1. The lymphatic system maintains fluid levels, absorbs fats from digestion, and protects the body from foreign invaders as part of the immune system. 2. It collects excess fluid from tissues, transports it through lymphatic vessels and organs like lymph nodes and the spleen, and returns it to the bloodstream. 3. Within lymph nodes and other lymphatic organs, the system produces lymphocytes and other immune cells that identify and destroy pathogens.

1. K H A W A J A T A I M O O R S H A H I D
Lymphatic system

3. • P R O T E C T I O N F R O M I N F E C T I O U S
P A T H O G E N
• I N N A T E I M M U N I T Y ( A L W A Y S P R E S E N T ,
R E A D Y )
• A D A P T I V E I M M U N I T Y ( L Y M P H O C Y T E S A N D
A N T I B O D I E S )
• A D A P T I V E I M M U N I T Y 2 T Y P E S
• A - H U M O R A L I M M U N I T Y
( E X T R A C E L L U L A R M I C R O B E S )
• B - A D A P T I V E I M M U N I T Y ( I N T R A C E L L U L A R
M I C R O B E S )
Immunity

8. • T H E L Y M P H A T I C S Y S T E M I S A N E T W O R K O F
T I S S U E S , V E S S E L S A N D O R G A N S T H A T W O R K
T O G E T H E R T O M O V E A C O L O R L E S S , W A T E R Y
F L U I D C A L L E D L Y M P H B A C K I N T O Y O U R
C I R C U L A T O R Y S Y S T E M .
• S O M E 2 0 L I T E R S O F P L A S M A F L O W T H R O U G H
Y O U R B O D Y ’ S A R T E R I E S A N D S M A L L E R
A R T E R I O L E B L O O D V E S S E L S A N D C A P I L L A R I E S
E V E R Y D A Y . A F T E R D E L I V E R I N G N U T R I E N T S T O
T H E B O D Y ’ S C E L L S A N D T I S S U E S A N D
R E C E I V I N G T H E I R W A S T E P R O D U C T S , A B O U T 1 7
L I T E R S A R E R E T U R N E D T O T H E C I R C U L A T I O N B Y
W A Y O F V E I N S . T H E R E M A I N I N G T H R E E L I T E R S
S E E P T H R O U G H T H E C A P I L L A R I E S A N D I N T O
Y O U R B O D Y ’ S T I S S U E S . T H E L Y M P H A T I C S Y S T E M
C O L L E C T S T H I S E X C E S S F L U I D , N O W C A L L E D
L Y M P H , F R O M T I S S U E S I N Y O U R B O D Y A N D
M O V E S I T A L O N G U N T I L I T ' S U L T I M A T E L Y
R E T U R N E D T O Y O U R B L O O D S T R E A M .
Lymphatic system

9. 1 . L Y M P H
2 . L Y M P H N O D E S
3 . L Y M P H O C Y T E S
4 . L Y M P H A T I C V E S S E L S
5 . C O L L E C T I N G D U C T S
6 . S P L E E N ( L A R G E S T L Y M P H A T I C O R G A N )
7 . T H Y M U S ( M A T U R E S W H I T E B L O O D C E L L S )
8 . T O N S I L S ( 1 S T L I N E O F D E F E N S E )
9 . B O N E M A R R O W
1 0 . A P P E N D I X
1 1 . P E Y E R ’ S P A T C H E S ( L Y M P H A T I C T I S S U E O F
S M A L L I N T E S T I N E S )
Parts

10. • N O D U L A R A G G R E G A T E S O F L Y M P H O I D
T I S S U E
• A P C A R E P R E S E N T I N L Y M P H N O D E S
• D E N D R I T I C C E L L S P I C K U P A N T I G E N T O
L Y M P H N O D E S
Lymph nodes

11. • B L O O D B O R N E A N T I G E N
• S I M I L A R T O L Y M P H N O D E S
• S I N U S O I D S
• D E N D R I T I C C E L L A N D M A C R O P H A G E S
Spleen

12. • P H A R Y N G E A L T O N S I L S
• P E Y E R ’ S P A T C H E S
•
Mucosal lymphoid tissue

