6 ohm's law
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Ohm's Law (V = IR) describes the relationship between voltage (V), current (I), and resistance (R) in an electrical circuit. The experiment explores this relationship by measuring the voltage and current through a fixed resistor in a circuit as the variable resistor is adjusted to different positions. A graph of voltage versus current for the fixed resistor will yield a straight line, and the slope of the line equals the resistance based on Ohm's Law. The experimental resistance value is then compared to the known constant resistance to calculate the percent error.
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Newton's three laws of motion describe the relationship between an object and the forces acting upon it. The first law, also known as the law of inertia, states that if a body is at rest or moving at a constant speed in a straight line, and no external force acts upon it, it will continue its state of motion. Galileo was the first to realize that a force is needed to change an object's velocity but not to maintain it, which he called inertia. Newton built upon Galileo's idea of inertia to formulate his first law. Examples of inertia in daily life include passengers continuing to move forward when a bus brakes or items falling when a moving vehicle stops suddenly.
Ohms law
Ohm's Law explains the relationship between voltage, current, and resistance in a circuit. Voltage is the pressure behind current flow, measured in volts. Current refers to the quantity of electrical flow, measured in amps. Resistance opposes current flow, measured in ohms. According to Ohm's Law, if voltage is constant, increasing resistance decreases current, and decreasing resistance increases current.
Factors affecting resistance
The document discusses several factors that affect resistance in conductors:
- Resistance increases with length and decreases with cross-sectional area. It is directly proportional to length and inversely proportional to area.
- Resistance also depends on the material used and increases with temperature for most metals. Different materials have different resistivities.
- Examples are given of how resistance changes with these factors in various applications like variable resistors. Formulas are provided relating resistance, length, area, resistivity, and temperature.
Series and parallel circuits, venn diagram
The document provides instructions for students to compare and contrast a series and parallel circuit by listing their similarities and differences using a Venn diagram. Students are then asked to discuss their findings with peers and check their work against examples on the board. Finally, students must explain the similarities between the circuits in one paragraph and the differences in another paragraph, using provided linking words.
Ohms law
Ohm's Law describes the relationship between voltage, current, and resistance in an electrical circuit. Voltage is the "push" of electricity and is measured in volts. Current is the flow of electricity and is measured in amps. Resistance opposes the flow of current and is measured in ohms. Ohm's Law states that current is directly proportional to voltage and inversely proportional to resistance. Using Ohm's Law, the voltage, current, or resistance in a circuit can be calculated if two of the three values are known. Resistors are used to decrease voltage in a circuit and are marked with color bands to indicate their resistance value. Circuits can be connected in series or parallel, and understanding circuit diagrams
Electricity: Resistance
The document discusses electricity and resistance. It defines resistance as the ratio of voltage to current and explains that resistance depends on a material's resistivity, length, and cross-sectional area. It introduces Georg Ohm and Ohm's Law, which states that voltage and current are directly proportional. Resistors are circuit elements that produce voltage proportional to current according to Ohm's Law. Conductors contain movable electric charges like electrons that allow current to flow. Insulators contain fewer movable charges and resist current. The document contrasts alternating and direct current, noting that DC involves a constant unidirectional flow of charge.
factors affecting internal resistance/emf of the cell
This document discusses internal resistance, electromotive force (EMF), and using an oscilloscope to measure voltage and frequency from a signal generator. It explains how to create batteries from lemons and measure their internal resistance. It also covers how oscilloscopes can be used as voltmeters to measure DC and AC voltage, and how they can measure frequency. The document contains questions about batteries, internal resistance, EMF, RMS voltage, AC power, and using an oscilloscope.
Electricity Parallel And Series Circuit (Hbl Wk2)
This document discusses electric circuits and the factors that affect the brightness of a bulb. It explains that the brightness of a bulb depends on the number of batteries used and their arrangement in the circuit. Specifically, it states that a bulb will be brighter with more batteries in series or when batteries are arranged in series rather than parallel. It also notes that bulbs will be brighter when arranged in parallel rather than in series. The document provides examples and diagrams to illustrate these concepts.
Series and parallel circuits
This document discusses series and parallel circuits. It defines series circuits as those where components are arranged in sequence, with current passing through each component. Parallel circuits have components arranged in branches, with the same voltage applied across each. The key formulas are provided: for series circuits current is the same through each component but voltage adds up, while for parallel circuits voltage is the same across each branch but currents combine. Examples are given applying the formulas to calculate total resistance in series, parallel and combined series-parallel circuits. Measurement devices like multimeters are also introduced.
