Running Head: JUVENILE PROSTITUTION
JUVENILE PROSTITUTION
Juvenile Prostitution
Human Development and Environments
Name
University Of xxxxxx
Abstract
Juvenile prostitution has disastrous effects to the mental, social, and physical development of a child. The paper explores the causes, effects, and prevention approaches that will eliminate juvenile prostitution. The research will use eco-developmental theory provides a premise for exploring the investigation on juvenile prostitution. Effort need to focus on broadening the prevention programs that are community based that helps to identify vulnerable children before they end up on the streets. The paper will provide stakeholders with an opportunity to understand the gravity of juvenile prostitution and develop appropriate interventions.
Background
In many conventions and tourist cities, child prostitution is rampant and growing at an alarming rate. According to the federal bureau of investigation, Atlanta tops among the cities with the highest number of children who engage in prostitution. There are concerted efforts of religious groups, lawmakers, and advocates for juvenile justice in the state. These efforts have not been fruitful since there is less focus on a lasting solution to the problem. Critics argue that efforts should be providing a sustainable program that will prevent vulnerable children from taking part in the vice. There has been a focus on increasing penalties for offenders without addressing the cause of the problem. Despite the stringent laws and penalties, the vice has continued to thrive. It is critical to note that efforts should be placed on developing treatment programs that help children who are sexually exploited. The efforts need to focus on broadening the prevention programs that are community-based that contribute to identify vulnerable children before they end up on the streets.
Introduction
Juvenile prostitution is an issue of concern in the society since it fuels human trafficking, kidnapping, serial rape, abuse of human rights, and exploitation. Most of these children are lured or abducted by traffickers who brand them or beaten into submission. Those that try to get away are either killed or tortured. Review of foster care is imperatives since many of these children are raped and abused in these placements. It is imperative to note that these children decide to run away since foster-care homes are inhabitable (Plumridge & Abel, 2001). It is imperative that the discourse should be placed on the role of child welfare systems since they have failed to identify children who are trafficked for sex. Even in their knowledge on the existence of these problems, the child welfare systems argue that the responsibility is outside their jurisdiction and purview. The argument is that the perpetrators of the vices are not caregivers or parents; thus, they shift the responsibility to law enforcement officers. Breggin (2008) says, “These children are not ...
22Reported data versus the unknown data within sexual exploi.docxdomenicacullison
2
2
Reported data versus the unknown data within sexual exploitation of children
Sexual exploitation of children is a form of sexual abuse whereby a child is given money, gifts, among others, in exchange for doing sexual activities. In this case, the children are misled into thinking they are in a consensual and loving relationship and hence may end up trusting their abuser and thus not understand that they are being abused. The issue of sexual exploitation has gained much attention especially with the evolution of the internet which has elevated child trafficking across the globe. However, the true scale of the issue is unknown. This is because centralized data is lacking and also reporting bodies are inadequate. This is further contributed by the culture of shame, stigma, and silence, and also the expansion of information technology all of which are risk factors for the issue. Hence the relevance of the research topic is to assess the available resources regarding the issue to understand the scale of the problem.
Boyd, D., & Mitchell, K. J. (2014). “Understanding the role of technology in the commercial sexual exploitation of children: the perspective of law enforcement”.
In this article, Boyd & Mitchell (2014), conducted an exploratory study to evaluate how technology could be utilized in investigating child trafficking. According to the authors, commercial sexual exploitation of children, also known as child sex trafficking constitute a wide context of sexual victimization because, in addition to the victims being sexually assaulted and abused, they are treated as commodities and used for economic and financial gain. It is now obvious that many types of social activities involve the use of technology. However, criminal and child protection investigators are always struggling to use technology effectively to assess the underlying issues. Also, empirical research on the issue is almost non-existence, and hence media stories and legal reports offer guidance on summaries of case characteristics and the use of technology in such cases. The use of technology to investigate the issue is seen to offer both benefits and drawbacks. The drawbacks lean more towards the offender which includes giving them more opportunity to widen their activities. Hence, the investigators instead feel overwhelmed to deal with what they do not have control over and hence turn to analog means. This, in turn, contributes to the lack of data for research on the issue.
Franchino-Olsen, H. (2019). “Vulnerabilities relevant for commercial sexual exploitation of children/domestic minor sex trafficking: A systematic review of risk factors. Trauma, Violence, & Abuse, 1524838018821956”.
In this article, Franchino-Olsen (2019) conducted a review of the reviewed publications to identify the risk factors for commercial sexual exploitation for children. According to the author, the issue has become widespread across the United States, violating the health and the rights of many .
ChildAbuseIn the United States, legal focus on child.docxchristinemaritza
Child
Abuse
In the United States, legal focus on child abuse dates back to early 20th century, specifically 1935.
History of humanity is based on abuse of children
Mistreatment of children was a way for adults to relieve stress
Sexual abuse was most prevalent compared to any other form of abuse
Nature and History of
Child
Abuse
In the United States, federal intervention focusing on the issue of child abuse and neglect reflects back to 1935; this was the time when the Social Security Act provided funds for public welfare services. The aim was to provide protection and care to homeless, dependent as well as neglected children. The funds were also meant to cater for children who were at risk of becoming delinquents (Sedlak, 2001).
Nonetheless, it was not until the mid 1960s that the first state laws were created and which demanded the public to report to social agencies any suspected cases of child abuse as well as neglect. Reporters were provided with protection from any forms of retaliatory litigation like suits based on slander or breach of confidentiality. As at 1967, all states in the US had enacted child abuse reporting laws (Sedlak, 2001).
Far from that, a scholar, Lloyd de Mause (1998) argues that the history of humanity was based on the abuse of children. He supports his argument stating that even in the modern day, therapists claim that “child abuse often functions to hold families together as a way of solving their emotional problems” (De Mause, 1998, p. 216). Therefore, historically, child abuse is said to have been born from incest, erotic beating and in some cases infanticide – the killing of a new born within a year of birth (DeMause, 1998). In most states, children were mutilated and sacrificed as a way of relieving the guilt that adults felt.
An example of a culture, which practiced infanticide, is Bimin-Kuskusmin of Papua New Guinea. DeMause (1998) noted that, in the same culture, when mothers were sad or angry, they would masturbate their children so hard that they would bruise them. That demonstrates how children were used as channels through which adults could relieve themselves of the depression that they were experiencing.
The legal history of child abuse in the US dates back to the early 20th century, but from a deeper historical analysis, one can notice that child abuse existed far long before that. Various cultures engaged in different violent acts towards children. The nature of abuse was based on adults using children as objects on whom they could relieve their stress. They were abused sexually, for instance through masturbation, beaten up in order to bring about erotic fulfillment in the one doing the beating, among other forms of abuse.
2
In 2007, the US experienced a cost of $103.8 billion due to child abuse and neglect
Intangible losses create the need for development of intervention programs, which requires money to be set up
Indirectly leads to increment in taxes
Suppresses the economy of underdev ...
22Reported data versus the unknown data within sexual exploi.docxdomenicacullison
2
2
Reported data versus the unknown data within sexual exploitation of children
Sexual exploitation of children is a form of sexual abuse whereby a child is given money, gifts, among others, in exchange for doing sexual activities. In this case, the children are misled into thinking they are in a consensual and loving relationship and hence may end up trusting their abuser and thus not understand that they are being abused. The issue of sexual exploitation has gained much attention especially with the evolution of the internet which has elevated child trafficking across the globe. However, the true scale of the issue is unknown. This is because centralized data is lacking and also reporting bodies are inadequate. This is further contributed by the culture of shame, stigma, and silence, and also the expansion of information technology all of which are risk factors for the issue. Hence the relevance of the research topic is to assess the available resources regarding the issue to understand the scale of the problem.
Boyd, D., & Mitchell, K. J. (2014). “Understanding the role of technology in the commercial sexual exploitation of children: the perspective of law enforcement”.
In this article, Boyd & Mitchell (2014), conducted an exploratory study to evaluate how technology could be utilized in investigating child trafficking. According to the authors, commercial sexual exploitation of children, also known as child sex trafficking constitute a wide context of sexual victimization because, in addition to the victims being sexually assaulted and abused, they are treated as commodities and used for economic and financial gain. It is now obvious that many types of social activities involve the use of technology. However, criminal and child protection investigators are always struggling to use technology effectively to assess the underlying issues. Also, empirical research on the issue is almost non-existence, and hence media stories and legal reports offer guidance on summaries of case characteristics and the use of technology in such cases. The use of technology to investigate the issue is seen to offer both benefits and drawbacks. The drawbacks lean more towards the offender which includes giving them more opportunity to widen their activities. Hence, the investigators instead feel overwhelmed to deal with what they do not have control over and hence turn to analog means. This, in turn, contributes to the lack of data for research on the issue.
Franchino-Olsen, H. (2019). “Vulnerabilities relevant for commercial sexual exploitation of children/domestic minor sex trafficking: A systematic review of risk factors. Trauma, Violence, & Abuse, 1524838018821956”.
In this article, Franchino-Olsen (2019) conducted a review of the reviewed publications to identify the risk factors for commercial sexual exploitation for children. According to the author, the issue has become widespread across the United States, violating the health and the rights of many .
ChildAbuseIn the United States, legal focus on child.docxchristinemaritza
Child
Abuse
In the United States, legal focus on child abuse dates back to early 20th century, specifically 1935.
History of humanity is based on abuse of children
Mistreatment of children was a way for adults to relieve stress
Sexual abuse was most prevalent compared to any other form of abuse
Nature and History of
Child
Abuse
In the United States, federal intervention focusing on the issue of child abuse and neglect reflects back to 1935; this was the time when the Social Security Act provided funds for public welfare services. The aim was to provide protection and care to homeless, dependent as well as neglected children. The funds were also meant to cater for children who were at risk of becoming delinquents (Sedlak, 2001).
Nonetheless, it was not until the mid 1960s that the first state laws were created and which demanded the public to report to social agencies any suspected cases of child abuse as well as neglect. Reporters were provided with protection from any forms of retaliatory litigation like suits based on slander or breach of confidentiality. As at 1967, all states in the US had enacted child abuse reporting laws (Sedlak, 2001).
Far from that, a scholar, Lloyd de Mause (1998) argues that the history of humanity was based on the abuse of children. He supports his argument stating that even in the modern day, therapists claim that “child abuse often functions to hold families together as a way of solving their emotional problems” (De Mause, 1998, p. 216). Therefore, historically, child abuse is said to have been born from incest, erotic beating and in some cases infanticide – the killing of a new born within a year of birth (DeMause, 1998). In most states, children were mutilated and sacrificed as a way of relieving the guilt that adults felt.
An example of a culture, which practiced infanticide, is Bimin-Kuskusmin of Papua New Guinea. DeMause (1998) noted that, in the same culture, when mothers were sad or angry, they would masturbate their children so hard that they would bruise them. That demonstrates how children were used as channels through which adults could relieve themselves of the depression that they were experiencing.
The legal history of child abuse in the US dates back to the early 20th century, but from a deeper historical analysis, one can notice that child abuse existed far long before that. Various cultures engaged in different violent acts towards children. The nature of abuse was based on adults using children as objects on whom they could relieve their stress. They were abused sexually, for instance through masturbation, beaten up in order to bring about erotic fulfillment in the one doing the beating, among other forms of abuse.
2
In 2007, the US experienced a cost of $103.8 billion due to child abuse and neglect
Intangible losses create the need for development of intervention programs, which requires money to be set up
Indirectly leads to increment in taxes
Suppresses the economy of underdev ...
Case Study 1 Applying Theory to PracticeSocial scientists hav.docxcowinhelen
Case Study 1: Applying Theory to Practice
Social scientists have proposed a number of theories to explain juvenile delinquency. Each has its own strengths and weaknesses. For this assignment, go to the following Website, located at http://listverse.com/2011/05/14/top-10-young-killers/ and select one of the juvenile case studies.
After reading the case, select one (1) of the psychological theories discussed in Chapter 4 of the text.
Write a two to three (2-3) page paper in which you:
1. Summarize three (3) key aspects of the juvenile case study that you selected.
2. Highlight at least three (3) factors that you believe are important for one to understand the origins of the juvenile’s delinquent behavior.
3. Apply at least two (2) concepts from the theory that you chose from the text that would help explain the juvenile’s behavior.
4. Identify one (1) appropriate strategy geared toward preventing delinquency that is consistent with the theory you chose.
5. Use at least three (3) quality references. Note: Wikipedia and other Websites do not qualify as academic resources.
Discussion-
"The Changing Family System"
Using what you’ve learned this week, respond to the following prompts in your post:
· Explain at least two (2) roles that different parenting styles play in shaping the overall behavior of children. Next, indicate the significant impacts that each role has in contributing to delinquent behavior among juveniles.
· Think about the following question: Should juvenile delinquents be removed from their home and parent(s) and placed in a foster home or group home if the child continues to commit criminal acts after repeated attempts at treatment and confinement? Based on this question, discuss your thoughts on this subject. Provide support for your response.
Discussion-
"Exploring Monopolies and Oligopolies"
Watch this video, Oligopolies and Monopolistic Competition, to help you prepare for this week’s discussion.
Reply to these prompts by using the company for which you currently work, a business with which your familiar, or a dream business you want to start:
· With your selected business in mind, determine if it is competitive, monopolistic competitive, an oligopoly, or pure monopoly. Explain how you drew your conclusion about its market structure.
· How does the business/firm in this industry determine the price it will charge for the products or services it sells?
Discussion-
"Considering Tradeoffs You Make Every Day"
Let's talk about two tradeoffs we face every day: how we spend our time and money.
We can only do two things with income: spend it or save it. Time is the ultimate resource. We can choose to spend time working to earn an income or we can do other things, broadly classified as leisure. Reply to these prompts to start your discussion:
· How does a change in interest rate affect your decision to spend or save? How would a change in the interest rate affect a firm's decision to invest or save?
