parents and guardians should exercise proper parental supervision and give adequate care to transmit positive societal values to children. In addition, the government, the police, prosecution and courts, non-government organizations, parents, teachers, religious leaders, education administrators and other stakeholders should develop a child justice system that strives to prevent children from entering deeper into the criminal justice process.
Bad bad teacher! How judicial lenience, cultural ignorance, and media hype have inevitably lead to lighter sentences, underreporting and glamorization of female sex offenders - By: Stephanie S. Reidlinger
BREAKING THE SILENCE AROUND SEXTORTION: THE LINKS BETWEEN POWER, SEX AND C...Δρ. Γιώργος K. Κασάπης
Sexual extortion or “sextortion” occurs when those entrusted with power use it to sexually exploit those dependent on that power. It is a gendered form of corruption that occurs in both developed and developing countries, affecting children and adults, vulnerable individuals (such as undocumented migrants crossing borders) and established professionals. While evidence shows that women are disproportionally targeted, men, transgender and gender non-conforming people are also affected.
Sextortion has long been a silent form of corruption, hiding in plain view. Until recently, it was never discussed or recognised as a distinct phenomenon within either the corruption framework or the framework of gender-based violence. Lacking a name, sextortion remained largely invisible, and few research projects, laws or strategies were developed to address it. Barriers to reporting sextortion and obtaining effective redress further contributed to its low profile. As a result, researchers have failed to ask survivors/victims the right questions to properly understand sextortion; statistical systems lack the appropriate categories to register the few cases that go to court, and complaints have been poorly handled. The result has been that survivors/victims have largely been denied justice.
This Transparency International report assesses the state of knowledge about the links between corruption and sextortion. It presents evidence on the prevalence of sextortion and the existing legal frameworks to address it, and it proposes recommendations for how to tackle it.
How do criminals decide to commit a crime? Do they even think about the risks and benefits? Why do some commit crimes regardless of the consequences? These are some questions we often ask for ourselves because of the growing number of crimes happening in the society today.
Child Sexual Exploitation of Children, CSEC Advocacy ProjectAlexandra Rupp
We define sexual exploitation as rape, abuse, and violence against children, in which 1.6 million youth did NOT “choose “ to be a victim. Alameda County has the 2nd largest population of Commercially Sexually Exploited Children and youth where every two minutes a child is being groomed for sexual exploitation (PCWTA). These numbers represent the amount of CSEC victims we serve, typically without knowing. The traumatic and adverse experiences commonly occurring in our communities, put our children at higher risk for being coerced, manipulated, and forced into sexual exploitation and human trafficking. A trafficker knows what to look for—and so should we. To protect our children, we must increase our awareness and understanding of CSEC in order to effectively prevent, respond, and restore. CSEC is on the rise and while it’s happening all around us, most of us don’t see it. Help us make child sex trafficking and commercial sexual exploitation visible, so we can end it. Because every child is too valuable to be bought and sold!
Human trafficking posted version march 2016Les Ford
The business community has a significant role to play in advancing progress towards ending human trafficking, including all forms of forced labor and sex trafficking, which are the 21st century’s manifestation of slavery. Learn to spot it, report it and stop it. Especially if you travel you can learn to spot victims in airports, train stations and hotels.