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factors affecting internal resistance/emf of the cell
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Similar to 6 ohm's law
Lab 5 BASIC CIRCUITS( Resistors, Voltage,and Current with.docx
Lab 5: BASIC CIRCUITS
( Resistors, Voltage,
and Current with MATLAB adapted from P-178 DC Circuit Labs )
Introduction
:
Electric circuits can be defined as closed or continuous paths in which electric currents are confined and around which electric currents can be caused to flow. Electrical circuits are an essential part of daily living, and may be found in heavy and light industry, commercial installations and operations, and residential applications. Modern life and its many conveniences seem inconceivable without the use of electric circuits.
The total resistance of a circuit is the sum of the individual resistances of the power source, the wiring, and the load. The load resistance is generally much higher than either the resistance of the power source or the wiring. The resistances of the wiring are usually neglected in classroom laboratory experiments. Very rarely is circuit wiring significant in experimental work. In these cases we consider the loads resistances to be the only resistance. Wiring resistance may be considerable in the case of transmission cables, as well as telephone lines, which are many miles long, and we have a lab which investigates and calculates the resistance in such cables and the lost power and energy due to these lengths.
If an arbitrary load of relatively low resistance were connected to an existing power supply or voltage source, an excessive current might flow to the load, causing burn up or other malfunctions with the load and wiring.
The current can be reduced
by reducing the source voltage, but this is not always feasible and is frequently impossible. The resistances of the voltage source or the load could be increased, but these are usually built right into the source or load. Resistances of connecting wires are so low that miles would be needed to increase the circuit resistance by more than a few dozen ohms. A selection of materials for connecting wires might be useful, but a better method would be to creation of a device that is specifically a resistor that can be included with the circuit to give the net or total resistance needed to provide the desired current for the voltage source involved.
In any DC circuit, the total current is equal to the power source voltage divided by the total or equivalent resistance. For a Series Circuit, this is the only current. This means that if the current in some portion of the circuit is known, the total current and the current through every part of the circuit is known. The sum of the voltage drops across the resistors in series is equal to the power supply voltage.
In Parallel Circuits, the total current from the power source divides into different paths as in approaches the parallel branches. The voltage drop across parallel branches is the same for all the branches. If the voltage drop for one branch is known, the voltage drop for all the parallel branches is known.
The sum of the currents in the various branches is equal to the current from the po.
Name __________________________________
This document describes an experiment investigating the laws of refraction using a simulation. Students will explore how the angle of refraction changes when light passes from air to water and vice versa. They will verify Snell's law, which relates the indices of refraction and angles of incidence and refraction. Students will also use Snell's law to calculate angles of refraction for different materials and scenarios, and check their calculations against the simulation results.
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE .docx
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE
LABORATORY EXPERIMENT
The Potentiometer
Name:_________________________
ID:____________________________
Date:___________________________
Experiment-ThePotentiometer.doc Page 2
LABORATORY EXPERIMENT
The Potentiometer Circuit
Introduction
One of the original purposes of the potentiometer was to measure an unknown voltage
using a known voltage as a reference. The potentiometer comprises a series of
precision resistors which can be placed in series with a precision slide-wire resistor to
create a known resistance. The instrument is connected to known and unknown
voltages and the resistors are adjusted until the voltages are in balance. It is used in
conjunction with a galvanometer which indicates when zero current flows and that the
variable resistance is correctly adjusted. One advantage of using a potentiometer circuit
to determine the value of an unknown voltage source is that, when the potentiometer
circuit is balanced, no current flows through the circuit which avoids inaccurate
measurements due to internal resistances. More common applications of the
potentiometer can be seen in the volume control on a radio or stereo, although this has
been superseded by digital controls which click up or down.
Today’s experiment expands on the techniques introduced in the laboratory,
Measurement of Resistance, again using concepts given by Ohm’s and Kirchhoff’s laws.
Aims
Today’s laboratory aims to teach students how to connect a variety of electrical circuits
in order to undertake reliable electrical measurements. This exercise is primarily a
practical one which will:
(a) provide experience in wiring up a potentiometer circuit,
(b) use that circuit to measure unknown emfs,
(c) use a potentiometer to calibrate an ammeter
Reference
Serway, R. A. and Beichner, R.J. (2000), Physics for Scientists and Engineers with
Modern Physics, 5th ed., Saunders College Publishing, Ch. 28.