· How might an increas.
Case Study - Option 3 BarbaraBarbara is a 22 year old woman who h.docxcowinhelen
Case Study - Option 3: Barbara
Barbara is a 22 year old woman who has recently graduated from college with a psychology degree. She is currently working as a waitress at a popular restaurant near campus, and says she has always planned to attend law school. Barbara was born in a New Orleans, Louisiana. Her mother is an African American who is an assistant manager at a grocery store. Her father is Caucasian and works at a department store. Barbara reports that she was a shy, unattractive child, but that in general her early childhood was "pretty happy." Barbara says that during elementary school, she was constantly harassed by classmates about being of mixed race. Still, she says that she felt very close to her family during this period. She now insists that "I am not black or white, I am me."
Barbara is sexually active and engages in sexual activity with different men at least 1 time a week. Barbara indicates that she does not need protection because she is on the pill. She says she is simply too young to settle down. During her junior year of high school, Barbara had her first serious boyfriend, Morris, who was a high school classmate. She describes the relationship as warm and supportive and they became sexually active during her senior year of high school. They broke up soon after the first sexual interaction. In college, Barbara has dated and she acknowledges some bisexual experimentation. Barbara says that she prefers heterosexual relationships, however.
Although Barbara appears to be a natural athlete, she leads a relatively sedentary lifestyle. She does not exercise regularly and indicates that it is just not enjoyable.
Barbara does not like her job at the restaurant, but seems unwilling to look for other employment. She says that she feels "very jittery" whenever she gets ready for work, and she uses any excuse to take days off. She also refuses to associate with fellow employees, and reports getting very anxious when she was given a surprise birthday party. Recently, she has lost interest in cleaning her house and seldom cooks for herself. She also attends less to her personal grooming.
Diagnosis – Social Anxiety Disorder/Minor Depression
DSM-5 – Diagnostic Criteria for Social Anxiety Disorder
1. Fear or anxiety specific to social settings, in which a person feels noticed, observed, or scrutinized.
2. Typically the individual will fear that they will display their anxiety and experience social rejection,
3. Social interaction will consistently provoke distress,
4. Social interactions are either avoided, or painfully and reluctantly endured,
5. The fear and anxiety will be grossly disproportionate to the actual situation,
6. The fear, anxiety or other distress around social situations will persist for six months or longer and
7. Cause personal distress and impairment of functioning in one or more domains, such as interpersonal or occupational functioning,
8. The fear or anxiety cannot be attributed to a medical disorder, s.
Case Study - Cyberterrorism—A New RealityWhen hackers claiming .docxcowinhelen
Case Study - Cyberterrorism—A New Reality:
When hackers claiming to support the Syrian regime of Bashar Al-Assad attacked and disabled the website of Al Jazeera, the Qatar-based satellite news channel, in September 2012, the act was another act of hacktivism, purporting to promote a specific political agenda over another. Hacktivism has become a very visible form of expressing dissent. Even though there have been numerous incidents reported by the media, the first case of hacktivism was documented in 1989 when a member of the Cult of the Dead Cow hacker collective named Omega coined the term in 1996. However, hacktivism is not the only form of cyber protest and conflict that has everyone from ICT professionals to governments scrambling for solutions. Individuals, enterprises, and governments alike rely in many instances almost completely on network computing technologies, including cloud computing. The international and ever-evolving nature of the Internet along with inadequate law enforcement and the anonymity the global architecture offers creates opportunities for hackers to attack vulnerable nodes for personal, financial, or political gain.
The Internet is also rapidly becoming the political and advocacy platform of choice, bringing with it both positive and negative consequences. Increasingly sophisticated off-the-shelf technologies and easy access to the Internet are significantly increasing incidents of cyberterrorism, netwars, and cyberwarfare. The following are a few examples.
• According to The Israel Electric Company, Israel is attacked 1,000 times a minute by cyberterrorists targeting the country’s infrastructure—water, electricity, communications, and other services.• The New York Times, quoting military officials, said there was a seventeen-fold increase in cyberattacks targeting the US critical infrastructure between 2009 and 2011.• The 2010 Data Breach Investigations Report has data recording more than 900 instances of computer hacking and other data breaches in the past seven years, resulting in some 900 million compromised records. In 2012, the same study listed 855 breaches, resulting in 174 million compromised records in 2011 alone, up from 4 million in 2010.• Another study of 49 breaches in 2011 reported that the average organizational cost of a data breach (including detection, internal response, notification, post notification cost) was $5.5 million. This number was down from $7.2 million in 2010.14 The Telegraph (London) reported that “India blamed a new ‘cyber-jihad’ by Pakistani militant groups for the exodus of thousands of people from India’s north-eastern minorities from its main southern cities in August after text messages warning them to flee went viral.”
There have been recorded instances of nations allegedly engaging in cyberwarfare. The Center for the Study of Technology and Society has identified five methods by which cyberwarfare can be used as a means of military action. These include defacing or di.
Case Study - APA paper with min 4 page content Review the Blai.docxcowinhelen
Case Study - APA paper with min 4 page content
Review the
Blaine
case on the capital structure by understanding the case well enough to help the CEO make informed analysis and decisions on the issues listed in the second paragraph.
I want you to, of course, show me that you understand the situation but then to add the
.
Case Study - Global Mobile Corporation Damn it, .docxcowinhelen
Case Study - Global Mobile Corporation
“Damn it, he's done it again!”
Charlie Newburg had to get up and walk around his office, he was so frustrated. He had been
reviewing the most recent design, parts, and assembly specifications for Global Mobile's latest
smart phone (code named: Nonphixhun) that had been released for production the previous
Thursday. The files had just come back to Charlie's engineering services department with a
caustic note that began, “This one can't be produced, either…” It was the fourth time production
had returned the design.
Newburg, director of engineering for the Global Mobile Corporation, was normally a quiet
person. But the Nonphixhun project was stretching his patience; it was beginning to appear like
several other new products that had hit delays and problems in the transition from design to
production during the eight months Charlie had worked for Global Mobile. These problems were
nothing new at Global Mobile's Asian factory; Charlie's predecessor in the engineering job had
run afoul of them, too, and had finally been fired for protesting too vehemently about the other
departments. But the Nonphixhun phone should have been different. Charlie and the firm's
president, Hannah Hoover, had video-conferenced two months earlier (on July 3, 2006) with the
factory superintendent, Tyson Wang, to smooth the way for the new phone's design. He thought
back to the meeting …
• “Now, we all know there's a tight deadline on the Nonphixhun,” Hannah Hoover said, “and
Charlie's done well to ask us to talk about its introduction. I'm counting on both of you to find
any snags in the system, and to work together to get that first production run out by October
2. Can you do it?” “We can do it in production if we get a clean design two weeks from
now, as scheduled,” answered Tyson Wang, the factory manager. “Charlie and I have already
talked about that, of course. I've spoken with our circuit board and other parts suppliers and
scheduled assembly capacity, and we'll be ready. If the design goes over schedule, though, I'll
have to fill in with other runs, and it will cost us a bundle to break in for the Nonphixhun.
How does it look in engineering, Charlie?” “I've just reviewed the design for the second
time,” Charlie replied. “If Marianne Price can keep the salespeople out of our hair, and avoid
any more last minute changes, we've got a shot. I've pulled my technical support people off of
three other overdue jobs to get this one out. But, Tyson, that means we can't spring engineers
loose to confer with your production people on other manufacturing problems.” “Well
Charlie, most of those problems are caused by the engineers, and we need them to resolve the
difficulties. We've all agreed that production problems come from both of us bowing to sales
pressure, and putting equipment into production before the designs are really ready. That's
just wh.
Case Study #3Apple Suppliers & Labor PracticesWith its h.docxcowinhelen
Case Study #3
Apple Suppliers & Labor Practices
With its highly coveted line of consumer electronics, Apple has a cult following among loyal consumers. During the 2014 holiday season, 74.5 million iPhones were sold. Demand like this meant that Apple was in line to make over $52 billion in profits in 2015, the largest annual profit ever generated from a company’s operations. Despite its consistent financial performance year over year, Apple’s robust profit margin hides a more complicated set of business ethics. Similar to many products sold in the U.S., Apple does not manufacture most its goods domestically. Most of the component sourcing and factory production is done overseas in conditions that critics have argued are dangerous to workers and harmful to the environment.
For example, tin is a major component in Apple’s products and much of it is sourced in Indonesia. Although there are mines that source tin ethically, there are also many that do not. One study found workers—many of them children—working in unsafe conditions, digging tin out by hand in mines prone to landslides that could bury workers alive. About 70% of the tin used in electronic devices such as smartphones and tablets comes from these more dangerous, small-scale mines. An investigation by the BBC revealed how perilous these working conditions can be. In interviews with miners, a 12-yearold working at the bottom of a 70-foot cliff of sand said: “I worry about landslides. The earth slipping from up there to the bottom. It could happen.”
Apple defends its practices by saying it only has so much control over monitoring and regulating its component sources. The company justifies its sourcing practices by saying that it is a complex process, with tens of thousands of miners selling tin, many of them through middle-men. In a statement to the BBC, Apple said “the simplest course of action would be for Apple to unilaterally refuse any tin from Indonesian mines. That would be easy for us to do and would certainly shield us from criticism. But that would also be the lazy and cowardly path, since it would do nothing to improve the situation. We have chosen to stay engaged and attempt to drive changes on the ground.”
In an effort for greater transparency, Apple has released annual reports detailing their work with suppliers and labor practices. While more recent investigations have shown some improvements to suppliers’ working conditions, Apple continues to face criticism as consumer demand for iPhones and other products continues to grow.
Essay directions –
Students will have to identify and analyze the above ethical dilemma. Write a 750 – 1000 word, double-spaced paper, and APA style.
Students are expected to identify the key stakeholders, discussion of the implications of the ethical dilemma, and answer the case study questions. Each paper should have the following sections: • Introduction of the case• The ethical dilemma • Stakeholders • Questions • Conclusions • References .
CASE STUDY (Individual) Scotland In terms of its physical l.docxcowinhelen
CASE STUDY (Individual): Scotland
* In terms of its physical landscape, where is the region that is experiencing a devolutionary process located and what type of climate is prevalent? (use Figure 2.5 and 2.4 of the textbook).
* According to the sources you have consulted, do these physical/natural characteristics have played any role in the historical background for this devolutionary process? How?
* How do the people that inhabit the region you are studying speak about their relationship to the land and the environment? Do they express any ideas on biodiversity conservation?
* Do they say anything about their homeland? If the region you are studying has a website (official or not), what role do maps play on their web site/s?
* Is this region located close to or far from the center of power of the country (the national capital city)?
* Does this condition have any impact on the reasons why they would like to gain at-least more autonomy to make their own decisions?
* According to the source/s you have consulted, what are the main reason/s why this population would like to break-up from the country in which they live in?
Do this/these source/s mention any explanation/s based on cultural or ethnic characteristics? For example, speaking a different language? Which one? Professing a different religion? Which one? Economic disparities
.
Case Study #2 T.D. enjoys caring for the children and young peop.docxcowinhelen
Case Study #2
T.D. enjoys caring for the children and young people in the schools where she works, but sometimes she is faced with tough situations such as suspected child abuse and neglect, teen pregnancy, and alcohol and drug use among teenagers. She works hard to ensure that the children in her schools receive the best care possible.
Question:
Several third graders reports having received no breakfast at home for more than a week. T.D. is exercising Advocacy for the students under her care. What type of actions she might be doing to exercise advocacy for the students?
Discuss this:
Moral distress is a frequent situation where health care providers should face. Please define and discuss a personal experience where you have faced Moral distress in your practice.
Discuss how health promotion relates to morality.
Discuss your insights about your own communication strengths and weaknesses. Identify situations in which it may be difficult for you to establish or terminate a therapeutic relationship.
*
formatted and cited in current APA style with support from at least 2 academic sources.
.
CASE STUDY #2 Chief Complaint I have pain in my belly”.docxcowinhelen
CASE STUDY #2
Chief Complaint:
“I have pain in my belly”
History of Present Illness (HPI):
A 25-year-old female presents to the emergency room (ER) with complaints of severe abdominal pain for 2 weeks . The pain is sharp and crampy It hurts if I run, sit down hard, or if I have sex
PMH:
Patient denies
Drug Hx:
Birth control
Allergies:
NKA
Subjective:
Nausea and vomiting, Last menstrual period 5 days ago, New sexual partner about 2 months ago, No condoms, he hates them No pain, blood or difficulty with urination
Objective Data:
PE:
B/P 138/90; temperature 99°F; (RR) 20; (HR) 110, regular; oxygen saturation (PO2) 96%; pain 5/10
General:
acute distress and severe pain
HEENT:
Atraumatic, normocephalic, PERRLA, EOMI, conjunctiva and sclera clear; nares patent, nasopharynx clear, good dentition. Piercing in her right nostril and lower lip.
Lungs:
CTA AP&L
Card:
S1S2 without rub or gallop
Abd:
INSPECTION: no masses or thrills noted; no discoloration and skin is warm to; no tattoos or piercings; abdomen is nondistended and round
• AUSCULTATION: bowel sounds (BS) are normal in all four quadrants, no bruits noted
• PALPATION: on palpation, abdomen is tender to touch in four quadrants; tenderness noted on light palpation, deep palpation reveals no masses, spleen and liver unremarkable
• PERCUSSION: tympany heard in all quadrants, no dullness noted in abdominal area
GU:
• EXTERNAL: mature hair distribution; no external lesions on labia
• INTROITUS: slight green-gray discharge, no lesions
• VAGINAL: normal rugae; moderate amount of green discharge on vaginal walls
• CERVIX: nulliparous os with small amount of purulent discharge from os with positive cervical motion tenderness (CMT)
• UTERUS: ante-flexed, normal size, shape, and position
• ADNEXA: bilateral tenderness with fullness; both ovaries without masses
• RECTAL: deferred
• VAGINAL DISCHARGE: green in color
Ext:
no cyanosis, clubbing or edema
Integument:
intact without lesions masses or rashes
Neuro:
No obvious deficits and CN grossly intact II-XII
Then answer the following questions:
What other subjective data would you obtain?