Causes, Consequences and Remedies of Juvenile Delinquency in the Context of S...Premier Publishers
This research work was designed to examine nature of juvenile offences committed by juveniles, causes of juvenile delinquency, consequences of juvenile delinquency and remedies for juvenile delinquency in the context of Sub-Saharan Africa with specific reference to Eritrea. Left unchecked, juvenile delinquents on the streets engage in petty theft, take alcohol or drugs, rape women, rob people at night involve themselves in criminal gangs and threaten the public at night. To shed light on the problem of juvenile delinquency in the Sub-Saharan region data was collected through primary and secondary sources. A sample size of 70 juvenile delinquents was selected from among 112 juvenile delinquents in remand at the Asmara Juvenile Rehabilitation Center in the Eritrean capital. The study was carried out through coded self-administered questionnaires administered to a sample of 70 juvenile delinquents. The survey evidence indicates that the majority of the juvenile respondents come either from families constructed by unmarried couples or separated or divorced parents where largely the father is missing in the home or dead. The findings also indicate that children born out of wedlock, families led by single mothers, lack of fatherly role models, poor parental-child relationships and negative peer group influence as dominant causes of juvenile infractions. The implication is that broken and stressed families are highly likely to be the breeding grounds for juvenile delinquency. The survey evidence indicates that stealing, truancy or absenteeism from school, rowdy or unruly behavior at school, free-riding in public transportation, damaging the book of fellow students and beating other young persons are the most common forms of juvenile offenses. It is therefore, recommended that parents and guardians should exercise proper parental supervision and give adequate care to transmit positive societal values to children. In addition, the government, the police, prosecution and courts, non-government organizations, parents, teachers, religious leaders, education administrators and other stakeholders should develop a child justice system that strives to prevent children from entering deeper into the criminal justice process.
Bad bad teacher! How judicial lenience, cultural ignorance, and media hype have inevitably lead to lighter sentences, underreporting and glamorization of female sex offenders - By: Stephanie S. Reidlinger
Diversion is helping a household that cannot remain in its current housing to enter alternative housing rather than shelter. With the advent of HPRP, more and more communities are using diversion to avert homelessness. This workshop will profile some diversion programs and their outcomes and lessons learned. Speakers will discuss more specifically how HPRP housing relocation services can be used to divert households from entering shelter.
Presented by Bob Pulster.
1.2: Building Blocks: Planning a Family Homelessness System
This workshop is for those interested in how to make their community’s family homelessness programs into an efficient system. For state and local officials, planners, advocates, and leaders of provider agencies, this session will cover reducing fragmentation and organizing a family system that gets results. This workshop will discuss how a well-planned family homelessness system can produce more effective prevention, shorter spells of homelessness, and minimized consequences of homelessness for families.
6.5 The Role of Faith Based Providers
Speaker: Claas Ehlers
It can be challenging to ensure that all of the key players are participants in the planning and implementation of community initiatives to end homelessness. This workshop will explore how to engage and work with faith-based providers who are key providers of services and transitional housing. Part of the discourse will include looking at philosophical differences among organizations as well as different service models and how they can be combined into a cohesive community response.
Getting the resources that are needed to end homelessness will require advocacy that can effectively elevate homelessness to a key policy priority. This workshop, for state captains and outcome-oriented advocates, will provide attendees with the skills to impact policy by:
- establishing long-term relationships with policymakers;
- leading productive meetings with policymakers;
- developing powerful messages for a range of key stakeholders.
Problem Evaluation Paper 1Problem Evaluation Paper .docxsleeperharwell
Problem Evaluation Paper 1
Problem Evaluation Paper
Alexis Lucca
CJA/355
04/11/2016
Gerald Norris
Problem Evaluation Paper
2
Problem Evaluation Paper
Criminal justice can be said to be the system of governmental institutions and practices
aimed at holding up social control, crime mitigation and deterring, for example giving penalties
to criminals and also rehabilitating them. The career mostly falls in between legal and law
enforcement. Law enforcement is the ones dealing with the criminal behavior causes and societal
response to crime, for example, criminology, and forensic psychology. Policing also falls in this
category. The current issue in the criminal justice field is The Punishment and Criminalization of
young people and children (Martin & Philbin, 1980).
Many children aged 13 and 14 years in the United States who have undergone the
prosecution for adults had continued being sentenced to life imprisonment with no signs of
parole. However, the juveniles continue to being imprisoned despite the fact that their sentence is
unconstitutional hence leading to their death with no review and scrutiny or follow up.