13. • A P C
• I N I T I A T E S T C E L L P R O D U C T I O N
• U N D E R E P I T H E L I A
• L A N G E R H E N ’ S C E L L S ( I M M A T U R E )
Dendritic cells

14. 1 . M A I N T A I N S F L U I D L E V E L S I N Y O U R B O D Y : A S J U S T
D E S C R I B E D , T H E L Y M P H A T I C S Y S T E M C O L L E C T S E X C E S S
F L U I D T H A T D R A I N S F R O M C E L L S A N D T I S S U E T H R O U G H O U T
Y O U R B O D Y A N D R E T U R N S I T T O Y O U R B L O O D S T R E A M ,
W H I C H I S T H E N R E C I R C U L A T E D T H R O U G H Y O U R B O D Y .
2 . A B S O R B S F A T S F R O M T H E D I G E S T I V E T R A C T : L Y M P H
I N C L U D E S F L U I D S F R O M Y O U R I N T E S T I N E S T H A T C O N T A I N
F A T S A N D P R O T E I N S A N D T R A N S P O R T S I T B A C K T O Y O U R
B L O O D S T R E A M .
3 . P R O T E C T S Y O U R B O D Y A G A I N S T F O R E I G N
I N V A D E R S : T H E L Y M P H A T I C S Y S T E M I S P A R T O F T H E
I M M U N E S Y S T E M . I T P R O D U C E S A N D R E L E A S E S
L Y M P H O C Y T E S ( W H I T E B L O O D C E L L S ) A N D O T H E R I M M U N E
C E L L S T H A T M O N I T O R A N D T H E N D E S T R O Y T H E F O R E I G N
I N V A D E R S — S U C H A S B A C T E R I A , V I R U S E S , P A R A S I T E S A N D
F U N G I — T H A T M A Y E N T E R Y O U R B O D Y .
4 . T R A N S P O R T S A N D R E M O V E S W A S T E P R O D U C T S A N D
A B N O R M A L C E L L S F R O M T H E L Y M P H .
Functions

15. 1 . L Y M P H A D E N O P A T H Y
2 . L Y M P H E D E M A
3 . H O D G K I N ’ S L Y M P H O M A
4 . C A S T L E M A N D I S E A S E
5 . M E S E N T E R I C L Y M P H A D E N I T I S
6 . T O N S I L L I T I S
Disorders

16. • L Y M P H E D E M A C A N R E S U L T F R O M A B L O C K A G E I N T H E
L Y M P H A T I C S Y S T E M C A U S E D B Y S C A R T I S S U E F R O M
D A M A G E D L Y M P H V E S S E L S O R N O D E S .
• L Y M P H E D E M A I S A L S O O F T E N S E E N W H E N L Y M P H
N O D E S A R E R E M O V E D F R O M T H O S E W H O ' V E H A D
S U R G E R Y O R R A D I A T I O N T O R E M O V E C A N C E R .
• T H E B U I L D U P O F L Y M P H A T I C F L U I D I S M O S T
C O M M O N L Y S E E N I N Y O U R A R M S A N D L E G S .
• L Y M P H E D E M A C A N B E V E R Y M I L D O R B E Q U I T E
P A I N F U L , D I S F I G U R I N G A N D D I S A B L I N G .
• P E O P L E W I T H L Y M P H E D E M A A R E A T R I S K F O R S E R I O U S
A N D P O T E N T I A L L Y L I F E - T H R E A T E N I N G D E E P S K I N
I N F E C T I O N S .
Lymphedema

17. E N L A R G E D L Y M P H N O D E S A R E C A U S E D B Y
I N F E C T I O N , I N F L A M M A T I O N O R C A N C E R .
C O M M O N I N F E C T I O N S T H A T C A N C A U S E
E N L A R G E D L Y M P H N O D E S I N C L U D E S T R E P
T H R O A T , M O N O N U C L E O S I S , H I V I N F E C T I O N A N D
I N F E C T E D S K I N W O U N D S . L Y M P H A D E N I T I S
R E F E R S T O L Y M P H A D E N O P A T H Y T H A T I S
C A U S E D B Y A N I N F E C T I O N O R I N F L A M M A T O R Y
C O N D I T I O N .
Lymphadenopathy