What other objective findings would you look for?
What diagnostic exams do you want to order?
Name 3 differential diagnoses based on this patient presenting symptoms?
Give rationales for your each differential diagnosis.
-
Your initial post should be at least 500 words, formatted and cited in current APA style with support from at least 2 academic sources.
.
Case Study #1Jennifer is a 29-year-old administrative assistan.docxcowinhelen
Case Study #1
Jennifer is a 29-year-old administrative assistant married to Antonio, an Italian engineer, whom Jennifer met four years earlier while on a business trip for her marketing company. The couple now lives in Nebraska, where Antonio works for the county's transportation department and Jennifer commutes an hour each way to her marketing office. They have been trying to start a family for over a year. Eight months ago, Jennifer miscarried in her second month of pregnancy. Antonio's parents love Jennifer and often ask her if she is expecting again, hoping to encourage her to focus on her next baby. Jennifer's mother passed away two years ago and her father's health is rapidly deteriorating. Jennifer faces the probability of placing her father in a skilled nursing care facility within the next few months, against his wishes.
At work, Jennifer runs a tight ship. She is organized and prepares lists to assure that everything is done according to schedule. Everyone counts on Jennifer and she takes pride in never letting people down.
Jennifer has visited her physician numerous times in the last six months, complaining of headaches, backaches, and indigestion. Jennifer insists that she is happy and is not feeling stressed, yet she finds herself making more mistakes at work, unable to keep up with housework, and feeling tired and overwhelmed; she has begun to question her effectiveness as an employee, wife, daughter, and potential mother. Her pains seem to be increasing, but her doctor cannot find a physical cause for her discomfort.
Case Study #2
Michael is a 40-year-old airline pilot who has recently begun to experience chest pains. The chest pains began when Michael signed his final divorce papers, ending his 15-year marriage. He fought for joint custody of his two children, ages 12 and 10, but although he wants to be with them more frequently, he only sees them every two weeks. This schedule is, in great part, a result of his employer's announcement that budget constraints would result in layoffs. Michael worries that without his job he will be unable to support his children and lose the new townhouse that he purchased. Michael's chest pains are becoming more frequent and he fears that he may be dying.
Review case studies 1 and 2.
Choose one case study.
Complete the following questions in 150 to 200 words each. Be as detailed as possible and use the information you have learned throughout this course.
• What are the causes of stress in Michael’s or Jennifer’s life? How is stress affecting Michael’s or Jennifer’s health?
• How are these stressors affecting Michael’s or Jennifer’s self-concept and self-esteem?
• How might Michael’s or Jennifer’s situation illustrate adjustment? How might this situation become an opportunity for personal growth?
• What defensive coping methods is Michael or Jennifer using? What active coping methods might be healthier for Michael or Jennifer to use? Explain why you would recom.
Case Study # 2 –Danny’s Unhappy DutyEmployee ProfilesCaro.docxcowinhelen
Case Study # 2 –Danny’s Unhappy Duty
Employee Profiles
:
Carol Brown, Danny Winthrop, Thomas Fletcher
Carol, the Department Secretary for Purchasing and General Stores, has been
working at St. Louis Memorial Hospital for sixteen years, four of which have
been for the present Manager, Dan Winthrop. Carol likes her Boss, who gives
his employees more leeway than most. Carol’s main interests are her work and
her home—traits also typical of the other people who work in the Department.
Carol feels she is part of a close, cooperative group of employees.
Dan, or Danny, as he likes to be called, arrived at St. Louis Memorial four years
ago as a replacement for a Department manager who had been at the Hospital
for a number of years. Danny’s predecessor, Bill Taylor, was very strict in
everything from insisting that employees take exactly one-half hour for lunch
breaks to not having a coffee pot in the Department. When Danny came on
board as a Department Manager, his management style was much less strict.
The result was that Danny’s employees were much happier, and began to meet
and exceed expectations in getting their work done. St. Louis Memorial’s
previous CEO was a good friend and frequently complimented Danny on his
efficient and effective staff. Now a new CEO, Thomas Fletcher, has been hired
by the Hospital’s Board of Directors. Things are about to change.
Thomas Fletcher, new CEO and a recent graduate from a superior school of
hospital management, has always believed in “doing things by the book”.
Thomas originally had wanted to become a doctor, but decided two years into
the process that it was going to take him too long, and that he would be better
off becoming an administrator. He likes the idea of being an administrator,
and wants to be a good one. He has decided to start out his career at St. Louis
Memorial, of the smaller hospitals in the St. Louis area, but hopes to progress to a
a much larger facility in about four years, once he develops a track record at
St. Louis Memorial.
The Challenge: Communication, Criticism and Discipline, Leadership, Motivation,
Rules and Policies
Danny knows his employees quite well. They are generally a happy, cohesive, and cooperative group. They joke around a lot among themselves, but get the work done more than satisfactorily. All of them seem to give a
gr.
Case Study – Multicultural ParadeRead the Case below, and answe.docxcowinhelen
Case Study – Multicultural Parade
Read the Case below, and answer the following questions:
(No references needed, 2 pages double space, label the answer without copying the question in the paper)
1. What images come to mind when you hear the term “costume”? In what ways might it be considered demeaning?
2. Often people conflate “culture,” “ethnicity,” “heritage,” “race,” and “nationality,” or use them interchangeably. How are these concepts different from one another? Is a “Multicultural Day” different than an “International Day”?
3. How is Ms. Morrison’s definition of “cultural clothing” different from her definition of “ethnic heritage”? Did her explanation clarify things for Keisha and Emily?
4. How might activities that require students to share part of their ethnic heritage alienate students or contribute to students’ and teachers’ existing stereotypes and biases?
5. Connect to 3 of the core themes:
(Equity in Education/ Theories of Learning, Culture, and Identity/ Teaching and Learning in a Multicultural Society/ Research and Educational Knowledge )
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Case Study:
In an effort to celebrate the growing racial and ethnic diversity at Eastern School, the school’s Diversity Committee decided to sponsor Multicultural Day. Numerous performers were hired for assemblies and presentations. During the day’s feature event, the “Culture Parade,” students were asked to showcase cultural clothing as they walked through the hallways. Teachers were encouraged by the committee to discuss clothing from countries outside the United States and to invite students who had such clothing to bring it to school for the parade.
Ms. Morrison was excited about Multicultural Day because many of her students had parents who were immigrants. She imagined the day as an opportunity for those students to teach others about their cultures.
A week before the event, Ms. Morrison brought a kilt to class and explained its significance to the students. “This represents my Scottish heritage,” she said, “and I am proud to show it to you today.” She then asked whether students had “special costumes” at home that represented their cultures. Several students raised their hands, which prompted Ms. Morrison to discuss the events planned for Multicultural Day, including the parade.
During dismissal the day before the parade Ms. Morrison announced, “Don’t forget to bring your costumes to class tomorrow!”
The next day, Ms. Morrison was pleased to see several Hmong and Liberian students came with bags of clothing. She saw that two other students, Emily and Keisha, brought clothing, so she inquired about what was in their bags. Emily, a white student excitedly pulled out her soccer uniform, and Keisha, an African American student, pulled jeans and her favorite sweatshirt out of her bag. Ms. Morrison told the two girls she appreciated the.
Case Study THE INVISIBLE SPONSOR1BackgroundSome execut.docxcowinhelen
Case Study : THE INVISIBLE SPONSOR1
Background
Some executives prefer to micromanage projects whereas other executives
are fearful of making a decision because, if they were to make the wrong
decision, it could impact their career. In this case study, the president of the company assigned one of the vice presidents to act as the project sponsor on a project designed to build tooling for a client. The sponsor, however, was reluctant to make any decisions.
Assigning the VP
Moreland Company was well-respected as a tooling design-and-build
company. Moreland was project-driven because all of its income came
from projects. Moreland was also reasonably mature in project management.
When the previous VP for engineering retired, Moreland hired an executive from a manufacturing company to replace him. The new VP for engineering, Al Zink, had excellent engineering knowledge about tooling but had worked for companies that were not project-driven. Al had very little knowledge about project management and had never functioned as a project sponsor. Because of Al’s lack of experience as a sponsor, the president decided that Al should “get his feet wet” as quickly as possible and assigned him as the project sponsor on a mediumsized project. The project manager on this project was Fred Cutler. Fred was an engineer with more than twenty years of experience in tooling design and manufacturing. Fred reported directly to Al Zink administratively.
Fred's Dilemma
Fred understood the situation; he would have to train Al Zink on how to
function as a project sponsor. This was a new experience for Fred because subordinates usually do not train senior personnel on how to do their job. Would Al Zink be receptive?
Fred explained the role of the sponsor and how there are certain project documents that require the signatures of both the project manager and the project sponsor. Everything seemed to be going well until Fred informed Al that the project sponsor is the person that the president eventually holds accountable for the success or failure of the project. Fred could tell that Al was
quite upset over this statement.
Al realized that the failure of a project where he was the sponsor could damage his reputation and career. Al was now uncomfortable about having to act as a sponsor but knew that he might eventually be assigned as a sponsor on other projects. Al also knew that this project was somewhat of a high risk. If Al could function as an invisible sponsor, he could avoid making any critical decisions.
In the first meeting between Fred and Al where Al was the sponsor, Al asked Fred for a copy of the schedule for the project. Fred responded: I’m working on the schedule right now. I cannot finish the schedule until you tell me whether you want me to lay out the schedule based upon best time, least cost, or least risk.
Al stated that he would think about it and get back to Fred as soon as possible.
During the middle of the next week, Fred and Al m.
CASE STUDY Experiential training encourages changes in work beha.docxcowinhelen
CASE STUDY: Experiential training encourages changes in work behavior and growth in one’s abilities, which is accomplished through a multitude of methods. Experiential training has proven to be cost-effective while motivating employees as well as improving self-awareness, personal accountability, teamwork skills, and communication skills (Ritchie, 2011). Additionally, the training methods provide trainees with direct experience, the opportunity to reflect on that experience, and share models to help trainees to deduce using both present and past experience, while accommodating learning styles and strengths (Ritchie, 2011). Valkanos and Fragoulis identify several reasons why experiential training provides value:
1. Ongoing advances in technology requiring changes in knowledge, skills, and abilities
2. Divergence between theory and practice
3. Mergers and acquisitions of enterprises which tend to bring new jobs, organizational culture, and work content
4. Constant environment of change, from working conditions to processes and procedures relating to organizational issues, quality, and new products or services, and requiring new competencies, duties, or work content (Valkanos & Fragoulis, 2007, p. 22).
Method
Description
On-the-job Training
Receives instructions on the functions of their job in their assigned workplace.
Simulators
Teaches employees on how to operate equipment in a given context
Role Playing
Developing interpersonal and business skills, such as decision-making, communication, conflict resolution, and solving complex problems.
Case Study
Develops critical thinking skills to include analytical, higher-level skills, and exploring and resolving complex problems.
Games
Develops general business and organizational principles addressing application in a variety of situations.
Behavior Modeling
Used when learning goals are a rule and inflexible procedures. Provides skills and practice to modify and model behavior.
In-basket Techniques
A variety of items placed in an envelope that reflects what might be found in an inbox. This activity is used to assist trainees in developing and applying their strategic and operational skills.
(Blanchard & Thacker, 2013, pp. 222-223)
References:
· Blanchard, P. N., & Thacker, J. W. (2013). Effective training: Systems, strategies, and practices (5th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education, Inc.
· Valkanos, E., & Fragoulis, I. (2007). Experiential learning – its place in in‐house education and training. Development and Learning in Organizations: An International Journal, 21(5), 21-23. doi:10.1108/14777280710779454
Discussion Question--Choose one perspective in which to respond.
Non-HR Perspective: Your department is not meeting performance expectations. What steps do you take to resolve the issue? Is training a possible solution; if so, which of the above training methods would be the most effective in addressing the issue? Would you, at any point, involve HR--if so, at what point and why?.
Case Study Hereditary AngioedemaAll responses must be in your .docxcowinhelen
Case Study: Hereditary Angioedema
All responses must be in your own words. Answers that have been copied and pasted will not receive credit.
1. Translate “angioedema”. [Note: I am not looking for a description of the disorder. Rather, I would like you to translate the medical term itself.]
2. The complement system is described as a ‘cascade system’. How does the system fit into this description of being a cascade? [Suggestion: Google the definition of cascade, then think about the complement system in light of the definition]
3. Is complement involved in the innate, or the adaptive immune system, or both? Please explain you answer.
4. What role does C1INH play in the complement system? Why is it so important?
5. What was the physiologic cause of Richard’s abdominal pain?
6. How can one distinguish the swelling of HAE from the swelling of allergic angioedema?
7. What is bradykinin’s role in HA?
8. Do you think Richard’s infancy colic was related to his HA? No need to research this. Just use your intuition. Explain your thinking.
9. What is typically used to treat attacks of HAE?
10. Swelling in the extremities is not dangerous. What other areas of the body are subject to swelling? What is the most dangerous location for swelling to occur and why is it the most dangerous?