Preliminary Questions
The Concept of a Potentiometer
1. State the difference between the terms, electromotive force (emf) and terminal
voltage, when referring to a battery? Include a reason for the numerical difference
between the two in your answer and an equation relating the emf, , to the terminal
voltage, V.
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_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
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Introduction of multisim
These documents shows the working details about the multisim software.it also tells how we makes the circuit on the multisim.
Circuits ch27
This document provides an overview of circuits and discusses single-loop circuits. Some key points:
- An emf device, like a battery, maintains a potential difference between its terminals by doing work on charge carriers as they flow from the negative to positive terminal.
- In a single-loop circuit with a battery and resistor, the battery drives current through the resistor from high to low potential.
- Using the energy method, the work done by the battery equals the thermal energy dissipated in the resistor, allowing the current to be calculated.
- Using the potential method and Kirchhoff's loop rule, the sum of potential differences around any complete loop must be zero, also allowing the
Electricity and Electromagnetism (experimental study)
You’ll understand the way to calculate and measure resistance in parallel and series circuits by knowing two of the three values of voltage, current, or resistance. In this experiment, there are 3 resistors, 1 power supply and wires you need for connecting resistors to each other, then to power supply. You can measure each resistor by an ohmmeter, voltages by voltmeter and currents by amperemeter (ammeter), while all of them can be measured by a multimeter. Use a multimeter for measuring resistance for better accuracy.
Ecet 110 Success Begins / snaptutorial.com
1. (TCO 4) For the series-parallel circuit given in Figure 3.1 below, determine the total resistance RT between the terminals labeled A and B
2. (TCO 4) For the circuit given in Figure 3.3, obtain the following quantities.
a) Currents I1 and I2
b) Power dissipated by the resistor R3
3. (TCOs 2,3,4) Determine the unknown quantities I1, V2, and V3
Power Circuits and Transforers-Unit 3 Labvolt Student Manual
This document discusses determining equivalent capacitance for series and parallel capacitors. It explains that capacitance opposes changes in voltage across capacitor terminals and depends on factors like dielectric material and plate size/spacing. The exercise objectives are to calculate equivalent capacitance using circuit measurements and explain how capacitance values combine in series and parallel configurations.
2014 PV Distribution System Modeling Workshop: Modeling Effective Grounding f...
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1) The document proposes using differential evolution to optimally place SVCs and IPFCs in an electrical power system to reduce losses and improve voltage profiles under different load and contingency conditions.
2) It applies the technique to the IEEE 14-bus test system and presents results showing reductions in real power losses and improvements to voltage profiles with the optimal placement of FACTS devices.
3) The key findings are that optimal placement of both SVCs and IPFCs further reduces losses and improves voltages over using SVCs alone. Placement of the devices provides benefits under normal, overload, and contingency scenarios.
Relay operation principles
This document describes various principles of relay operation used in power systems. It discusses several categories of relays including level detection relays, magnitude comparison relays, differential relays, phase angle comparison relays, distance relays, pilot relays, harmonic content relays, and frequency sensing relays. It also describes some common relay designs such as plunger-type electromechanical relays and their operating characteristics. Relay principles can be based on detecting changes in current, voltage, phase angles, harmonic components, or frequency during fault conditions.
ABE Review Class July 2022.pptx
This document discusses conductors, insulators, semiconductors, direct current, alternating current, current, voltage, resistance, Ohm's law, series circuits, parallel circuits, series-parallel circuits, electric power, inductors, inductive reactance, and time constants in LR series circuits. Key concepts covered include the definitions of conductors, insulators, and semiconductors; Ohm's law formulas; formulas for calculating total resistance, current, and voltage in series, parallel, and series-parallel circuits; power formulas; inductance formulas for inductors in series and parallel; and expressions for calculating current and induced emf in LR series circuits.
Ch 20 Electric Circuits
This document outlines the key learning objectives and content covered in Chapter 20 on Electric Circuits. The chapter covers current, resistance, power, Ohm's law, series and parallel circuits, capacitors, and more. The learning objectives are to understand concepts like current, conductivity, resistance, Ohm's law, and how resistors behave in series and parallel combinations. Students should be able to apply concepts like equivalent resistance, voltage division, and Kirchhoff's rules to solve circuit problems. The chapter also covers capacitors and RC circuits.