According to (EJI) Equal Justice Initiative undertook in the year 2008, about seventy-three cases
showing that juveniles have died in prison through condemnation followed by minimal review
have been documented. The courts did not consider that the children were young making the
sentences imposed on them mandatory. Most of the children were combined with the crimes
which had been committed by adults and old teenagers leading to the involvement of two-thirds
of children of a younger age (Goodman & Grimming, 2007).
The difference between older teens and young children should then be observed. Below
are then some problems which make this situation to keep on growing. Influence from
dysfunctional backgrounds. This is because of exposure to violence, like mostly most of them
have been subjected to sexual abuse; they have been abandoned or have even been neglected.
Secondly, their parents are drug and dealers, addicts, sex workers and alcoholics. This then
Problem Evaluation Paper
3
makes it clear that these children have been brought up in poor places with lethal violence, where
their parents were not able to afford safety, health and luxuries that every child would require.
It was therefore brought into conclusion by Oklahoma that when a person is a youth,
they are vulnerable to psychological damage and influence, and this has been taken to be more
than a chronological fact. Moreover, the children who have gone through this have some things
in common which disturb them. Protection and treatment from health care providers, police
failure, foster systems, family courts and security agencies of young children. Most of the crimes
committed by these children are mostly.
Running Head JUVENILE PROSTITUTIONJUVENILE PROSTITUTION.docxcowinhelen
Running Head: JUVENILE PROSTITUTION
JUVENILE PROSTITUTION
Juvenile Prostitution
Human Development and Environments
Name
University Of xxxxxx
Abstract
Juvenile prostitution has disastrous effects to the mental, social, and physical development of a child. The paper explores the causes, effects, and prevention approaches that will eliminate juvenile prostitution. The research will use eco-developmental theory provides a premise for exploring the investigation on juvenile prostitution. Effort need to focus on broadening the prevention programs that are community based that helps to identify vulnerable children before they end up on the streets. The paper will provide stakeholders with an opportunity to understand the gravity of juvenile prostitution and develop appropriate interventions.
Background
In many conventions and tourist cities, child prostitution is rampant and growing at an alarming rate. According to the federal bureau of investigation, Atlanta tops among the cities with the highest number of children who engage in prostitution. There are concerted efforts of religious groups, lawmakers, and advocates for juvenile justice in the state. These efforts have not been fruitful since there is less focus on a lasting solution to the problem. Critics argue that efforts should be providing a sustainable program that will prevent vulnerable children from taking part in the vice. There has been a focus on increasing penalties for offenders without addressing the cause of the problem. Despite the stringent laws and penalties, the vice has continued to thrive. It is critical to note that efforts should be placed on developing treatment programs that help children who are sexually exploited. The efforts need to focus on broadening the prevention programs that are community-based that contribute to identify vulnerable children before they end up on the streets.
Introduction
Juvenile prostitution is an issue of concern in the society since it fuels human trafficking, kidnapping, serial rape, abuse of human rights, and exploitation. Most of these children are lured or abducted by traffickers who brand them or beaten into submission. Those that try to get away are either killed or tortured. Review of foster care is imperatives since many of these children are raped and abused in these placements. It is imperative to note that these children decide to run away since foster-care homes are inhabitable (Plumridge & Abel, 2001). It is imperative that the discourse should be placed on the role of child welfare systems since they have failed to identify children who are trafficked for sex. Even in their knowledge on the existence of these problems, the child welfare systems argue that the responsibility is outside their jurisdiction and purview. The argument is that the perpetrators of the vices are not caregivers or parents; thus, they shift the responsibility to law enforcement officers. Breggin (2008) says, “These children are not ...
This presentations by Carl Falconer is from the workshop 3.03 Implementing Effective Governance to End Homelessness from the 2015 National Conference on Ending Homelessness.
Effective governance sets the tone for a systemic focus on ending homelessness. Speakers will discuss the essential elements of effective governance, including managing and measuring performance and right-sizing the crisis response system through resource allocation.