2018
BUS 308 Week 2 Lecture 1
Examining Differences - overview
Expected Outcomes
After reading this lecture, the student should be familiar with:
1. The importance of random sampling.
2. The meaning of statistical significance.
3. The basic approach to determining statistical significance.
4. The meaning of the null and alternate hypothesis statements.
5. The hypothesis testing process.
6. The purpose of the F-test and the T-test.
Overview
Last week we collected clues and evidence to help us answer our case question about
males and females getting equal pay for equal work. As we looked at the clues presented by the
salary and comp-ratio measures of pay, things got a bit confusing with results that did not see to
be consistent. We found, among other things, that the male and female compa-ratios were fairly
close together with the female mean being slightly larger. The salary analysis showed a different
view; here we noticed that the averages were apparently quite different with the males, on
average, earning more. Contradictory findings such as this are not all that uncommon when
examining data in the “real world.”
One issue that we could not fully address last week was how meaningful were the
differences? That is, would a different sample have results that might be completely different, or
can we be fairly sure that the observed differences are real and show up in the population as
well? This issue, often referred to as sampling error, deals with the fact that random samples
taken from a population will generally be a bit different than the actual population parameters,
but will be “close” enough to the actual.
case studieson Gentrification and Displacement in the Sa.docxcowinhelen
case studies
on Gentrification and Displacement
in the San Francisco Bay Area
Authors:
Miriam Zuk and Karen Chapple
Chapter 3: Nicole Montojo
Chapter 4: Sydney Cespedes, Mitchell Crispell, Christina Blackston, Jonathan Plowman, and
Edward Graves
Chapter 5: Logan Rockefeller Harris, Mitchell Crispell, Fern Uennatornwaranggoon, and Hannah Clark
Chapter 6: Nicole Montojo and Beki McElvain
Chapter 7: Celina Chan, Viviana Lopez, Sydney Céspedes, and Nicole Montojo
Chapter 8: Alexander Kowalski, Julia Ehrman, Mitchell Crispell and Fern Uennatornwaranggoon
Chapter 9: Mitchell Crispell
Chapter 10: Logan Rockefeller Harris and Sydney Cespedes
Chapter 11: Mitchell Crispell
Partner Organizations:
Causa Justa :: Just Cause, Chinatown Community Development Center, Marin Grassroots, Monument
Impact, People Organizing to Demand Environmental & Economic Rights (PODER), San Francisco
Organizing Project / Peninsula Interfaith Action , Working Partnerships USA
Acknowledgements:
Research support was provided by Maura Baldiga, Julian Collins, Mitchell Crispell, Julia Ehrman, Alex
Kowalski, Jenn Liu, Beki McElvain, Carlos Recarte, Maira Sanchez, Mar Velez, David Von Stroh, and
Teo Wickland. Report layout and design was done by Somaya Abdelgany.
Additional advisory support was provided by Carlos Romero. This case study was funded in part by
the Regional Prosperity Plan1 of the Metropolitan Transportation Commission as part of the “Regional
Early Warning System for Displacement” project and from the California Air Resources Board2 as part
of the project “Developing a New Methodology for Analyzing Potential Displacement.”
The Center for Community Innovation (CCI) at UC-Berkeley nurtures effective solutions that expand
economic opportunity, diversify housing options, and strengthen connection to place. The Center
builds the capacity of nonprofits and government by convening practitioner leaders, providing techni-
cal assistance and student interns, interpreting academic research, and developing new research out
of practitioner needs.
communityinnovation.berkeley.edu
July 2015
Cover Photographs: Robert Campbell, Ricardo Sanchez, David Monniaux, sanmateorealestateonline.com/Redwood-City, marinretail-
buzz.blogspot.com, trulia.com/homes/California/Oakland , bloomingrock.com, sharks.nhl.com/club/gallery, panoramio.com
1 The work that provided the basis for this publication was supported by funding under an award with the U.S. Department of Hous-
ing and Urban Development. The substance and findings of the work are dedicated to the public. The author and publisher are solely
responsible for the accuracy of the statements and interpretations contained in this publication. Such interpretations do not neces-
sarily reflect the views of the Government.
2 The statements and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the California Air Resources
Board. The mention of commercial products, their source, or their u.
Case Studt on KFC Introduction1) Identify the type of .docxcowinhelen
Case Studt on KFC
Introduction
1) Identify the type of business organization and strategies
2) Key players
Body
1. Opportunities
2. Threats
Closing/Conclusion
1. Make recommendations
2. Offer a plan for implementation
.
Case Study Crocs Revolutionizing an Industry’s Supply Chain .docxcowinhelen
Case Study Crocs: Revolutionizing an Industry’s Supply Chain Model for
Competitive Advantage
If the products sell extremely well, we will
build more in season, and will be back on the
shelves in a few weeks. And we’ll build even
more, and even more, and even more, in that
same season. We’re not going to wait with a
hot new product until next year, when hope-
fully the same trend is alive.
—Ronald Snyder, CEO of Crocs, Inc.1
On May 3, 2007, Crocs, Inc. released its results for the
first quarter of the year. The footwear company,
which had sold its first shoes in 2003, reported reve-
nues of $142 million for the quarter, more than three
times its sales for the first quarter of 2006. Net in-
come, at $0.61 per share was more than 17 percent
of sales, nearly four times higher than the previous
year.2 These results far exceeded market expecta-
tions, which had been for earnings of $0.49 per share
on $114 million of revenue.3 As part of the earnings
release, the company announced a two-for-one stock
split. Immediately after the announcement, the stock
price jumped 15 percent.
The growth and profitability of Crocs, which made
funky, brightly colored shoes using an extremely com-
fortable plastic material, had been astounding. Much
of this growth had been made possible by a highly
flexible supply chain which enabled the company to
build additional product to fulfill new orders quickly
within the selling season, allowing it to respond to un-
expectedly high demand—a capability that was previ-
ously unheard of in the footwear industry. This ability
to fulfill the needs of retailers also made the company
a very popular supplier to shoe sellers.
This success also raised questions about how
the company should grow in the future. Should it
vertically integrate or grow through product line
extension? Should it grow organically or through ac-
quisition? Would potential growth paths exploit
Crocs’ core competencies or defocus them?
CROCS, INC.
In 2002, three friends from Boulder, Colorado went
sailing in the Caribbean. One brought a pair of foam
clog shoes that he had bought from a company in
Canada. The clogs were made from a special mate-
rial that did not slip on wet boat decks, was easy
to wash, prevented odor, and was extremely com-
fortable. The three, Lyndon “Duke” Hanson, Scott
Seamans, and George Boedecker, decided to start a
business selling these Canadian shoes to sailing en-
thusiasts out of a leased warehouse in Florida, as
Hanson said, “so we could work when we went on
sailing trips there.”4 The founders wanted to name
the shoes something that captured the amphibious
nature of the product. Since “Alligator” had already
been taken, they chose to name the shoes “Crocs.”
The shoes were an immediate success, and word
of mouth expanded the customer base to a wide
range of people who spent much of their days stand-
ing, such as doctors and gardeners. In October 2003,
as the business began to grow, th.
Case Studies Student must complete 5 case studies as instructed.docxcowinhelen
Case Studies: Student must
complete 5 case studies
as instructed by course
materials. Fill out form below for 5 different people (imaginary is okay).
Master Herbalist Questionnaire
Date: _____________________
Name: _________________________________ Age: ______ Birth date:_____________
Address: ________________________________________________________________
Home Phone: _________________________ Work Phone:________________________
Height: _________ Weight: _________ 1 year ago:__________ 5 years ago:_________
Occupation: _______________________________________ Full Time Part Time
Living situation: Alone Friends Partner Spouse Parents Children Pets
What are your major health concerns and intentions for your visit today?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Please list any other health care providers or consultants you are currently working with:
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Please list any current health conditions diagnosed by a medical doctor:
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Please use this form
as a source of
reference when
conducting your
Case-Studies.
Treat this part as information only as you are not to treat or prescribe treatment for any specific diseases
It is important to know if the client is receiving treatment from other practitioners and what these entail
Since legally you are not allowed to diagnose disease, it is helpful to get one from an MD
When was your last physical exam?
________________________________________________________________________
Please list all herbs, vitamins, and dietary supplements you are currently taking, includingdosage and frequency:
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
List all medication.
Case Studies in Telehealth AdoptionThe mission of The Comm.docxcowinhelen
Case Studies in Telehealth Adoption
The mission of The Commonwealth
Fund is to promote a high performance
health care system. The Fund carries
out this mandate by supporting
independent research on health care
issues and making grants to improve
health care practice and policy. Support
for this research was provided by
The Commonwealth Fund. The views
presented here are those of the author
and not necessarily those of The
Commonwealth Fund or its directors,
officers, or staff.
For more information about this study,
please contact:
Andrew Broderick, M.A., M.B.A.
Codirector, Center for Innovation
and Technology in Public Health
Public Health Institute
[email protected]
The Veterans Health Administration:
Taking Home Telehealth Services to
Scale Nationally
Andrew Broderick
ABSTRACT: Since the 1990s, the Veterans Health Administration (VHA) has used infor-
mation and communications technologies to provide high-quality, coordinated, and com-
prehensive primary and specialist care services to its veteran population. Within the VHA,
the Office of Telehealth Services offers veterans a program called Care Coordination/
Home Telehealth (CCHT) to provide routine noninstitutional care and targeted care man-
agement and case management services to veterans with diabetes, congestive heart fail-
ure, hypertension, post-traumatic stress disorder, and other conditions. The program uses
remote monitoring devices in veterans’ homes to communicate health status and to cap-
ture and transmit biometric data that are monitored remotely by care coordinators. CCHT
has shown promising results: fewer bed days of care, reduced hospital admissions, and
high rates of patient satisfaction. This issue brief highlights factors critical to the VHA’s
success—like the organization’s leadership, culture, and existing information technology
infrastructure—as well as opportunities and challenges.
OVERVIEW
Since the 1990s, information and communications technologies—including tele-
health—have been at the core of the Veterans Health Administration’s (VHA’s)
successful system-level transformation toward providing continuous, coordinated,
and comprehensive primary and specialist care services. The VHA’s leadership
and culture; underlying health information technology infrastructure; and strong
commitment to standardized work processes, policies, and training have all con-
tributed to the home telehealth program’s success in meeting the chronic care
needs of a population of aging veterans and reducing their use of institutional
care and its associated costs. The home teleheath model also encourages patient
activation, self-management, and helps in the early detection of complications.
To learn more about new publications
when they become available, visit the
Fund's website and register to receive
Fund email alerts.
Commonwealth Fund pub. 1657
Vol. 4
January 2013
www.commonwealthfund.org
www.commonwealthfund.org
mailto:[email pro.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Case Study 1 Applying Theory to PracticeSocial scientists hav.docxcowinhelen
Case Study 1: Applying Theory to Practice
Social scientists have proposed a number of theories to explain juvenile delinquency. Each has its own strengths and weaknesses. For this assignment, go to the following Website, located at http://listverse.com/2011/05/14/top-10-young-killers/ and select one of the juvenile case studies.
After reading the case, select one (1) of the psychological theories discussed in Chapter 4 of the text.
Write a two to three (2-3) page paper in which you:
1. Summarize three (3) key aspects of the juvenile case study that you selected.
2. Highlight at least three (3) factors that you believe are important for one to understand the origins of the juvenile’s delinquent behavior.
3. Apply at least two (2) concepts from the theory that you chose from the text that would help explain the juvenile’s behavior.
4. Identify one (1) appropriate strategy geared toward preventing delinquency that is consistent with the theory you chose.
5. Use at least three (3) quality references. Note: Wikipedia and other Websites do not qualify as academic resources.
Discussion-
"The Changing Family System"
Using what you’ve learned this week, respond to the following prompts in your post:
· Explain at least two (2) roles that different parenting styles play in shaping the overall behavior of children. Next, indicate the significant impacts that each role has in contributing to delinquent behavior among juveniles.
· Think about the following question: Should juvenile delinquents be removed from their home and parent(s) and placed in a foster home or group home if the child continues to commit criminal acts after repeated attempts at treatment and confinement? Based on this question, discuss your thoughts on this subject. Provide support for your response.
Discussion-
"Exploring Monopolies and Oligopolies"
Watch this video, Oligopolies and Monopolistic Competition, to help you prepare for this week’s discussion.
Reply to these prompts by using the company for which you currently work, a business with which your familiar, or a dream business you want to start:
· With your selected business in mind, determine if it is competitive, monopolistic competitive, an oligopoly, or pure monopoly. Explain how you drew your conclusion about its market structure.
· How does the business/firm in this industry determine the price it will charge for the products or services it sells?
Discussion-
"Considering Tradeoffs You Make Every Day"
Let's talk about two tradeoffs we face every day: how we spend our time and money.
We can only do two things with income: spend it or save it. Time is the ultimate resource. We can choose to spend time working to earn an income or we can do other things, broadly classified as leisure. Reply to these prompts to start your discussion:
· How does a change in interest rate affect your decision to spend or save? How would a change in the interest rate affect a firm's decision to invest or save?
· How might an increas.
Case Study - Option 3 BarbaraBarbara is a 22 year old woman who h.docxcowinhelen
Case Study - Option 3: Barbara
Barbara is a 22 year old woman who has recently graduated from college with a psychology degree. She is currently working as a waitress at a popular restaurant near campus, and says she has always planned to attend law school. Barbara was born in a New Orleans, Louisiana. Her mother is an African American who is an assistant manager at a grocery store. Her father is Caucasian and works at a department store. Barbara reports that she was a shy, unattractive child, but that in general her early childhood was "pretty happy." Barbara says that during elementary school, she was constantly harassed by classmates about being of mixed race. Still, she says that she felt very close to her family during this period. She now insists that "I am not black or white, I am me."
Barbara is sexually active and engages in sexual activity with different men at least 1 time a week. Barbara indicates that she does not need protection because she is on the pill. She says she is simply too young to settle down. During her junior year of high school, Barbara had her first serious boyfriend, Morris, who was a high school classmate. She describes the relationship as warm and supportive and they became sexually active during her senior year of high school. They broke up soon after the first sexual interaction. In college, Barbara has dated and she acknowledges some bisexual experimentation. Barbara says that she prefers heterosexual relationships, however.