120A WOBC ELO1
This document provides an introduction to fundamental concepts of electricity and electric circuits. It discusses key terms like voltage, current, and resistance. The document explains that electricity is the flow of electrons and is measured in units like volts and amps. Circuit analysis revolves around a few fundamental laws, including Ohm's law which states that current is directly proportional to voltage and inversely proportional to resistance. The document presents exercises to help understand and apply Ohm's law by measuring voltage and current in different circuits.
Sumario 653 659
This document discusses electric circuit diagrams and key circuit concepts:
1. Schematic diagrams use standardized symbols to represent electric circuits and their components.
2. A circuit provides a complete path for electric charges to move through electrical components like resistors, batteries, and switches.
3. Resistors connected in series have the same current, and their equivalent resistance is the sum of individual resistances. Resistors in parallel have the same potential difference and their equivalent resistance is calculated using an inverse relationship.
Series circuits
1. The document discusses series circuits and how voltage is divided among resistors in series. It explains that the total resistance of resistors in series is equal to the sum of the individual resistances.
2. A key concept covered is the voltage divider rule - the voltage across each resistor in a series circuit is directly proportional to the ratio of its resistance to the total resistance.
3. Applications of voltage dividers include using potentiometers (variable resistors) to obtain a variable output voltage from a fixed voltage source.
Power Circuits and Transforers-Unit 1 Labvolt Student Manual
This document discusses fundamentals of electrical circuits, including basic concepts, symbols, and terminology. It covers topics like voltage, current, resistance, and Ohm's law. The document contains detailed information and diagrams about atomic structure, electric fields, resistance of materials, and measuring voltage and current using a data acquisition system. It provides objectives and procedures for an exercise to demonstrate and apply Ohm's law using circuit measurements.
Sheet1ResistorcolorResistance (kohms)40 ohm resistor39.94 ohm1brow.docx
Sheet1ResistorcolorResistance (kohms)40 ohm resistor39.94 ohm1brown black yellow silver1322red1823brown green orange13.34brown gray orange gold18.35green1836blue black red gold60.67orange blue orange gold34.4k ohmsmeasured resistanceSeries Circuit1,2,5497.498Mohms3,4,76666Kohms1,6,5375.6.377Mohms7,3,4,2248248KohmsK ohms TheoreticalParallel1,2,553.95543,4,76.2936.31,5,633.8533.92,3,4,76.086.09HybridK ohms TheoreticalK ohms observed1 in series 2 and 5 in parallel223.2223.93 in series and 4 and 7 in parallel25.225.21 in series and 6 and 5 in parallel177.5178
Sheet2Characteristic CurvemVmALight bulb3.83.336.933.861.75590.377118951521131901292491463501635501819522091440228153023425702844070345-0.05-0.056-6.51-5.98-13.2-12.1-25.8-23.7-54.4-48.9-95.5-80.6-126-101-395-168-327-159-211-134-784-195-531-178-1570-236-2500-281-4060-345
3.8 36.9 61.7 90.3 118 152 190 249 350 550 952 1440 1530 2570 4070 -0.05 -6.51 -13.2 -25.8 -54.4 -95.5 -126 -395 -327 -211 -784 -531 -1570 -2500 -4060 3.3 33.799999999999997 55 77 95 113 129 146 163 181 209 228 234 284 345 -5.6000000000000001E-2 -5.98 -12.1 -23.7 -48.9 -80.599999999999994 -101 -168 -159 -134 -195 -178 -236 -281 -345
Sheet3Characteristic CurvemVmADiode2.330.032.930.0370.0370016732307443976867.77931218142008302918444263.160.034.540.0324.40.03700.031860.032700.045821.156172.396504.86666.844320.06-2.340.02-260.02-320.03-9900.04
2.33 2.93 7 700 732 744 768 793 814 830 844 3.16 4.54 24.4 70 186 270 582 617 650 666 432 -2.34 -26 -32 -990 0.03 0.03 0.03 16 30 39 67.7 121 200 291 426 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.04 1.1499999999999999 2.39 4.8 6.84 0.06 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.04
Sheet5Characteristic CurveResistormVmA132k ohms2.28-0.00131-0.00115602320.0015300.0037220.00411110.00719900.01423600.01752000.03965400.04994300.071178000.135-2.32-0.001-33-0.001-283-0.003-1120-0.01-1850-0.015-3040-0.024-6940-0.054-10500-0.082-17800-0.138
2.2799999999999998 31 156 232 530 722 1111 1990 2360 5200 6540 9430 17800 -2.3199999999999998 -33 -283 -1120 -1850 -3040 -6940 -10500 -17800 -1E-3 -1E-3 0 1E-3 3.0000000000000001E-3 4.0000000000000001E-3 7.0000000000000001E-3 1.4E-2 1.7000000000000001E-2 3.9E-2 4.9000000000000002E-2 7.0999999999999994E-2 0.13500000000000001 -1E-3 -1E-3 -3.0000000000000001E-3 -0.01 -1.4999999999999999E-2 -2.4E-2 -5.3999999999999999E-2 -8.2000000000000003E-2 -0.13800000000000001
Resistor Circuits and Characteristic Curves
Purpose: In this lab we will introduce basic circuit analysis with series and parallel resistor circuits using Ohms Law and Kirchhoff’s laws. We will also introduce characteristic curves and diodes.
