This document provides an overview of crime and violence. It begins by defining crime and describing different types of crimes and criminals. It then discusses the four main categories of violence: homicides, assault, rape, and domestic violence. The document outlines different types of crimes such as violent personal crimes, occasional property crimes, occupational/white-collar crimes, corporate crimes, public-order crimes, organized crime, consensual crime, and hate crimes. It also discusses biological explanations of crime and how factors like gender and age relate to crime rates. Finally, it covers approaches to controlling crime through rehabilitation, prevention, and social policy reforms.

1. Crime and
Violence
Alejandro Bulan Jr.

2.  Describe the definition of crime and violence
 Understand the different types of crime and
criminals
 Cite the four main categories of violence
 Biological explanations of crime
Learning Outcomes

3. BRAINTEASER

4. 1. HOW MANY LETTERS ARE INTHE ALPHABET?

5. Answer : 11 letters
“THE ALPHABET”

6. 2. George,
Helen, and
Steve are
drinking coffee.
Bert, Karen,
and Dave are
drinking soda.
Using logic, is
Elizabeth
drinking coffee
or soda?

7. Answer :
Elizabeth drinking coffee. The letter E
appears twice in her name as it does in
the names of the others that are drinking
coffee.

8. 3. A woman shoots her husband.Then she holds
him under water for over 5 minutes. Finally, she
hangs him.
But 5 minutes later, they both going out
together and enjoy a wonderful dinner together.
How can this be?

9. Answer :
A woman was a photographer. She shot a
picture of her husband, developed it, and
hung it up to dry.

11. Answer :
First he lost his job, then he lost his
house, car and finally he lost his girlfriend.

13. Answer :
Her life

14. Introduction
• Americans consistently rank crime among the
most serious social problems.
• It is extremely difficult to measure actual rates of
crime.
• The early 1970s showed a rapid increase in crime,
followed by a leveling off in the 1980s and
substantial decrease in the 1990s,
• The extent of the nation's crime problem is
measured by the crime index.

15. The Nature of Crime
• Definition of the term crime
» Crime is any act or omission
of an act
for which the state can apply
sanctions

16. Violence
 an act of physical force that causes
or is intended to cause harm.
 The damage inflicted by violence
may be physical, psychological, or
both.
https://www.britannica.com/topic/violence

17. •
Four main Categories of Violence
• Homicides
• Assault
• Rape
• Domestic Violence

18. •
Crimes and Criminals
• Violent Personal Crimes
Assault
Robbery

19. Number of Index Crimes in the Philippines in
2018, by type
Theft
Physical Injury
Robbery
Rape
Murder
Carnapping Motor C.
Homicide
Carnapping MotorV.
Cattle Rustling 141
418
2,151
4,326
6,866
7,349
10,870
21,498
23,590
0 5,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 25,000 30,000
Number of Crime Incidents
Statista 2021

20. Types of Crimes and Criminals
Criminal homicide
• Murder rate is higher in large metropolitan areas
• Murder rate is higher in the South than in other
regions of the country
 Function of a culture that has legitimized violence
and the use of weapons

21. •
Types of Crimes and Criminals
Criminal homicide
• Most victims of homicide are young
• Murder is an intra-racial crime
• Most murders are committed by someone a person
knows
Family member
» Friend
› Acquaintance

22. Types of Crimes and Criminals
Criminal homicide
• Most murders occur during a quarrel or argument
among people
• Types of Criminal homicide
Murder
Manslaughter

23. Types of Crimes and Criminals
Mass Murderers and Serial Killers
• Mass murders are distinguished from other types
of killing by the number of people killed at the
same time or over a short period of time usually
four or more

24. •
Occasional Property Crimes
• Types of occasional property crimes
 Check forgery
 Some types of auto theft - joy riding
Types of Crimes and Criminals
 Shoplifting
Vandalism

25. Occupational (White-Collar) Crimes
• Edwin Sutherland (1949) pioneered the research into the
study of white-collar crime
It is a crime committed by a person of responsibility
and high social status in the course of his occupation.
Types of Crimes and Criminals

26. •••
Occupational (White-Collar) Crimes
• Embezzlement - theft from one's employer
• Donald Cressey's study of embezzlers identified
three conditions that motivated the embezzler
1. Unshareable financial problem
2. Opportunity to steal
3. Rationalization for conducting the
crime
Types of Crimes and Criminals

27. •••••
Corporate Crimes
• Some types of corporate crimes
 Environmental
 Credit card manipulations
 Illegal business practices
 Illegal labor practices
 Falsifying company records
 Bribing public officials
 Computer crime
Types of Crimes and Criminals