Although Barbara appears to be a natural athlete, she leads a relatively sedentary lifestyle. She does not exercise regularly and indicates that it is just not enjoyable.
Barbara does not like her job at the restaurant, but seems unwilling to look for other employment. She says that she feels "very jittery" whenever she gets ready for work, and she uses any excuse to take days off. She also refuses to associate with fellow employees, and reports getting very anxious when she was given a surprise birthday party. Recently, she has lost interest in cleaning her house and seldom cooks for herself. She also attends less to her personal grooming.
Diagnosis – Social Anxiety Disorder/Minor Depression
DSM-5 – Diagnostic Criteria for Social Anxiety Disorder
1. Fear or anxiety specific to social settings, in which a person feels noticed, observed, or scrutinized.
2. Typically the individual will fear that they will display their anxiety and experience social rejection,
3. Social interaction will consistently provoke distress,
4. Social interactions are either avoided, or painfully and reluctantly endured,
5. The fear and anxiety will be grossly disproportionate to the actual situation,
6. The fear, anxiety or other distress around social situations will persist for six months or longer and
7. Cause personal distress and impairment of functioning in one or more domains, such as interpersonal or occupational functioning,
8. The fear or anxiety cannot be attributed to a medical disorder, s.
Case Study - Cyberterrorism—A New RealityWhen hackers claiming .docxcowinhelen
Case Study - Cyberterrorism—A New Reality:
When hackers claiming to support the Syrian regime of Bashar Al-Assad attacked and disabled the website of Al Jazeera, the Qatar-based satellite news channel, in September 2012, the act was another act of hacktivism, purporting to promote a specific political agenda over another. Hacktivism has become a very visible form of expressing dissent. Even though there have been numerous incidents reported by the media, the first case of hacktivism was documented in 1989 when a member of the Cult of the Dead Cow hacker collective named Omega coined the term in 1996. However, hacktivism is not the only form of cyber protest and conflict that has everyone from ICT professionals to governments scrambling for solutions. Individuals, enterprises, and governments alike rely in many instances almost completely on network computing technologies, including cloud computing. The international and ever-evolving nature of the Internet along with inadequate law enforcement and the anonymity the global architecture offers creates opportunities for hackers to attack vulnerable nodes for personal, financial, or political gain.
The Internet is also rapidly becoming the political and advocacy platform of choice, bringing with it both positive and negative consequences. Increasingly sophisticated off-the-shelf technologies and easy access to the Internet are significantly increasing incidents of cyberterrorism, netwars, and cyberwarfare. The following are a few examples.
• According to The Israel Electric Company, Israel is attacked 1,000 times a minute by cyberterrorists targeting the country’s infrastructure—water, electricity, communications, and other services.• The New York Times, quoting military officials, said there was a seventeen-fold increase in cyberattacks targeting the US critical infrastructure between 2009 and 2011.• The 2010 Data Breach Investigations Report has data recording more than 900 instances of computer hacking and other data breaches in the past seven years, resulting in some 900 million compromised records. In 2012, the same study listed 855 breaches, resulting in 174 million compromised records in 2011 alone, up from 4 million in 2010.• Another study of 49 breaches in 2011 reported that the average organizational cost of a data breach (including detection, internal response, notification, post notification cost) was $5.5 million. This number was down from $7.2 million in 2010.14 The Telegraph (London) reported that “India blamed a new ‘cyber-jihad’ by Pakistani militant groups for the exodus of thousands of people from India’s north-eastern minorities from its main southern cities in August after text messages warning them to flee went viral.”
There have been recorded instances of nations allegedly engaging in cyberwarfare. The Center for the Study of Technology and Society has identified five methods by which cyberwarfare can be used as a means of military action. These include defacing or di.
Case Study - APA paper with min 4 page content Review the Blai.docxcowinhelen
Case Study - APA paper with min 4 page content
Review the
Blaine
case on the capital structure by understanding the case well enough to help the CEO make informed analysis and decisions on the issues listed in the second paragraph.
I want you to, of course, show me that you understand the situation but then to add the
.
Case Study - Global Mobile Corporation Damn it, .docxcowinhelen
Case Study - Global Mobile Corporation
“Damn it, he's done it again!”
Charlie Newburg had to get up and walk around his office, he was so frustrated. He had been
reviewing the most recent design, parts, and assembly specifications for Global Mobile's latest
smart phone (code named: Nonphixhun) that had been released for production the previous
Thursday. The files had just come back to Charlie's engineering services department with a
caustic note that began, “This one can't be produced, either…” It was the fourth time production
had returned the design.
Newburg, director of engineering for the Global Mobile Corporation, was normally a quiet
person. But the Nonphixhun project was stretching his patience; it was beginning to appear like
several other new products that had hit delays and problems in the transition from design to
production during the eight months Charlie had worked for Global Mobile. These problems were
nothing new at Global Mobile's Asian factory; Charlie's predecessor in the engineering job had
run afoul of them, too, and had finally been fired for protesting too vehemently about the other
departments. But the Nonphixhun phone should have been different. Charlie and the firm's
president, Hannah Hoover, had video-conferenced two months earlier (on July 3, 2006) with the
factory superintendent, Tyson Wang, to smooth the way for the new phone's design. He thought
back to the meeting …
• “Now, we all know there's a tight deadline on the Nonphixhun,” Hannah Hoover said, “and
Charlie's done well to ask us to talk about its introduction. I'm counting on both of you to find
any snags in the system, and to work together to get that first production run out by October
2. Can you do it?” “We can do it in production if we get a clean design two weeks from
now, as scheduled,” answered Tyson Wang, the factory manager. “Charlie and I have already
talked about that, of course. I've spoken with our circuit board and other parts suppliers and
scheduled assembly capacity, and we'll be ready. If the design goes over schedule, though, I'll
have to fill in with other runs, and it will cost us a bundle to break in for the Nonphixhun.
How does it look in engineering, Charlie?” “I've just reviewed the design for the second
time,” Charlie replied. “If Marianne Price can keep the salespeople out of our hair, and avoid
any more last minute changes, we've got a shot. I've pulled my technical support people off of
three other overdue jobs to get this one out. But, Tyson, that means we can't spring engineers
loose to confer with your production people on other manufacturing problems.” “Well
Charlie, most of those problems are caused by the engineers, and we need them to resolve the
difficulties. We've all agreed that production problems come from both of us bowing to sales
pressure, and putting equipment into production before the designs are really ready. That's
just wh.
Case Study #3Apple Suppliers & Labor PracticesWith its h.docxcowinhelen
Case Study #3
Apple Suppliers & Labor Practices
With its highly coveted line of consumer electronics, Apple has a cult following among loyal consumers. During the 2014 holiday season, 74.5 million iPhones were sold. Demand like this meant that Apple was in line to make over $52 billion in profits in 2015, the largest annual profit ever generated from a company’s operations. Despite its consistent financial performance year over year, Apple’s robust profit margin hides a more complicated set of business ethics. Similar to many products sold in the U.S., Apple does not manufacture most its goods domestically. Most of the component sourcing and factory production is done overseas in conditions that critics have argued are dangerous to workers and harmful to the environment.
For example, tin is a major component in Apple’s products and much of it is sourced in Indonesia. Although there are mines that source tin ethically, there are also many that do not. One study found workers—many of them children—working in unsafe conditions, digging tin out by hand in mines prone to landslides that could bury workers alive. About 70% of the tin used in electronic devices such as smartphones and tablets comes from these more dangerous, small-scale mines. An investigation by the BBC revealed how perilous these working conditions can be. In interviews with miners, a 12-yearold working at the bottom of a 70-foot cliff of sand said: “I worry about landslides. The earth slipping from up there to the bottom. It could happen.”
Apple defends its practices by saying it only has so much control over monitoring and regulating its component sources. The company justifies its sourcing practices by saying that it is a complex process, with tens of thousands of miners selling tin, many of them through middle-men. In a statement to the BBC, Apple said “the simplest course of action would be for Apple to unilaterally refuse any tin from Indonesian mines. That would be easy for us to do and would certainly shield us from criticism. But that would also be the lazy and cowardly path, since it would do nothing to improve the situation. We have chosen to stay engaged and attempt to drive changes on the ground.”
In an effort for greater transparency, Apple has released annual reports detailing their work with suppliers and labor practices. While more recent investigations have shown some improvements to suppliers’ working conditions, Apple continues to face criticism as consumer demand for iPhones and other products continues to grow.
Essay directions –
Students will have to identify and analyze the above ethical dilemma. Write a 750 – 1000 word, double-spaced paper, and APA style.
Students are expected to identify the key stakeholders, discussion of the implications of the ethical dilemma, and answer the case study questions. Each paper should have the following sections: • Introduction of the case• The ethical dilemma • Stakeholders • Questions • Conclusions • References .
CASE STUDY (Individual) Scotland In terms of its physical l.docxcowinhelen
CASE STUDY (Individual): Scotland
* In terms of its physical landscape, where is the region that is experiencing a devolutionary process located and what type of climate is prevalent? (use Figure 2.5 and 2.4 of the textbook).
* According to the sources you have consulted, do these physical/natural characteristics have played any role in the historical background for this devolutionary process? How?
* How do the people that inhabit the region you are studying speak about their relationship to the land and the environment? Do they express any ideas on biodiversity conservation?
* Do they say anything about their homeland? If the region you are studying has a website (official or not), what role do maps play on their web site/s?
* Is this region located close to or far from the center of power of the country (the national capital city)?
* Does this condition have any impact on the reasons why they would like to gain at-least more autonomy to make their own decisions?
* According to the source/s you have consulted, what are the main reason/s why this population would like to break-up from the country in which they live in?
Do this/these source/s mention any explanation/s based on cultural or ethnic characteristics? For example, speaking a different language? Which one? Professing a different religion? Which one? Economic disparities
.
Case Study #2 T.D. enjoys caring for the children and young peop.docxcowinhelen
Case Study #2
T.D. enjoys caring for the children and young people in the schools where she works, but sometimes she is faced with tough situations such as suspected child abuse and neglect, teen pregnancy, and alcohol and drug use among teenagers. She works hard to ensure that the children in her schools receive the best care possible.
Question:
Several third graders reports having received no breakfast at home for more than a week. T.D. is exercising Advocacy for the students under her care. What type of actions she might be doing to exercise advocacy for the students?
Discuss this:
Moral distress is a frequent situation where health care providers should face. Please define and discuss a personal experience where you have faced Moral distress in your practice.
Discuss how health promotion relates to morality.
Discuss your insights about your own communication strengths and weaknesses. Identify situations in which it may be difficult for you to establish or terminate a therapeutic relationship.
*
formatted and cited in current APA style with support from at least 2 academic sources.
.
CASE STUDY #2 Chief Complaint I have pain in my belly”.docxcowinhelen
CASE STUDY #2
Chief Complaint:
“I have pain in my belly”
History of Present Illness (HPI):
A 25-year-old female presents to the emergency room (ER) with complaints of severe abdominal pain for 2 weeks . The pain is sharp and crampy It hurts if I run, sit down hard, or if I have sex
PMH:
Patient denies
Drug Hx:
Birth control
Allergies:
NKA
Subjective:
Nausea and vomiting, Last menstrual period 5 days ago, New sexual partner about 2 months ago, No condoms, he hates them No pain, blood or difficulty with urination
Objective Data:
PE:
B/P 138/90; temperature 99°F; (RR) 20; (HR) 110, regular; oxygen saturation (PO2) 96%; pain 5/10
General:
acute distress and severe pain
HEENT:
Atraumatic, normocephalic, PERRLA, EOMI, conjunctiva and sclera clear; nares patent, nasopharynx clear, good dentition. Piercing in her right nostril and lower lip.
Lungs:
CTA AP&L
Card:
S1S2 without rub or gallop
Abd:
INSPECTION: no masses or thrills noted; no discoloration and skin is warm to; no tattoos or piercings; abdomen is nondistended and round
• AUSCULTATION: bowel sounds (BS) are normal in all four quadrants, no bruits noted
• PALPATION: on palpation, abdomen is tender to touch in four quadrants; tenderness noted on light palpation, deep palpation reveals no masses, spleen and liver unremarkable
• PERCUSSION: tympany heard in all quadrants, no dullness noted in abdominal area
GU:
• EXTERNAL: mature hair distribution; no external lesions on labia
• INTROITUS: slight green-gray discharge, no lesions
• VAGINAL: normal rugae; moderate amount of green discharge on vaginal walls
• CERVIX: nulliparous os with small amount of purulent discharge from os with positive cervical motion tenderness (CMT)
• UTERUS: ante-flexed, normal size, shape, and position
• ADNEXA: bilateral tenderness with fullness; both ovaries without masses
• RECTAL: deferred
• VAGINAL DISCHARGE: green in color
Ext:
no cyanosis, clubbing or edema
Integument:
intact without lesions masses or rashes
Neuro:
No obvious deficits and CN grossly intact II-XII
Then answer the following questions:
What other subjective data would you obtain?
What other objective findings would you look for?
What diagnostic exams do you want to order?
Name 3 differential diagnoses based on this patient presenting symptoms?
Give rationales for your each differential diagnosis.
-
Your initial post should be at least 500 words, formatted and cited in current APA style with support from at least 2 academic sources.
.
Case Study #1Jennifer is a 29-year-old administrative assistan.docxcowinhelen
Case Study #1
Jennifer is a 29-year-old administrative assistant married to Antonio, an Italian engineer, whom Jennifer met four years earlier while on a business trip for her marketing company. The couple now lives in Nebraska, where Antonio works for the county's transportation department and Jennifer commutes an hour each way to her marketing office. They have been trying to start a family for over a year. Eight months ago, Jennifer miscarried in her second month of pregnancy. Antonio's parents love Jennifer and often ask her if she is expecting again, hoping to encourage her to focus on her next baby. Jennifer's mother passed away two years ago and her father's health is rapidly deteriorating. Jennifer faces the probability of placing her father in a skilled nursing care facility within the next few months, against his wishes.