Introduction: Ohm’s Law is of general use with circuit elements, with parts of circuits, or with whole circuits. The voltage across a circuit element is equal to the resistance (or equivalent resistance) times the current flowing through the element. (V=IR)
Kirchhoff’s 1st Law of Circuits: The sum of voltages around a closed loop is equal to zero.
0
i
n
V
i = 1
=
å
“S.
Bai thi nghiem_linear_circuit_cttt
This document provides instructions for an experiment involving Kirchhoff's Current and Voltage Laws. The objectives are to learn and apply Kirchhoff's Current Law and Kirchhoff's Voltage Law, obtain further practice with electrical measurements, and compare results with calculations and simulations. The experiment uses a circuit with four resistors to apply the two Kirchhoff's Laws and calculate voltages and currents at various points. Students are instructed to use the laws to derive equations relating node voltages, solve them through calculation and simulation, measure resistor values, and compare results.
CSL (1).pptx
The document describes experiments performed in PS-Pice to verify various circuit theorems. Experiment 1 introduces PS-Pice and describes its basic functions. Experiment 2 uses PS-Pice to verify Kirchhoff's Current and Voltage Laws in a DC circuit by comparing analytical and simulated results. Experiment 3 verifies the Superposition Theorem for dependent and independent sources by calculating voltages using individual source contributions. Experiment 4 verifies Thevenin's Theorem for an independent source DC network by deriving the equivalent circuit representation.
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6 ohm's law
- 1. 6 ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS: OHM’S LAW _______________________________________________________________________ _ Discussion Ohm’s Law (V = IR) gives the relationship between the voltage, or potential difference, V, the electric current, I, and the resistance, R, for an electric circuit. It is one of the most basic and widely used relationships for circuit electricity. Ohm’s Law may be applied to an entire circuit or to a single component in the circuit. This experiment will explore the mathematical relationship given by Ohm’s Law. Procedure A. Variation of Voltage with Current for a Constant Resistance 1. Set up the circuit shown below to investigate Ohm’s Law. R V R V A S V = voltage source (a battery or power supply) R = variable resistance (a slide-wire rheostat or a decade resistance box) R = resistance (a resistor or a decade resistance box set for a known value) S = tap switch V = voltmeter, dc mode A = ammeter, dc mode * CAUTION: DO NOT AT ANY TIME ADJUST THE RESISTANCES TO PRODUCE A CURRENT HIGHER THAN 0.5 AMPS!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
- 2. 2. Adjust* the variable resistor to eight different positions and record the voltage across the fixed resistor and the current through the fixed resistor for each setting of the variable resistor. 3. Plot a graph of the voltage across the fixed resistor versus the current through it and determine the best-fit slope using an appropriate spreadsheet/graphics package, such as Quattro, Excel, Lotus, Crickett, Crvpolt, and others. 4. Compare the experimental resistance with the constant value of the known resistance by computing the % error between them.
- 3. Name ____________________________________ Date of Experiment ________________ Partner(s) _____________________________________________________ Lab Section _____ Experiment 6: Electric Circuits: Ohm’s Law Variation of Voltage with Current for a Constant Resistance Constant Resistance (R) = ___________________ Voltage, V Current, I (Volts) (amps) Slope of your graph of Voltage vs. Current = _________________ % Error for comparing the experimental value of the resistance to the constant resistance = _____