Slides from a presentations by Cynthia Nagendra of the National Alliance to End Homelessness from a webinar that originally streamed on Tuesday, April 7, 2015 covering steps one and three of the Alliance's "5 Steps for Ending Veteran Homelessness" document.
"Housing First and Youth" by Stephen Gaetz from the workshop 4.6 Housing and Service Models for Homeless Youth at the 2014 National Conference on Ending Homelessness.
Frontline Practice within Housing First Programs by Benjamin Henwood from the workshop 5.9 Research on the Efficacy of Housing First at the 2014 National Conference on Ending Homelessness.
Rapid Re-Housing with DV Survivors: Approaches that Work by Kris Billhardt from the workshop Providing Rapid Re-housing for Victims of Domestic Violence at the 2014 National Conference on Ending Homelessness.
Non-chronic Adult Homelessness: Background and Opportunities by Dennis Culhane from the workshop 1.7 Non-Chronic Homelessness among Single Adults: An Overview at the 2014 National Conference on Ending Homelessness
California’s Approach for Implementing the Federal Fostering Connections to Success Ac by Lindsay Elliott from
5.8 Ending Homelessness for Youth Aging Out of Foster Care at the 2014 National Conference on Ending Family and Youth Homelessness.
Family Reunification Pilot, Alameda County, CA from the work shop 6.1 Partnering with Child Welfare Agencies to End Family Homelessness at the 2013 National Conference on Ending Homelessness.
Improving Homeless Assistance Through Learning Collaboratives by Elains De Coligny and Kathie Barkow from the 2013 National Conference on Ending Homelessness
Shelter diversion by Ed Boyte from 6.5 Maximizing System Effectiveness through Homelessness Prevention from the 2013 National Conference on Ending Homelessness
"Evaluating Philadelphia’s Rapid Re-Housing Impacts on Housing Stability and Income," by Jamie Vanasse Taylor Cloudburst and Katrina Pratt-Roebuck from the 2013 National Conference on Ending Homelessness/.
More from National Alliance to End Homelessness (20)
Evaluating Philadelphia’s Rapid Re-Housing Impacts on Housing Stability and I...
6.8 Adrienne Fernandes Alcantara
1. National Alliance to End Homelessness
National Conference on Ending Homelessness, July 2011
Workshop Improving the Response to Youth In and Out of the Juvenile Justice System
Friday July 15, 2011, 930a-11a
Adrienne Fernandes-Alcantara, Congressional Research Service
Many homeless youths have been involved with the juvenile justice system, or are at risk of
involvement. Presenters will profile strategies to de-criminalize behavior of youth living on the
street, engage youth to promote safety and stability, and identify mentors within and outside of
the juvenile justice system. They will also cover methods of helping youth with records navigate
systems in order to get housing, employment, legal, and service needs met.
Good Morning. I am Adrienne Fernandes-Alcantara, an analyst in youth policy with the
Congressional Research Service, the policy research arm of Congress. Our mission is to provide
timely, objective, and non-partisan support to Congress throughout the legislative process. My
work focuses on youth development, runaway and homeless youth, youth “aging out” of foster
care, and missing and exploited children, including children who are victims of sex trafficking.
Today’s panel focuses on the involvement of homeless youth with the juvenile and criminal
justice systems. This includes homeless youth who are at risk of entering the juvenile and
criminal justice system because they are living on the streets or another nonpermanent place. It
also includes youth who are leaving the juvenile and criminal justice systems and become
homeless. Before I introduce the panel, I’m going to provide a brief overview of youth involved
in both systems.
First, there are not a lot of good data on the number or share of youth who have been engaged in
both systems. Covenant House in New York City reports that approximately 30 percent of the
youth they serve have been detained or incarcerated (New York City Association, 2005).
Homeless youth are vulnerable to having contact with the juvenile and criminal justice both
because their involvement in crime and their public presence in places like parks and street
corners. Police often focus their patrols on areas where the homeless congregate and may arrest
youth for illegal but noncriminal activities such as sleeping in a public setting or loitering (Hagan
and McCarthy). As we’ll hear today from one of the panelists, running away is still considered a
criminal offense in some location.