At work, Jennifer runs a tight ship. She is organized and prepares lists to assure that everything is done according to schedule. Everyone counts on Jennifer and she takes pride in never letting people down.
Jennifer has visited her physician numerous times in the last six months, complaining of headaches, backaches, and indigestion. Jennifer insists that she is happy and is not feeling stressed, yet she finds herself making more mistakes at work, unable to keep up with housework, and feeling tired and overwhelmed; she has begun to question her effectiveness as an employee, wife, daughter, and potential mother. Her pains seem to be increasing, but her doctor cannot find a physical cause for her discomfort.
Case Study #2
Michael is a 40-year-old airline pilot who has recently begun to experience chest pains. The chest pains began when Michael signed his final divorce papers, ending his 15-year marriage. He fought for joint custody of his two children, ages 12 and 10, but although he wants to be with them more frequently, he only sees them every two weeks. This schedule is, in great part, a result of his employer's announcement that budget constraints would result in layoffs. Michael worries that without his job he will be unable to support his children and lose the new townhouse that he purchased. Michael's chest pains are becoming more frequent and he fears that he may be dying.
Review case studies 1 and 2.
Choose one case study.
Complete the following questions in 150 to 200 words each. Be as detailed as possible and use the information you have learned throughout this course.
• What are the causes of stress in Michael’s or Jennifer’s life? How is stress affecting Michael’s or Jennifer’s health?
• How are these stressors affecting Michael’s or Jennifer’s self-concept and self-esteem?
• How might Michael’s or Jennifer’s situation illustrate adjustment? How might this situation become an opportunity for personal growth?
• What defensive coping methods is Michael or Jennifer using? What active coping methods might be healthier for Michael or Jennifer to use? Explain why you would recom.
Case Study # 2 –Danny’s Unhappy DutyEmployee ProfilesCaro.docxcowinhelen
Case Study # 2 –Danny’s Unhappy Duty
Employee Profiles
:
Carol Brown, Danny Winthrop, Thomas Fletcher
Carol, the Department Secretary for Purchasing and General Stores, has been
working at St. Louis Memorial Hospital for sixteen years, four of which have
been for the present Manager, Dan Winthrop. Carol likes her Boss, who gives
his employees more leeway than most. Carol’s main interests are her work and
her home—traits also typical of the other people who work in the Department.
Carol feels she is part of a close, cooperative group of employees.
Dan, or Danny, as he likes to be called, arrived at St. Louis Memorial four years
ago as a replacement for a Department manager who had been at the Hospital
for a number of years. Danny’s predecessor, Bill Taylor, was very strict in
everything from insisting that employees take exactly one-half hour for lunch
breaks to not having a coffee pot in the Department. When Danny came on
board as a Department Manager, his management style was much less strict.
The result was that Danny’s employees were much happier, and began to meet
and exceed expectations in getting their work done. St. Louis Memorial’s
previous CEO was a good friend and frequently complimented Danny on his
efficient and effective staff. Now a new CEO, Thomas Fletcher, has been hired
by the Hospital’s Board of Directors. Things are about to change.
Thomas Fletcher, new CEO and a recent graduate from a superior school of
hospital management, has always believed in “doing things by the book”.
Thomas originally had wanted to become a doctor, but decided two years into
the process that it was going to take him too long, and that he would be better
off becoming an administrator. He likes the idea of being an administrator,
and wants to be a good one. He has decided to start out his career at St. Louis
Memorial, of the smaller hospitals in the St. Louis area, but hopes to progress to a
a much larger facility in about four years, once he develops a track record at
St. Louis Memorial.
The Challenge: Communication, Criticism and Discipline, Leadership, Motivation,
Rules and Policies
Danny knows his employees quite well. They are generally a happy, cohesive, and cooperative group. They joke around a lot among themselves, but get the work done more than satisfactorily. All of them seem to give a
gr.
Case Study – Multicultural ParadeRead the Case below, and answe.docxcowinhelen
Case Study – Multicultural Parade
Read the Case below, and answer the following questions:
(No references needed, 2 pages double space, label the answer without copying the question in the paper)
1. What images come to mind when you hear the term “costume”? In what ways might it be considered demeaning?
2. Often people conflate “culture,” “ethnicity,” “heritage,” “race,” and “nationality,” or use them interchangeably. How are these concepts different from one another? Is a “Multicultural Day” different than an “International Day”?
3. How is Ms. Morrison’s definition of “cultural clothing” different from her definition of “ethnic heritage”? Did her explanation clarify things for Keisha and Emily?
4. How might activities that require students to share part of their ethnic heritage alienate students or contribute to students’ and teachers’ existing stereotypes and biases?
5. Connect to 3 of the core themes:
(Equity in Education/ Theories of Learning, Culture, and Identity/ Teaching and Learning in a Multicultural Society/ Research and Educational Knowledge )
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Case Study:
In an effort to celebrate the growing racial and ethnic diversity at Eastern School, the school’s Diversity Committee decided to sponsor Multicultural Day. Numerous performers were hired for assemblies and presentations. During the day’s feature event, the “Culture Parade,” students were asked to showcase cultural clothing as they walked through the hallways. Teachers were encouraged by the committee to discuss clothing from countries outside the United States and to invite students who had such clothing to bring it to school for the parade.
Ms. Morrison was excited about Multicultural Day because many of her students had parents who were immigrants. She imagined the day as an opportunity for those students to teach others about their cultures.
A week before the event, Ms. Morrison brought a kilt to class and explained its significance to the students. “This represents my Scottish heritage,” she said, “and I am proud to show it to you today.” She then asked whether students had “special costumes” at home that represented their cultures. Several students raised their hands, which prompted Ms. Morrison to discuss the events planned for Multicultural Day, including the parade.
During dismissal the day before the parade Ms. Morrison announced, “Don’t forget to bring your costumes to class tomorrow!”
The next day, Ms. Morrison was pleased to see several Hmong and Liberian students came with bags of clothing. She saw that two other students, Emily and Keisha, brought clothing, so she inquired about what was in their bags. Emily, a white student excitedly pulled out her soccer uniform, and Keisha, an African American student, pulled jeans and her favorite sweatshirt out of her bag. Ms. Morrison told the two girls she appreciated the.
Case Study THE INVISIBLE SPONSOR1BackgroundSome execut.docxcowinhelen
Case Study : THE INVISIBLE SPONSOR1
Background
Some executives prefer to micromanage projects whereas other executives
are fearful of making a decision because, if they were to make the wrong
decision, it could impact their career. In this case study, the president of the company assigned one of the vice presidents to act as the project sponsor on a project designed to build tooling for a client. The sponsor, however, was reluctant to make any decisions.
Assigning the VP
Moreland Company was well-respected as a tooling design-and-build
company. Moreland was project-driven because all of its income came
from projects. Moreland was also reasonably mature in project management.
When the previous VP for engineering retired, Moreland hired an executive from a manufacturing company to replace him. The new VP for engineering, Al Zink, had excellent engineering knowledge about tooling but had worked for companies that were not project-driven. Al had very little knowledge about project management and had never functioned as a project sponsor. Because of Al’s lack of experience as a sponsor, the president decided that Al should “get his feet wet” as quickly as possible and assigned him as the project sponsor on a mediumsized project. The project manager on this project was Fred Cutler. Fred was an engineer with more than twenty years of experience in tooling design and manufacturing. Fred reported directly to Al Zink administratively.
Fred's Dilemma
Fred understood the situation; he would have to train Al Zink on how to
function as a project sponsor. This was a new experience for Fred because subordinates usually do not train senior personnel on how to do their job. Would Al Zink be receptive?
Fred explained the role of the sponsor and how there are certain project documents that require the signatures of both the project manager and the project sponsor. Everything seemed to be going well until Fred informed Al that the project sponsor is the person that the president eventually holds accountable for the success or failure of the project. Fred could tell that Al was
quite upset over this statement.
Al realized that the failure of a project where he was the sponsor could damage his reputation and career. Al was now uncomfortable about having to act as a sponsor but knew that he might eventually be assigned as a sponsor on other projects. Al also knew that this project was somewhat of a high risk. If Al could function as an invisible sponsor, he could avoid making any critical decisions.
In the first meeting between Fred and Al where Al was the sponsor, Al asked Fred for a copy of the schedule for the project. Fred responded: I’m working on the schedule right now. I cannot finish the schedule until you tell me whether you want me to lay out the schedule based upon best time, least cost, or least risk.
Al stated that he would think about it and get back to Fred as soon as possible.
During the middle of the next week, Fred and Al m.
CASE STUDY Experiential training encourages changes in work beha.docxcowinhelen
CASE STUDY: Experiential training encourages changes in work behavior and growth in one’s abilities, which is accomplished through a multitude of methods. Experiential training has proven to be cost-effective while motivating employees as well as improving self-awareness, personal accountability, teamwork skills, and communication skills (Ritchie, 2011). Additionally, the training methods provide trainees with direct experience, the opportunity to reflect on that experience, and share models to help trainees to deduce using both present and past experience, while accommodating learning styles and strengths (Ritchie, 2011). Valkanos and Fragoulis identify several reasons why experiential training provides value:
1. Ongoing advances in technology requiring changes in knowledge, skills, and abilities
2. Divergence between theory and practice
3. Mergers and acquisitions of enterprises which tend to bring new jobs, organizational culture, and work content
4. Constant environment of change, from working conditions to processes and procedures relating to organizational issues, quality, and new products or services, and requiring new competencies, duties, or work content (Valkanos & Fragoulis, 2007, p. 22).
Method
Description
On-the-job Training
Receives instructions on the functions of their job in their assigned workplace.
Simulators
Teaches employees on how to operate equipment in a given context
Role Playing
Developing interpersonal and business skills, such as decision-making, communication, conflict resolution, and solving complex problems.
Case Study
Develops critical thinking skills to include analytical, higher-level skills, and exploring and resolving complex problems.
Games
Develops general business and organizational principles addressing application in a variety of situations.
Behavior Modeling
Used when learning goals are a rule and inflexible procedures. Provides skills and practice to modify and model behavior.
In-basket Techniques
A variety of items placed in an envelope that reflects what might be found in an inbox. This activity is used to assist trainees in developing and applying their strategic and operational skills.
(Blanchard & Thacker, 2013, pp. 222-223)
References:
· Blanchard, P. N., & Thacker, J. W. (2013). Effective training: Systems, strategies, and practices (5th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education, Inc.
· Valkanos, E., & Fragoulis, I. (2007). Experiential learning – its place in in‐house education and training. Development and Learning in Organizations: An International Journal, 21(5), 21-23. doi:10.1108/14777280710779454
Discussion Question--Choose one perspective in which to respond.
Non-HR Perspective: Your department is not meeting performance expectations. What steps do you take to resolve the issue? Is training a possible solution; if so, which of the above training methods would be the most effective in addressing the issue? Would you, at any point, involve HR--if so, at what point and why?.
Case Study Hereditary AngioedemaAll responses must be in your .docxcowinhelen
Case Study: Hereditary Angioedema
All responses must be in your own words. Answers that have been copied and pasted will not receive credit.
1. Translate “angioedema”. [Note: I am not looking for a description of the disorder. Rather, I would like you to translate the medical term itself.]
2. The complement system is described as a ‘cascade system’. How does the system fit into this description of being a cascade? [Suggestion: Google the definition of cascade, then think about the complement system in light of the definition]
3. Is complement involved in the innate, or the adaptive immune system, or both? Please explain you answer.
4. What role does C1INH play in the complement system? Why is it so important?
5. What was the physiologic cause of Richard’s abdominal pain?
6. How can one distinguish the swelling of HAE from the swelling of allergic angioedema?
7. What is bradykinin’s role in HA?
8. Do you think Richard’s infancy colic was related to his HA? No need to research this. Just use your intuition. Explain your thinking.
9. What is typically used to treat attacks of HAE?
10. Swelling in the extremities is not dangerous. What other areas of the body are subject to swelling? What is the most dangerous location for swelling to occur and why is it the most dangerous?
2018
BUS 308 Week 2 Lecture 1
Examining Differences - overview
Expected Outcomes
After reading this lecture, the student should be familiar with:
1. The importance of random sampling.
2. The meaning of statistical significance.
3. The basic approach to determining statistical significance.
4. The meaning of the null and alternate hypothesis statements.
5. The hypothesis testing process.
6. The purpose of the F-test and the T-test.
Overview
Last week we collected clues and evidence to help us answer our case question about
males and females getting equal pay for equal work. As we looked at the clues presented by the
salary and comp-ratio measures of pay, things got a bit confusing with results that did not see to
be consistent. We found, among other things, that the male and female compa-ratios were fairly
close together with the female mean being slightly larger. The salary analysis showed a different
view; here we noticed that the averages were apparently quite different with the males, on
average, earning more. Contradictory findings such as this are not all that uncommon when
examining data in the “real world.”