18. • R E A C T I V E L Y M P H N O D E S A R E A S I G N
T H A T Y O U R L Y M P H A T I C S Y S T E M I S
W O R K I N G H A R D T O P R O T E C T Y O U .
• L Y M P H F L U I D B U I L D S U P I N L Y M P H
N O D E S I N A N E F F O R T T O T R A P B A C T E R I A ,
V I R U S E S , O R O T H E R H A R M F U L
P A T H O G E N S .
• T H I S H E L P S T O K E E P T H E I N F E C T I O N
F R O M S P R E A D I N G T O O T H E R P A R T S O F
Y O U R B O D Y .
Reactive lymph nodes

19. 1 . C A N C E R O F W H I T E B L O O D C E L L S
2 . A F F E C T E D L Y M P H N O D E S A R E E N L A R G E D
3 . C U T S U R F A C E I S W H I T E G R E Y A N D U N I F O R M
4 . A G E B E T W E E N 1 5 T O 3 5
5 . A G E A F T E R 5 0
6 . E T I O L O G Y I S U N D E R I N V E S T I G A T I O N
7 . E P S T E I N - B A R R V I R U S ( 2 0 % T 8 0 % )
Hodgkin’s lymphoma

20. • C H A R A C T E R I Z E D B Y “ P R O G R E S S I V E
F I B R O S I S ”
• S K I N , G A S T R O - I N T E S T I N A L T R A C T
• F I B R O S I S D U E T O A C T I V A T I O N O F
F I B R O B L A S T S B Y C Y T O K I N E S P R O D U C E D B Y
T - C E L L S
•
Systemic sclerosis

21. Disease Antigen involved Pathological
manifestations
Systemic lupus
erythematosus
Nephritis, skin lesions,
arthritis
Post streptococcal
gloerulonephritis
Nephritis
Polyarteritis nodosa Systemic vasculitis
Reactive arthritis Acute arthritis
Serum sickness Nephritis
arthritis
Vasculitis
Arthus reaction Cutaneous vasculitis

22. • A M A S T C E L L ( A L S O K N O W N A S A M A S T O C Y T E O R
A L A B R O C Y T E
• I S A G R A N U L E S R I C H I N H I S T A M I N E A N D H E P A R I N .
• S P E C I F I C A L L Y , I T I S A T Y P E O F G R A N U L O C Y T E D E R I V E D F R O M
T H E M Y E L O I D S T E M C E L L S
• M A S T C E L L S W E R E D I S C O V E R E D B Y P A U L E H R L I C H I N 1 8 7 7 .
• A L T H O U G H B E S T K N O W N F O R T H E I R R O L E
I N A L L E R G Y A N D A N A P H Y L A X I S , M A S T C E L L S P L A Y A N
I M P O R T A N T P R O T E C T I V E R O L E A S W E L L , B E I N G I N T I M A T E L Y
I N V O L V E D I N W O U N D H E A L I N G , A N G I O G E N E S I S , I M M U N E
T O L E R A N C E , D E F E N S E A G A I N S T P A T H O G E N S , A N D V A S C U L A R
P E R M E A B I L I T Y I N B R A I N T U M O U R S . [ 3 ] [ 4 ]
T H E M A S T C E L L I S V E R Y S I M I L A R I N B O T H A P P E A R A N C E A N D
F U N C T I O N T O T H E B A S O P H I L , A N O T H E R T Y P E O F W H I T E B L O O D
C E L L . A L T H O U G H M A S T C E L L S W E R E O N C E T H O U G H T T O B E
T I S S U E - R E S I D E N T B A S O P H I L S , I T H A S B E E N S H O W N T H A T T H E
T W O C E L L S D E V E L O P F R O M D I F F E R E N T H E M A T O P O I E T I C L I N E A G E S
A N D T H U S C A N N O T B E T H E S A M E C E L L S . [ 5 ]
Mast cells