Homeless youth are also vulnerable to having contact with police because of untreated mental
health disorders. One study concluded that homeless youth had significantly higher rates of
disruptive behavior disorders (Robertson and Toro). Drug use is also prevalent among the
homeless youth population. A study by the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services
Administration (SAMHSA) found that nearly 30% had used marijuana and almost one-quarter
used any illicit drug other than marijuana (SAMHSA, 2004). Mental health concerns and drug
abuse can make homeless youth more visible to police.
Homeless youth are also vulnerable to sexual abuse and exploitation. Runaway and homeless
youth may be perceived as easy targets for pimps/traffickers because they often cannot go home
and have few resources. One national study of homeless youth found that approximately 28% of
street youth and 10% of youth in shelters reported selling sex to generate money for basic needs
--often referred to as survival sex (Ringwalt and Green, 1998).Those youth under the age of 18
2. would be considered victims of sex trafficking if they had sex with an adult in exchange for basic
provisions. (Shared Hope International, 2009). The Dallas Police Department is focusing efforts
on recovering child victims of trafficking and prosecuting their traffickers. The department has
found a strong correlation between sex trafficking and runaway status: the more times a child
runs away, the greater the likelihood that he or she will be victimized by a sex trafficker. (Shared
Hope)
Further, some youth resort to illegal activity including stealing, forcibly entering a residence, and
selling drugs. Youth often report engaging in these behaviors as part of their strategy for
surviving on the streets.
In addition to homeless youth coming to the attention of law enforcement, youthful offenders
may became homeless. Every year, approximately 200,000 juveniles and young adults ages 10 to
24 years are released from secure detention or correctional facilities and reenter their
communities. They face significant challenges to reentry, including mental health and substance
abuse disorders and returning to communities with high rates of poverty, unemployment, and
crime. Some return to homes that are not supportive. Other youth are precluded from returning
home because of policies that prohibit individuals who have been convicted of certain drug
offenses and other crimes from living in public or Section 8 housing. These youth are vulnerable
to becoming homeless or participating in other activities that could lead to their re-arrest (Toro
and Dworksy, 2007).
Having contact with the juvenile and criminal justice system can lead to formal sanctions that
include imprisonment, which can further limit youth’s prospects for gaining employment, getting
off the street, and making a successful transition to adulthood.
Patti Puritz, the Executive Director of the National Juvenile Defender Center, will start off the
panel, and will talk further about the long-term consequences that youth with a juvenile or
criminal record can face. She will also address the ways that runaway and homeless youth
providers can assist homeless youth with criminal and related issues.
Next we will hear from Katheryn Preston, the Executive Director of the Georgia Alliance to End
Homelessness, about efforts in Georgia to decriminalize running away. Katheryn and other
advocates in the state helped to pass the Runaway Youth Safety Act.
Finally, Steven Samra, a Recovery Specialist with the Center for Social Innovation, will speak.
Steven is based in Nashville and provides street outreach with youth and adults. Steven will talk
from personal and professional experience about the challenges for homeless young people in
surviving on the street and interacting with the police.
Cited research:
J.M. Greene and C.L. Ringwalt, “Pregnancy among three national samples of runaway and
homeless youth,” Journal of Adolescent Health 23, 370-377, 1998.
P. Toro, A. Dworsky, and P. Fowler, Homeless Youth in the United States: Recent Research
Findings and Intervention Approaches, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, U.S.
Department of Housing and Urban Development, 2007.
Substance Abuse and Mental Health Administration, “Substance Use among Youths Who Had
Run Away from Home,” The NSUDH Report, July 2, 2004.
3. New York City Association of Homeless and Street-Involved Youth Organizations. State of the
City's Homeless Youth Report, 2005.
C. Smith, S. Vardaman, and M. Snow, The National Report on Domestic Minor Sex Trafficking:
America's Prostituted Children; Shared Hope International, 2009.