One issue that we could not fully address last week was how meaningful were the
differences? That is, would a different sample have results that might be completely different, or
can we be fairly sure that the observed differences are real and show up in the population as
well? This issue, often referred to as sampling error, deals with the fact that random samples
taken from a population will generally be a bit different than the actual population parameters,
but will be “close” enough to the actual.
case studieson Gentrification and Displacement in the Sa.docxcowinhelen
case studies
on Gentrification and Displacement
in the San Francisco Bay Area
Authors:
Miriam Zuk and Karen Chapple
Chapter 3: Nicole Montojo
Chapter 4: Sydney Cespedes, Mitchell Crispell, Christina Blackston, Jonathan Plowman, and
Edward Graves
Chapter 5: Logan Rockefeller Harris, Mitchell Crispell, Fern Uennatornwaranggoon, and Hannah Clark
Chapter 6: Nicole Montojo and Beki McElvain
Chapter 7: Celina Chan, Viviana Lopez, Sydney Céspedes, and Nicole Montojo
Chapter 8: Alexander Kowalski, Julia Ehrman, Mitchell Crispell and Fern Uennatornwaranggoon
Chapter 9: Mitchell Crispell
Chapter 10: Logan Rockefeller Harris and Sydney Cespedes
Chapter 11: Mitchell Crispell
Partner Organizations:
Causa Justa :: Just Cause, Chinatown Community Development Center, Marin Grassroots, Monument
Impact, People Organizing to Demand Environmental & Economic Rights (PODER), San Francisco
Organizing Project / Peninsula Interfaith Action , Working Partnerships USA
Acknowledgements:
Research support was provided by Maura Baldiga, Julian Collins, Mitchell Crispell, Julia Ehrman, Alex
Kowalski, Jenn Liu, Beki McElvain, Carlos Recarte, Maira Sanchez, Mar Velez, David Von Stroh, and
Teo Wickland. Report layout and design was done by Somaya Abdelgany.
Additional advisory support was provided by Carlos Romero. This case study was funded in part by
the Regional Prosperity Plan1 of the Metropolitan Transportation Commission as part of the “Regional
Early Warning System for Displacement” project and from the California Air Resources Board2 as part
of the project “Developing a New Methodology for Analyzing Potential Displacement.”
The Center for Community Innovation (CCI) at UC-Berkeley nurtures effective solutions that expand
economic opportunity, diversify housing options, and strengthen connection to place. The Center
builds the capacity of nonprofits and government by convening practitioner leaders, providing techni-
cal assistance and student interns, interpreting academic research, and developing new research out
of practitioner needs.
communityinnovation.berkeley.edu
July 2015
Cover Photographs: Robert Campbell, Ricardo Sanchez, David Monniaux, sanmateorealestateonline.com/Redwood-City, marinretail-
buzz.blogspot.com, trulia.com/homes/California/Oakland , bloomingrock.com, sharks.nhl.com/club/gallery, panoramio.com
1 The work that provided the basis for this publication was supported by funding under an award with the U.S. Department of Hous-
ing and Urban Development. The substance and findings of the work are dedicated to the public. The author and publisher are solely
responsible for the accuracy of the statements and interpretations contained in this publication. Such interpretations do not neces-
sarily reflect the views of the Government.
2 The statements and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the California Air Resources
Board. The mention of commercial products, their source, or their u.
Case Studt on KFC Introduction1) Identify the type of .docxcowinhelen
Case Studt on KFC
Introduction
1) Identify the type of business organization and strategies
2) Key players
Body
1. Opportunities
2. Threats
Closing/Conclusion
1. Make recommendations
2. Offer a plan for implementation
.
Case Study Crocs Revolutionizing an Industry’s Supply Chain .docxcowinhelen
Case Study Crocs: Revolutionizing an Industry’s Supply Chain Model for
Competitive Advantage
If the products sell extremely well, we will
build more in season, and will be back on the
shelves in a few weeks. And we’ll build even
more, and even more, and even more, in that
same season. We’re not going to wait with a
hot new product until next year, when hope-
fully the same trend is alive.
—Ronald Snyder, CEO of Crocs, Inc.1
On May 3, 2007, Crocs, Inc. released its results for the
first quarter of the year. The footwear company,
which had sold its first shoes in 2003, reported reve-
nues of $142 million for the quarter, more than three
times its sales for the first quarter of 2006. Net in-
come, at $0.61 per share was more than 17 percent
of sales, nearly four times higher than the previous
year.2 These results far exceeded market expecta-
tions, which had been for earnings of $0.49 per share
on $114 million of revenue.3 As part of the earnings
release, the company announced a two-for-one stock
split. Immediately after the announcement, the stock
price jumped 15 percent.
The growth and profitability of Crocs, which made
funky, brightly colored shoes using an extremely com-
fortable plastic material, had been astounding. Much
of this growth had been made possible by a highly
flexible supply chain which enabled the company to
build additional product to fulfill new orders quickly
within the selling season, allowing it to respond to un-
expectedly high demand—a capability that was previ-
ously unheard of in the footwear industry. This ability
to fulfill the needs of retailers also made the company
a very popular supplier to shoe sellers.
This success also raised questions about how
the company should grow in the future. Should it
vertically integrate or grow through product line
extension? Should it grow organically or through ac-
quisition? Would potential growth paths exploit
Crocs’ core competencies or defocus them?
CROCS, INC.
In 2002, three friends from Boulder, Colorado went
sailing in the Caribbean. One brought a pair of foam
clog shoes that he had bought from a company in
Canada. The clogs were made from a special mate-
rial that did not slip on wet boat decks, was easy
to wash, prevented odor, and was extremely com-
fortable. The three, Lyndon “Duke” Hanson, Scott
Seamans, and George Boedecker, decided to start a
business selling these Canadian shoes to sailing en-
thusiasts out of a leased warehouse in Florida, as
Hanson said, “so we could work when we went on
sailing trips there.”4 The founders wanted to name
the shoes something that captured the amphibious
nature of the product. Since “Alligator” had already
been taken, they chose to name the shoes “Crocs.”
The shoes were an immediate success, and word
of mouth expanded the customer base to a wide
range of people who spent much of their days stand-
ing, such as doctors and gardeners. In October 2003,
as the business began to grow, th.
Case Studies Student must complete 5 case studies as instructed.docxcowinhelen
Case Studies: Student must
complete 5 case studies
as instructed by course
materials. Fill out form below for 5 different people (imaginary is okay).
Master Herbalist Questionnaire
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What are your major health concerns and intentions for your visit today?
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Please list any other health care providers or consultants you are currently working with:
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Please list any current health conditions diagnosed by a medical doctor:
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Please use this form
as a source of
reference when
conducting your
Case-Studies.
Treat this part as information only as you are not to treat or prescribe treatment for any specific diseases
It is important to know if the client is receiving treatment from other practitioners and what these entail
Since legally you are not allowed to diagnose disease, it is helpful to get one from an MD
When was your last physical exam?
________________________________________________________________________
Please list all herbs, vitamins, and dietary supplements you are currently taking, includingdosage and frequency:
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List all medication.
Case Studies in Telehealth AdoptionThe mission of The Comm.docxcowinhelen
Case Studies in Telehealth Adoption
The mission of The Commonwealth
Fund is to promote a high performance
health care system. The Fund carries
out this mandate by supporting
independent research on health care
issues and making grants to improve
health care practice and policy. Support
for this research was provided by
The Commonwealth Fund. The views
presented here are those of the author
and not necessarily those of The
Commonwealth Fund or its directors,
officers, or staff.
For more information about this study,
please contact:
Andrew Broderick, M.A., M.B.A.
Codirector, Center for Innovation
and Technology in Public Health
Public Health Institute
[email protected]
The Veterans Health Administration:
Taking Home Telehealth Services to
Scale Nationally
Andrew Broderick
ABSTRACT: Since the 1990s, the Veterans Health Administration (VHA) has used infor-
mation and communications technologies to provide high-quality, coordinated, and com-
prehensive primary and specialist care services to its veteran population. Within the VHA,
the Office of Telehealth Services offers veterans a program called Care Coordination/
Home Telehealth (CCHT) to provide routine noninstitutional care and targeted care man-
agement and case management services to veterans with diabetes, congestive heart fail-
ure, hypertension, post-traumatic stress disorder, and other conditions. The program uses
remote monitoring devices in veterans’ homes to communicate health status and to cap-
ture and transmit biometric data that are monitored remotely by care coordinators. CCHT
has shown promising results: fewer bed days of care, reduced hospital admissions, and
high rates of patient satisfaction. This issue brief highlights factors critical to the VHA’s
success—like the organization’s leadership, culture, and existing information technology
infrastructure—as well as opportunities and challenges.
OVERVIEW
Since the 1990s, information and communications technologies—including tele-
health—have been at the core of the Veterans Health Administration’s (VHA’s)
successful system-level transformation toward providing continuous, coordinated,
and comprehensive primary and specialist care services. The VHA’s leadership
and culture; underlying health information technology infrastructure; and strong
commitment to standardized work processes, policies, and training have all con-
tributed to the home telehealth program’s success in meeting the chronic care
needs of a population of aging veterans and reducing their use of institutional
care and its associated costs. The home teleheath model also encourages patient
activation, self-management, and helps in the early detection of complications.
To learn more about new publications
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Fund's website and register to receive
Fund email alerts.
Commonwealth Fund pub. 1657
Vol. 4
January 2013
www.commonwealthfund.org
www.commonwealthfund.org
mailto:[email pro.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Safalta Digital marketing institute in Noida, provide complete applications that encompass a huge range of virtual advertising and marketing additives, which includes search engine optimization, virtual communication advertising, pay-per-click on marketing, content material advertising, internet analytics, and greater. These university courses are designed for students who possess a comprehensive understanding of virtual marketing strategies and attributes.Safalta Digital Marketing Institute in Noida is a first choice for young individuals or students who are looking to start their careers in the field of digital advertising. The institute gives specialized courses designed and certification.
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Normal Labour/ Stages of Labour/ Mechanism of LabourWasim Ak
Normal labor is also termed spontaneous labor, defined as the natural physiological process through which the fetus, placenta, and membranes are expelled from the uterus through the birth canal at term (37 to 42 weeks
Normal Labour/ Stages of Labour/ Mechanism of Labour
Running Head JUVENILE PROSTITUTIONJUVENILE PROSTITUTION.docx
1. Running Head: JUVENILE PROSTITUTION
JUVENILE PROSTITUTION
Juvenile Prostitution
Human Development and Environments
Name
University Of xxxxxx
Abstract
Juvenile prostitution has disastrous effects to the mental, social,
and physical development of a child. The paper explores the
causes, effects, and prevention approaches that will eliminate
juvenile prostitution. The research will use eco-developmental
theory provides a premise for exploring the investigation on
juvenile prostitution. Effort need to focus on broadening the
2. prevention programs that are community based that helps to
identify vulnerable children before they end up on the streets.
The paper will provide stakeholders with an opportunity to
understand the gravity of juvenile prostitution and develop
appropriate interventions.
Background
In many conventions and tourist cities, child prostitution is
rampant and growing at an alarming rate. According to the
federal bureau of investigation, Atlanta tops among the cities
with the highest number of children who engage in prostitution.
There are concerted efforts of religious groups, lawmakers, and
advocates for juvenile justice in the state. These efforts have
not been fruitful since there is less focus on a lasting solution to
the problem. Critics argue that efforts should be providing a
sustainable program that will prevent vulnerable children from
taking part in the vice. There has been a focus on increasing
penalties for offenders without addressing the cause of the
problem. Despite the stringent laws and penalties, the vice has
continued to thrive. It is critical to note that efforts should be
placed on developing treatment programs that help children who
are sexually exploited. The efforts need to focus on broadening
the prevention programs that are community-based that
contribute to identify vulnerable children before they end up on
the streets.
Introduction
Juvenile prostitution is an issue of concern in the society since
it fuels human trafficking, kidnapping, serial rape, abuse of
human rights, and exploitation. Most of these children are lured
or abducted by traffickers who brand them or beaten into
submission. Those that try to get away are either killed or
tortured. Review of foster care is imperatives since many of
these children are raped and abused in these placements. It is
imperative to note that these children decide to run away since
foster-care homes are inhabitable (Plumridge & Abel, 2001). It
3. is imperative that the discourse should be placed on the role of
child welfare systems since they have failed to identify children
who are trafficked for sex. Even in their knowledge on the
existence of these problems, the child welfare systems argue
that the responsibility is outside their jurisdiction and purview.
The argument is that the perpetrators of the vices are not
caregivers or parents; thus, they shift the responsibility to law
enforcement officers. Breggin (2008) says, “These children are
not routinely interviewed by sexual violence experts, as is done
in other instances of child rape. Nor do prosecutors provide
them the legal protections afforded to other sexually assaulted
minors.” The challenge comes when the law enforcement
officers fail to establish essential protocols that treat these
children as prey of child abuse.
The University of Hampshire carried out research to provide
journalists, advocates, and policymakers an understanding of
the problem as facing the juvenile. The study helped to establish
the intervention approaches used by police. The study
determined that 99% of the juvenile taking part in prostitutions
are female. Among these female juvenile prostitutes, 60% have
a history of running away from their homes (Hines & Finkelhor,
2007). Also, it was noted that 60% of these juvenile prostitutes
are whites and they live in cities. The issue raised by the study
includes whether juvenile prostitution is rendered by children
delinquency or it’s a result of poverty. The study noted that the
challenges that these children face are immense; thus, efforts to
save them should be developed. Another worrying trend is that
police tend to treat teen prostitutes who are fearful as victims.
The authors surmise that “police are doing little about the
challenge at hand, as more than half of the police agencies they
contacted provided no information about arrests. They suggest
better reporting of cases, possibly with mandatory reporting to
the FBI” (Edward, Iritani & Hallfors, 2005). There is clear
evidence that social support is lacking as the number of juvenile
prostitutes is increasing.
The eco-developmental theory provides a premise for exploring
4. the investigation on juvenile prostitution since it integrates
issues such as family systems, social ecology, and lifespan
developmental theories. The theory has been effective in
describing the antisocial behaviors, drug abuse, and sexual risk-
taking behaviors that are consistent with studies on prostitution
(Gibson-Ainyette, Templer & Veaco, 1988). The developmental
factors such as abusive parents and situational factors such as
lack of shelter and poverty are address by the theory. The
theory perceives family as a powerful and proximal influence to
the development of maladaptive and adaptive behavior patterns
among the youths. It suggests that relationship in the family can
affect the social well-being of a child; thus, resulting in deviant
and antisocial behaviors. According to Martin (2001),
“Physiological changes in response to stress appear to have a
worlwidel and adverse impact on neurological development,
altering systems related to stress response, affect regulation,
memory, social and emotional development, and cognition.” The
neglect and sexual abuse of children develop cascading effects
in their lives; thus, they need to be treated as a victim than
offenders. The theory notes that these children will suffer
strained relationships, fail in school, engage in drug abuse,
develop poor interpersonal skills, and involve in crime (Gibbs
& Augustine, 1992). These affects their ability to think; thus,
make sex trade normative and available solution to their misery.