28. ••••
Public-Order Crimes
• Public order offenses constitutes the largest
category of offenders
• Public order offenses include
Prostitution
Gambling
Use of drugs
›› Drunkenness
Vagrancy
»Disorderly conduct
›› Traffic violations
Types of Crimes and Criminals

29. Public-Order Crimes
• Public order offenders do not identify with
criminal roles
• Public order offenses are often crimes without
victims - victimless crime
Types of Crimes and Criminals

30. Organized Crime
• Organized crime - crimes committed by a
criminal organization
• Large and diversified regional or national criminal
organizations
• Rationally planned national and international
criminal activities
• Organized crime supplies illegal goods and
services that are demanded by a large segment of
the public
Types of Crimes and Criminals

31. Organized crime
• Major sources of organized crime activity are
Gambling
›› Loan sharking
Pornography and prostitution
› Drug trafficking
• Organized crime can only survive through the
corruption of public officials
Types of Crimes and Criminals

32. •••••
Consensual Crime
• Also called victimless crime
• Refers to behaviors in which people
engage voluntarily and willingly even though
these behaviors violate the law.
Types of Crimes and Criminals
• Drug use
• Prostitution
• Gambling
• Pornography

33. Hate Crimes
• Hate crimes - crimes motivated by racial, sexual,
national origin or religious hatred
Sixty-one percent of hate crimes are
based on race, 13 percent on sexual
orientation, and 10 percent on
ethnicity or national origin
Types of Crimes and Criminals
Philippine index crime

34. •
Biological Explanations of Crime
• Cesare Lombroso, a nineteenth-century Italian criminologist,
physician and the born atavist.
 Concept criminal atavism
 Criminality is inherited and that someone “born
criminal” could be identified by the way they look.

35. •
•ATAVISTIC FORM
Features of the thief:
Expressive face, manual dexterity, and
small, wandering eyes.
Biological Explanations of Crime

36. •
•ATAVISTIC FORM
Features of the murderer:
Cold, glassy stares, bloodshot eyes, and
big hawk-like nose.
Biological Explanations of Crime

37. •
•ATAVISTIC FORM
Features of the sex offenders:
Thick lips and protruding ears.
Biological Explanations of Crime

38. •
•ATAVISTIC FORM
Features of women offenders:
Shorter and more wrinkled, darker hair
and smaller skulls than normal women.
Biological Explanations of Crime

39. Gender and Crime
• Males are two to five times more likely to be
arrested as females for various types of crimes
• The gender gap is closing between men and
women and crime
Function of the changing roles of
women and greater opportunities to
commit crime

40. Age and Crime
• Age is strongly correlated with crime
• Young adults accounted for over 44 percent of
arrests in Philippines. (Philippine crime index)

41. Controlling Crime
Rehabilitation
Involves programs
designed to change
the behavior of
offenders.

42. Controlling Crime
• Prevention - preventing crime before it occurs
• Crime prevention is based largely on three
approaches
• 1. Influencing the development of non deviants
Improve housing and job opportunities
• 2. Improve people's environment
›› Differential association
• 3. Increase services and programs to prevent crime

43. Social Policy
• Occupational and Corporate Crime
• Increase penalties and fines
• Legal reform and more rigorous enforcement of
laws
• Organized Crime
• Increase in NBI/FBI personnel to fight organized crime
• Surveillance technology and use of informants

45. 1. If homicide is a relatively emotional, spontaneous
crime, what does that imply for efforts to use
harsh legal punishment, including the death
penalty, to deter people from committing
homicide?
2. Do you think consensual crimes should be made
legal? Why or why not?

46. REFERENCES
https://www.riddlesandanswers.com/tag/police-riddles/#ixzz76DUepmi0
https://www.slideshare.net/AnzhelikaWhite/crime-and-young-people
Albanese, Jay S. (1982). What Lockheed and La Cosa Nostra Have in Common:
The Effect of Ideology on Criminal Justice Policy. Crime & Delinquency, vol. 28,
211-232.
Albanese, Jay S. (2015). Organized Crime: From the Mob to Transnational
Organized Crime. Routlege.
Arsovska, Jana and Felia Allum (2014). Introduction: Women and Transnational
Organized Crime. Trends in Organized Crime, vol. 17, 1-18.
Fox, J. A., Levin, J., & Quinet, K. (2012). The will to kill: Making sense of
senseless murder. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.

47. Thank You for Listening!!!