Causes
Many girls who run away from their home or foster care find
themselves in juvenile prostitution by default. It is critical to
note that they might have made a poor decision, but they are not
grownups to underscore the difficulties in life. Many have been
brought up in a family where they get everything until they lose
care of their relatives and guardians. It is easy for society not to
see them as victims of abuse and serial rape. They are left with
no option but to fend for themselves and sometimes treated by
law enforcement as child offenders. Studies released by FBI
shows that many young people entered into the juvenile justice
system for charges of prostitutions (Gemme & Malenfant,
5. 1989). The judges find it impossible to send these children to
streets where the traffickers will be waiting or taking them to
foster homes, which they consider inhabitable and prone to
running away. The judges believe that detaining these girls is
the best option since there are no exceptionally safe options.
The perpetrators of rape are never arrested for child
endangerment, statutory rape or sexual assault to minors.
Morton (2001) says, “Perhaps it is too difficult to accept what
happens on U.S. soil, to our daughters. Regardless, we must call
this trafficking by the actual phrase: serial, systematized rape.”
The challenge is whether one can be imprisoned for abuse
melted against her.
Most of these children come from a poor background with many
having histories of truancy. More so, there are those that run
away from their homes after they are sexually assaulted. Once
these children end up on the streets, they face many challenges
hat place them in danger of engaging in prostitution. Many of
these children do not survive life on the street since some are
killed or battered. Those that survive do engage in drug and
alcohol abuse where they live an irresponsible life. Wolak,
Mitchell, and Finkelhor (2003) notes “Many of these children
find themselves in prostitution after being lured away from the
foster case by an elderly male who is willing to shower them
with pleasantries and affection, which he later withholds should
the children fail to agree to engage in prostitution.” These
frustrations have forced many to contract diseases and develop
psychiatric disorders. The cycle can repeat itself when these
children recreate these problems to their offspring; thus,
compounding the problem. Instead of punishing the first time
offenders, they should be forced to attend classes to learn on the
broader social harm that they are causing to society.
Effects
The ramification of juvenile prostitution is extensive and
damaging to the society. It can be noted that these children who
are involved in prostitution are uneducated. Thus, they are
manipulated, rejected, and discriminated by their families and
6. society. Most of them lack basic health care services that affect
their wellbeing, physical, and mental health. Those that are
restricted to move for fear of running away suffer unhygienic
conditions (Edward, Iritani & Hallfors, 2005). The spread of
diseases is high among these children since some molesters
refuse to use any protection. The psychological and physical
humiliation that these children go through is unimaginable. The
illness that these kids go through does damage their ego and
self-esteem. It should be understood that these children suffer
infection, pain, vaginal tearing, unwanted pregnancy, and after-
effects of physical torture. The children do not trust the adults;
thus, they cannot report cases of abuse, or they feel that it is
normal. These individuals take advantage of children docility
and inability to defend themselves to exploit them.
Solution
s
The lawmakers should endeavor to develop policies and
legislation that stem the problem that controlling. Programs that
train social workers, law enforcement officers, and teachers
should be supported. The focus should be on preventing placing
children at risk and identify signs of prostitution and child
abuse in society. Hines and Finkelhor (2007) says, “Perception
plays an enormous role in relaying how victims of the
commercial sexual exploitation of children ,are handled and
treated. The public has a false understanding of the problem,
mostly because of media portrayals and the stereotypes that
7. emerge.” Developing plans and spreading knowledge on the
essence of protecting children is imperative in helping those
that are at risk. It is essential that the interventions be placed on
prevention before damage occurs. Comprehensive and
responsible public education is imperative
Children exploitation and sexual abuse is a complex issue that
requires a well-developed and integrated response to stem the
vice. Ending the vice requires society to create and implement
strategies with more involvement of all stakeholders.
Coordinating and networking among service providers is
imperative in making routine and random inspections. Integral
interventions are key in addressing sexual exploitation and
abuse of young children. Raine (2002) says, “Organizations
should be free in sharing information with professionals
handling child sexual abuse and sexual exploitation so that they
can work together toward a comprehensive actionable solution
to the issue.” It is essential that evaluation and monitoring of
these efforts be done to establish the effectiveness of developed
interventions. Children from poor backgrounds should be
education and offered with income generating programs. The
programs can be critical in alleviating poverty, childhood
trauma, and abuse of alcohol. The children who have been left
hopeless and depend on abusive relationship need to be
empowered appropriately. The approach should be personal
centered and non-judgmental. It is critical to enable these
8. individuals to have a sense of pride and control over their lives
and experiences. As stated, these interventions should not be
imposed on the victims.
Literature Review
In the efforts to understand the reasons why many young people
are involved in prostitution, scholars explored the history of
prostitutes, family background, work-related and educational
experiences, as well as, the psychological factors (Wolak,
Mitchell, & Finkelhor, 2003). A noticeable research topic
explored by scholars include the relationship between family
dysfunctional and their involvement in prostitution. The
researcher explored issues such as sexual, emotional, substance,
and physical abuse. Many concluded that these juvenile
prostitutes had a history of sexual abuse. Plumridge (2001)
found out that “found that many prostitutes were victims of
intra-familial childhood physical and sexual abuse. Further,
many young males and females ran away from abusive
environments, and once on the streets they were exposed to a
variety of conditions that influenced their decision to
prostitute.” Many of these children found themselves in
prostitution out of their control
Psychological issues
Researchers focused on the effects of psychological
development on the life of a child and influence on prostitution
(Plumridge & Abel, 2001). The disruptions in the psychological
9. and psychosexual development affect growth and decision-
making abilities of children. It results in a non-ego and
destructive behaviors that influence their choice into joining
prostitution. The gap between the moral judgment and reasoning
affects children’s ability to make informed choices; thus, are
influenced to join prostitution. Saphira (2001) says, “Young
prostitutes who were sexually abused at tender ages experienced
a severe loss of self-esteem, and they portrayed poor physical
and mental condition. The process of becoming involved in
prostitution by exploring the impact of the social structure.”
The author noted that social structures such as gender
stereotypes, cultural factors, employment structures, and
schools to be contributing factors. The responses of victims and
sexual abuse train and prepare these children into prostitution.
Homelessness
The reasons that are associated with children running away from
their homes and foster-care centers includes sexual and physical
abuse, sexual orientation, and psychological issues (Hines &
Finkelhor, 2007). These factors do not clearly describe
motivation into prostitution. However, it can be noted that when
children are away from responsible guardians, they become
vulnerable to sex predators. It is imperative to explore the
variables that propel young girls to engage in prostitution. As
noted, the children who run away from their homes owing to
physical and sexual abuse, they develop a desire to gain easy
10. money. They were brought up in an environment where they
received their basic need from their guardians and parents. In
the streets, there are no one to care for them; thus, they are
tempted to enter into prostitution to get money. Rutter (2006)
found out that “many youths lacked the education and
employment skills necessary to subsist, thereby contributing to
their decision to prostitute. Situational difficulties associated
with the street makes prostitution an alternative option for some
youth such as prostitution for money, shelter, and drugs.” Those
that moved from their homes in search of freedom and
independence, they discover life being difficult on the streets.
Essentially, the factors that force a child to be homeless offers
them an impetus to engage in prostitution for money.
Studies have shown that little efforts are done by law
enforcement authorities who ignore the plight of homeless
persons. There are underfunded and dysfunctional serve
agencies that struggle to provide critical services to children in
the streets. In this era of shrinking safety nets and growing
poverty, prostitution has thrived and continue to attract many
youths. Research conducted by Wolak, Mitchell, and Finkelhor
(2003) shows three salient themes that precipitate the youths to
engage in delinquency and crime. They concluded that
“Disruptive family conditions encourage some youth to run
away from home. 2) Once on the streets, conditions associated
with homelessness propels involvement in crime is related to
11. the theft of food, issues of youth unemployment and lack of
shelter are related to participation in prostitution. 3) The street
culture gives rise criminal networks - street youth become
involved in tutelage relationships which increase their
participation in crime and delinquency.” In essence, prostitution
has transformed the social setting that makes it easier for young
people to be lured into the practice. Situational poverty and
gender-based violence have created a demand for sexual
services in many cities (Gibson-Ainyette, Templer & Veaco,
1988). It has to be noted that prostitution is not restricted to
developing countries alone, but to developed countries too.
The study by Worth (2000) brings into focus the challenges that
young prostitutes go through and the causes that lead to the
vice. It is critical to note that youth involvement in prostitution
is destroying the social fabric of society. Children are becoming
delinquent and abused in efforts to source for income through
prostitution. Regardless of age, many prostitutes have been
subjected to unjust law enforcement and discriminatory
legislation (Gibbs & Augustine, 1992). The perpetrators of the
vice have received immunity, or the society does not care about
these young prostitutes. Researchers argue that there is nothing
called juvenile prostitution, but term the vice children sexual
assault. These children have been forced by physical and sexual
abuse at their homes, which force them to venture into the street
that is equally brutal. Worth (2000) adds, “On a psychological
12. level, the child can also show several symptoms, amounting to
depression, personality or sexual orientation mixups, problems
with behavior, trouble sleeping, and loss of self-confidence.” It
is critical that concerned individuals take measures to censure
action of men who procure sexual services from young girls.
Recommendation for future study
There have been knowledge gaps in literature to provide future
researchers ideas to explore the issue. Research that explores
law enforcement practices and legislative amendments should
be studied extensively to develop policies that censure men who
procure sexual services from youths. In other words, studying
efforts of law enforcement on spread and involvement of youth
in prostitution is imperative. Moreover, research needs to be
carried to establish the factors that are fuelling men to demand
for sexual services among the youths. The study can be critical
in establishing a working intervention that will lessen juvenile
prostitution (Gemme & Malenfant, 1989). The future study
should confront policies in place that is designed to deter men
from seeking sexual services from juveniles. There should be a
focus on factors that precede involvement of juveniles into the
sex trade. These efforts are imperative in developing policies
that will deter men from seeking sexual services and
involvement of youth in the vice. Finally, the research needs to
explore opinions of prostitutes on the role of law enforcement
in addressing juvenile prostitution. There is a need for an all-
13. inclusive and integrated approach that studies broader political
and social context that causes increased involvement of youths
in prostitution (Edward, Iritani & Hallfors, 2005). The approach
is critical since it will lead to the development of viable
solutions that will deter prostitution.
Conclusion
Some factors contribute to child prostitution include human
trafficking, poverty, dysfunctional family, poor education, and
poor parenting. It is disheartening to note that some
governments use child prostitution as a source of tourist
attraction. Deception and human trafficking are factors that
cause children prostitution thrive. Dysfunctional families play a
role in forcing children to prostitution. Lack of adequate
parental care makes them prone to sexual predators. Concerted
efforts by all stakeholders are imperative in making sure that
the vice is eliminated. Therese efforts are showing results since
juvenile prostitutes are not treated as criminals, but victims. It
is essential that the society understands that these children need
protection. They should not be quick to judge and castigate
them for something that is never their fault.
14. References
Breggin, P.A. (2008). Brain disabling Treatments in Psychiatry:
Drugs, Electroshock, and the Psychopharmaceutical Complex.
(2nd Edition) New York: Springer University Press.
Edward, J.M., Iritani, B.J., & Hallfors, D.D. (2005). Prevalence
and correlates of exchanging sex for drugs or money among
adolescents in the United States. Sexually Transmitted Diseases,
82, 354-358.
Gemme, R. & L. Malenfant, L. (1989) Street Prostitution:
Assessing the Impact of the Law, Montreal. Ottawa: Department
of Justice.
Gibbs, E. &. Augustine, B. (1992) Childhood Correlates of
Career Prostitution. Unpublished Paper.
15. Gibson-Ainyette, I., Templer, R. & Veaco, B. (1988)
“Adolescent Female Prostitutes” Archives of Sexual Behavior,
Vol.17, pp.431-438.
Hines, D.A., & Finkelhor, D. (2007). Statutory sex crime
relationships between juveniles and adults: A review of social
scientific research. Aggression & Violent Behavior, 12, 300-
314.
Martin, S. (2001) “Protecting environment and children
everywhere,” Sri Lanka Peace Newsletter, 39, June.
Morton, M. (2001) “Prostitution and fellatio” Journal of Sexual
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Plumridge, L., & G. Abel, (2001) “A ‘segmented ‘sexual
industry in New Zealand: sexual and personal safety of female
sex workers” Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public
Health, 25 (1):78-83.
Plumridge, L. (2001) “Rhetoric, reality, and risk outcomes in
sex work” Health Risk & Society, 3(2):2001.
Raine, A. (2002). The biological basis of crime. In J.Q Wilson
& J. Petrsilia (Eds.) Crime: Public policies for crime control.
Oakland: ICS Press.
Rutter, M. (2006). Genes and Behavior: Nature-Nurture
Interplay Explained. Boston: Blackwell.
Saphira, M. (2001). The Commercial Exploitation of Children,
ECPAT, Auckland.
Wolak, J., Mitchell, K.J.,and Finkelhor, D. (2003). Internet sex
16. crimes against minors: The response of law enforcement (No.
10-03-022). Alexandria, VA: National Center for Missing and
Exploited Children.
Worth H. (2000). “Up on K Road on Saturday night: sex, gender
and sex work in Auckland” Venereology, 13(1)
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